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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2160-2176页

作者： Shun Takayama Kazuhiro Katada Tomohisa Takagi Takaya Iida Tomohiro Ueda katsura mizushima Yasuki Higashimura Mayuko Morita Tetsuya Okayama Kazuhiro Kamada Kazuhiko Uchiyama Osamu Handa Takeshi Ishikawa Zenta Yasukawa Tsutomu Okubo Yoshito Itoh Yuji Naito Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Department of Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Department of Food Science Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichi 921-8836Japan Department of Health Care Nutrition Showa Gakuin Junior CollegeIchikawa 272-0823Japan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki 701-0192Japan Department of Nutrition Taiyo Kagaku Co.LtdYokkaichi 510-0844Japan

BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein is

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Partially hydrolyzed guar gum Gut-liver axis Intestinal barrier integrity Microbiota Short-chain fatty acids

The effect of oxygen fugacity on ionic conductivity in olivine

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 76-84页

作者： Hongzhan Fei Tomoo katsura Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth95447 BayreuthGermany Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100097China

The oxygen fugacity(f_(O2)) may affect the ionic conductivity of olivine under upper mantle conditions because Mg vacancies can be produced in the crystal structure by the oxidization of iron from Fe^(2+) to Fe3+. Here we investigated olivine ionic conductivity at 4 GPa, as a function of temperature, crystallographic orientation, and oxygen fugacity, corresponding to the topmost asthenospheric conditions. The results demonstrate that the ionic conductivity is insensitive to f_(O2) under relatively reduced conditions(f_(O2) below Re-ReO_(2) buffer), whereas it has a clear f_(O2)-dependence under relatively oxidized conditions(f_(O2) around the magnetite-hematite buffer). The ionic conduction in olivine may contribute significantly to the conductivity anomaly in the topmost asthenosphere especially at relatively oxidized conditions.

关键词： Olivine Ionic conductivity Crystal structure Oxygen fugacity Upper mantle

Asthenosphere dynamics based on the H2O dependence of element diffusivity in olivine

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 9-11页

作者： Tomoo katsura Hongzhan Fei Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

The oceanic asthenosphere is one of the most enigmatic regions in the Earth’s interior. The presence of seismic lowvelocity zones implies high softness at the top of the asthenosphere, which may cause smooth plate mo... 详细信息

关键词： scanning tunneling microscopy phenyl-based molecular film electronic correlation electron-vibration coupling Kondo effect

A Breakthrough in Pressure Generation by a Kawai-Type Multi-Anvil Apparatus with Tungsten Carbide Anvils

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 434-440页

作者： Takayuki Ishii Zhaodong Liu Tomoo katsura Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95440 Germany State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094 China

Expansion of the pressure range of Kawai-type multi-anvil presses (KMAPs) with tungsten carbide (WC) anvils is called for, especially in the field of Earth science. However, no significant progress in pressure generation has been made for 40 years. Our recent studies have expanded the pressure generation of a KMAP with WC anvils to 65 GPa, which is the world record for high-pressure generation in this device and is more than 2.5 times higher than conventional pressure generation. We have also successfully generated pressures of about 50 GPa at high temperatures. This work reviews our recently developed technology for high-pressure generation. High-pressure generation at room temperature and at high temperature was attained by integration of the following techniques:① a precisely aligned guideblock system,② a high degree of hardness of the second-stage anvils,③ tapering of the second-stage anvil faces,④ a high-pressure cell consisting of materials with a high bulk modulus, and ⑤ high thermal insulation of the furnace. Our high-pressure technology will facilitate investigation of the phase stability and physical properties of materials under the conditions of the upper part of the lower mantle, and will permit the synthesis and characterization of novel materials.

关键词： High pressure Multi-anvil apparatus Tungsten carbide anvil Sintered diamond Lower mantle

Expression of the Japanese oak silkworm Antheraea yamamai fibroin gene in the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2009年第6期16卷 465-473页

作者： Isao Kobayashi katsura Kojima Hideki Sezutsu Keiro Uchino Toshiki Tamura Transgenic Silkworm Research Center Silk Materials Research Unit National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ibaraki Japan

To understand the evolutionary conservation ofthe gene expression mechanism and secretion machinery between Antheraea and Bombyx fibroins, we introduced the genomic A. yamamai fibroin gene into the domesticated silkworm, B. mori. The spliced A. yamamai fibroin mRNA appeared only in the posterior region of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm, suggesting that the functions of the fibroin promoter region and the splicing machinery are conserved between these two species. The A. yamarnai fibroin protein was detected in the lumen of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm, albeit at lower levels compared with the B. mori-type fibroin. We found a strong degeneration of the posterior region of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm. As a result, the cocoon shell weight was much lower in the transgenic silkworm than in the non-transgenic line. These results indicate that the promoter function and splicing machinery are well conserved between A. yamamai and B. mori but that the secretion mechanism of fibroin is diversified between the two.

