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The First Documented Experience of Qi and an Account of Healing Failure:4th-Century BCE

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 139-146页

作者： Constance a.cook Professor&Chair Modern Languages and LiteraturesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA

This essay will review the earliest case that documents a patient’s experience of qi,one found on a bamboo text buried with the patient who died in the 318 *** of the healing encounter and of concepts of illness show how non-transmitted documents hidden from later editors in tombs preserve an older layer of medical understanding than that in transmitted canons,such as the Huang Di nei Jing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor).The 4th-century BCE case record described below is the longest early medical record concerning the treatment of a specific *** is also an account of failure formally recorded for the sake of the survivors and buried with the dead to be transmitted to the world of the *** essay begins with a reevaluation of ancient concept of qi and then moves on to the individual case record.

关键词： Ancient Divination Heart Magic Manuscript Qi Wu Xing Yin-yang

Impacts of late Quaternary environmental change on the long-tailed ground squirrel(Urocitellus undulatus)in Mongolia

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 364-372页

作者： Bryan S.McLean Batsaikhan Nyamsuren ANDrey Tchabovsky Joseph a.cook University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences National University of Mongolia Laboratory of Population Ecology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of new Mexico Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology

Impacts of Quaternary environmental changes on mammal faunas of central Asia remain poorly understood due to a lack of comprehensive phylogeographic sampling for most *** help address this knowledge gap,we conducted the most extensive molecular analysis to date of the long-tailed ground squirrel （Urocitellus undulatus Pallas 1778） in Mongolia,a country that comprises the southern core of this species＇ *** on material from recent collaborative field expeditions,we genotyped 128 individuals at two mitochondrial genes （cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ;1797 bp total）.Phylogenetic inference supports the existence of two deeply divergent infraspecific lineages （corresponding to subspecies *** and ***）,a result in agreement with previous molecular investigations but discordant with patterns of range-wide craniometric and external phenotypic *** the widespread western eversmanni lineage,we recovered geographically-associated clades from the：（a） Khangai,（b） Mongolian Altai,and （c） Govi Altai mountain *** structure in *** is consistent with an isolation-by-distance model;however,genetic distances are significantly lower than among subspecies,and intra-clade relationships are largely *** latter patterns,as well as the relatively higher nucleotide polymorphism of populations from the Great Lakes Depression of northwestern Mongolia,suggest a history of range shifts into these lowland areas in response to Pleistocene glaciation and environmental change,followed by upslope movements and mitochondrial lineage sorting with Holocene *** study illuminates possible historical mechanisms responsible for *** genetic structure and contributes to a framework for ongoing exploration of mammalian response to past and present climate change in central Asia.

关键词： Central Asia Gobi Desert Great LakesDepression Mongolia Phylogeography

Hydrogels for the management of second-degree burns:currently available options and future promise

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 71-87页

作者： kather.ne a.cook Edith Martinez-Lozano Robert Sheridan Edward K.Rodriguez Ara Nazarian Mark W.Grinstaff Department of Chemistry Biomedical Engineeringand MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative Carl J.ShapiroDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA Shriners Hospitals for Children and Burns Service Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02214USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yerevan State Medical UniversityYerevanArmenia

Burn wounds result from exposure to hot liquids,chemicals,fire,electric discharge or *** severity ranges from first-degree injury,which is superficial,to fourth-degree injury,which exposes bone,tendons and *** assessment of burn depth and accurate wound management in the outpatient setting is critical to prevent injury progression into deeper layers of the *** progression is of particular pertinence to second-degree burns,which are the most common form of thermal *** our understanding of wound healing advances,treatment options and technologies for second-degree burn management also *** hydrogels are a class of burn wound dressings that adhere to tissue,absorb wound exudate,protect from the environment,can be transparent facilitating serial wound evaluation and,in some cases,enable facile removal for dressing *** review briefly describes the burn level classification and common,commercially available dressings used to treat second-degree burns,and then focuses on new polymeric hydrogel burn dressings under preclinical development analyzing their design,structure and *** review presents the follow key learning points:(1)introduction to the integument system and the wound-healing process;(2)classification of burns according to severity and clinical appearance;(3)available dressings currently used for second-degree burns;(4)introduction to hydrogels and their preparation and characterization techniques;and(5)pre-clinical hydrogel burn wound dressings currently being developed.

关键词： Burn Wound Hydrogel Dressing Second-degree

Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Giles T.Hanley-cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg Laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeger Marthe De Boevre Carl Lachat Department of Food Technology， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Engineering， Ghent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques， Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at near regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.

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ATM performance measurement in Europe,the US and China

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 479-490页

作者： Andrew cook Seddik Belkoura Massimiliano Zanin Department of Planning and Transport University of Westminster 35 Marylebone Road London NW1 5LS United Kingdom The Innaxis Foundation and Research Institute Jose Ortega y Gasset 20 Madrid 28006 Spain Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Electrotecnica Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa 2829-516 Portugal

Air traffic management（ATM） performance and the metrics used in its assessment are investigated for the first time across the three largest ATM world regions：Europe,the US and *** market structure and flow management practices of each region are presented.A wide range of performance data across these three regions is *** topological and performance assessment,the notion of a ＇sufficient＇ sample is often non-intuitive：many metrics may behave non-monotonically as a function of sampling *** and under-developed metrics are identified,and the need for a balance between standardisation and flexibility is *** and cross-sectional metric trade-offs are identified.

关键词： Air traffic management Data Metric Performance Sampling Topology

The Triple Combination of Meropenem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial Coverage Against Different β-Lactamase Producers

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuoren Ling Alistair James Macdonald Farley Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Premchand-Branker Kate cook Andrei Baran Charlotte Gray-Hammerton Claudia Orbegozo Rubio Edgars Suna Jordan Mathias Jürgen Brem Kirsty Sands Maria Nieto-Rosado Maria Mykolaivna Trush Nadira Naznin Rakhi Willames Martins Yuqing Zhou Christopher Joseph Schofield Timothy Walsh Department of Biology&Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Department of Medical Microbiology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This work explores the potential of a triple combination of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-blactamase(MBL)inhibitor(indole-2-carboxylate 58(InC58)),and a serine-b-lactamase(SBL)inhibitor(avibactam(AVI))for broad-spectrum activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria.A diverse panel comprising MBL-and SBL-producing strains was used for susceptibility testing of the triple combination using the agar dilution *** frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM combined with InC58 was *** were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stability of the resistance *** with the double combinations of MEM plus an SBL or MBL inhibitor,the triple combination extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates bearing SBLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2))and MBLs(new Delhi metallo-blactamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-blactamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii(***).The FoR to MEM plus InC58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompC and comR,affecting porin C and copper permeability,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antibiotic pressure,and cross resistance to another carbapenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor(taniborbactam).In conclusion,compared with the dual combinations,the triple combination of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carbapenemaseproducing bacteria,revealing a new strategy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

关键词： Carbapenemase Metallo/serine-b-lactamase inhibitor Avibactam Meropenem Antimicrobial resistance

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美国农业环境政策变革的若干思考

国外农业环境保护 1992年第1期 16-18页

作者： Kenneth a.cook 张伯春

1985年农业政策改革实践的近期效果表明,这一政策也应是1990年及以后实行的政策。在国会重新审核农业基本法案时,农业团体、农业政策制订者和商业团体等各方面对环境问题感兴趣的人都认为理应把环境问题看作是一个重要问题。

关键词：环境保护农业美国

net zero emission goals demand worldwide cooperation

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 93-95页

作者： Shi Xue Dou Wei-Hong Lai Chris cook Institute of Energy Materials Science University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong

The serious threat of climate change has become a reality of daily life all over the world. There is no priority facing humans at present more urgent than climate change. The goal of achieving net zero emissions (NZEs) within a time frame short enough to avoid catastrophic changes can only be accomplished through worldwide cooperation.

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The East London glaucoma prediction score: web-based validation of glaucoma risk screening tool

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第1期6卷 95-102页

作者： cook Stephen Longo-Mbenza Benjamin The Eye Centre East London Eastern Cape Province Faculty of Health Sciences Walter Sisulu University

AIM:It is difficult for Optometrists and General Practitioners to know which patients are at risk. The East London glaucoma prediction score (ELGPS) is a web based risk calculator that has been developed to determine Glaucoma risk at the time of screening. Multiple risk factors that are available in a low tech environment are assessed to provide a risk assessment. This is extremely useful in settings where access to specialist care is difficult. Use of the calculator is educational. It is a free web based service. Data capture is user specific. METHODS:The scoring system is a web based questionnaire that captures and subsequently calculates the relative risk for the presence of Glaucoma at the time of screening. Three categories of patient are described:Unlikely to have Glaucoma; Glaucoma Suspect and Glaucoma. A case review methodology of patients with known diagnosis is employed to validate the calculator risk assessment. RESULTS:Data from the patient records of 400 patients with an established diagnosis has been captured and used to validate the screening tool. The website reports that the calculated diagnosis correlates with the actual diagnosis 82% of the time. Biostatistics analysis showed:Sensitivity = 88% ; Positive predictive value = 97%; Specificity = 75%. CONCLUSION:Analysis of the first 400 patients validates the web based screening tool as being a good method of screening for the at risk population. The validation is ongoing. The web based format will allow a more widespread recruitment for different geographic, population and personnel variables.

关键词： glaucoma score diagnosis tomography management South Africa