关键词： Antheraea yamamai Bombyx mori evolution fibroin silk transgenic

The Influence of Iron on Ammonium Ion Generation from Nitrate Ion in Liquid Phase

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第1期7卷 2673-2677页

作者： Youhei Kinoshita Naoki Okumura Kazunori Takashima Shinji katsura Akira Mizuno Department of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

Flue gas cleaning in discharge plasma process has been studied intensivelyand we have tried to remove the NO_x and SO_2 using the wet-type plasma reactor. In this system, NOis oxidized to NO_2 and absorbed as NO_3^-, and SO_2 is absorbed as SO_3^(2-) and oxidized in theliquid to SO_4^(2-). But the concentration of NO_3^- was saturated and the absorption of NO_x andSO_2 was inhibited. Then, the reduction of NO_3^- in the liquid is required. We examined thereductive reaction of NO_3^- to NH_4^+ using discharge above the liquid surface then the pH value ofthe liquid was changed to alkaline slightly. When the Fe plate was used as a ground electrode inthe liquid, NH_4^+ was generated. Then, the relation between the generation of NH_4^+ and Fe ions(Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+)) was studied. When Fe^(2+) was presented in the liquid, NH_4^+ was generatedand Fe^(2+) was oxidized to Fe^(3+). Fe^(2+) is required to generate NH_4^+ from NO_3^-. When NH_4^+was generated from NO_3^-, both the calculated pH value from NH_4^+ concentration and the measuredpH value indicated a similar value. From these results, the discharge above the liquid surface waseffective to convert NO_3^- to NH_4^+ and the reductive reaction leads to more absorption of NO_3^-.These results showed that the wet-type plasma reactor is effective for NO_x and SO_2 removalsystem.

关键词： discharge plasma reduction nitric acid ammonium

Preventing pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: An invagination method

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第8期23卷 1507-1512页

作者： Nagato katsura Yasuhiro Kawai Takashi Gomi Kenji Okumura Takahiko Hoashi Seijun Fukuda Katsushi Takebayashi Kenji Shimizu Masugi Satoh Department of Surgery Misugikai Otokoyama Hospital Department of Surgery Misugikai Satoh HospitalYobuhigashimachi Hirakata

Following an increase in the use of the GIA stapler for treating a pancreatic stump, more techniques to prevent postoperative pancreatic juice leakage have been required. We describe one successful case using our new technique of invaginating the cut end of the pancreas into the stomach to prevent a pancrea-tic fistula(PF) from occurring. A 50-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer in the tail of the pancreas underwent distal pancreatectomy, causing a grade A PF. We resected the distal pancreas without additional reinforcement to invaginate the stump into the gastric posterior wall with single layer anastomosis using a 3-0 absorbable suture. The drain tubes were removed on the third postoperative day. Although a grade A PF was noted, the patient was discharged on foot on the eleventh postoperative day. Our technique may be a suitable method for patients with a pancreatic body and tail tumor.

关键词：淀粉酶 Pancreatectomy 胰腺的管胰液瘤

Rescue of white egg 1 mutant by introduction of the wildtype Bombyx kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 85-92页

作者： GUO-XING QUAN ISAO KOBAYASHI katsura KOJIMA KEIRO UCHINO TOSHIO KANDA HIDEKI SEZUTSU TORU SHIMADA TOSHIKI TAMURA Transgenic Silkworm Research Center National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan Biomimetic Laboratory National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

In silkworms, the white egg 1 （w-1） mutant, which is characterized by white eyes and white eggs, is deficient in Bombyx kynurenine 3-monooxygenase （KMO） activity. To investigate whether the w-1 mutant phenotype is rescued by introducing the wild-type KMO gene, we constructed transgenic silkworms with the wild-type Bombyx KMO gene under the control of either the cytoplasmic actin gene promoter （A3KMO） or the native KMO gene promoter （KKMO）. We created two transgenic lines with A3KMO and one line with KKMO constructs. The eyes of adults in these lines were brown, and the eggs laid by the transgenic females were also brown. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis showed that the A3KMO silkworm lines expressed the transcript in the mid-gut, fat bodies, and Malpighian tubules. The KKMO line expressed the transcript only in the fat bodies and Malpighian tubules. The intensity of eye and egg color in the transgenic lines was proportional to the KMO expression level. Interestingly, transgenic larvae with the A3KMO construct had a light brown larval cuticle, but the KKMO line did not. These results indicate that the wild-type KMO gene can be used as a marker gene for visually screening transgenic silkworms.

关键词： Bombyx mori KMO marker gene transgenic w-1

Aluminum solubility in bridgmanite up to 3000 K at the top lower mantle

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 929-935页

作者： Zhaodong Liu Ran Liu Yucheng Shang Fangren Shen Luyao Chen Xuyuan Hou Mingguang Yao Tian Cui Bingbing Liu Tomoo katsura Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of BayreuthBayreuth95440Germany State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China

The temperature dependence of the Al2O3 solubility in bridgmanite has been determined in the system MgSiO3–Al_(2)O_(3)at temperatures of 2750–3000 K under a constant pressure of 27 GPa using a multi-anvil apparatus.Bridgmanite becomes more aluminous with increasing temperatures.A LiNbO3-type phase with a pyrope composition(Mg_(3)Al_(2)Si_(3)O_(12))forms at 2850 K,which is regarded as to be transformed from bridgmanite upon decompression.This phase contains 30 mol%Al_(2)O_(3)at 3000 K.The MgSiO3 solubility in corundum also increases with temperatures,reaching 52 mol%at 3000 K.Molar volumes of the hypothetical Al_(2)O_(3)bridgmanite and MgSiO_(3)corundum are constrained to be 25.950.05 and 26.24±0.06 cm^(3)/mol,respectively,and interaction parameters of non-ideality for these two phases are 5.6±0.5 and 2.2±0.5 KJ/mol,respectively.The increases in Al^(2)O^(3)and MgSiO^(3)contents,respectively,in bridgmanite and corundum are caused by a larger entropy of Al_(2)O_(3)bridgmanite plus MgSiO_(3)corundum than that of MgSiO_(3)bridgmanite plus Al_(2)O_(3)corundum with temperature,in addition to the configuration entropy.Our study may help explain dynamics of the top lower mantle and constrain pressure and temperature conditions of shocked meteorites.

关键词： Bridgmanite LiNbO_(3)-type phase Corundum Temperature Entropy Lower mantle