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城镇污水处理工艺对紫外线消毒RED的影响

中国给水排水 2009年第5期25卷 45-47,51页

作者：李东陈淑芬尹新哲 karl g.linden 张文品郝敦玲重庆大学资源及环境科学学院重庆400044 科罗拉多大学波尔得分校土木环境与建筑工程系重庆大学化学化工学院重庆400044

使用准平行紫外光束仪测定了重庆市3个采用不同处理工艺的城镇污水处理厂终沉池出水中粪大肠菌群(FC)的紫外线响应曲线,考察了不同处理工艺对紫外线消毒等效生物验证剂量(RED)的影响。结果表明,在15 mJ/cm2的紫外线辐照剂量下,3个污水... 详细信息

使用准平行紫外光束仪测定了重庆市3个采用不同处理工艺的城镇污水处理厂终沉池出水中粪大肠菌群(FC)的紫外线响应曲线,考察了不同处理工艺对紫外线消毒等效生物验证剂量(RED)的影响。结果表明,在15 mJ/cm2的紫外线辐照剂量下,3个污水处理厂终沉池出水中的FC未发生光复活和暗复活现象;运用虚拟变量回归分析法对3个水样的试验数据进行统计分析,发现3个水样属于同一个样本空间,表明不同的二级污水处理工艺对紫外线消毒效果没有显著影响;基于数据合并处理的结果,建议新建的城镇二级污水处理厂的紫外线消毒反应器的进水FC浓度设计值取5.0×106MPN/L,以对应1.0×104和1.0×103MPN/L的两个排放标准,REDMS2分别为25和36 mJ/cm2。

关键词：城镇污水紫外线消毒等效生物验证剂量粪大肠菌群

Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： karl Adrian gandionco Juwon Kim Lieven Bekaert Annick Hubin Jongwoo Lim Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel *** this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral *** the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic ***-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon ***,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon *** this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom *** is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

Endogenous hormones matters in evaluation of endocrine disruptive effects mediated by nuclear receptors

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 257-259页

作者： Yanbin Zhao karl Fent State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China ETH Zürich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution DynamicsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceCH-8092 ZürichSwitzerland

In recent decades,endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)have emerged as a prominent focus on environmental science and ***,extensive use of in vitro bioassays founded on ligand-receptor binding has facilitated the identification of a substantial number of potential EDCs,particularly agonists/antagonists of nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors[1].These datasets have significantly augmented the discovery of potential ***,when subjecting these compounds to in vivo exposures,spanning from teleost fish to rodents and humans,observations frequently deviated from in vitro anticipation[2,3].This discrepancy and the apparent lack of prognostic value are shared with the difficulties of in vitro-in vivo extrapolations in classical toxicological *** the utility of in vitro identification is without doubt,its potential EDCs require in vivo *** resulting complexity in EDCs outcomes,nevertheless,has not yet received adequate attention and thorough interpretation.

关键词： doubt confirmation identification

Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-11页

作者： Helena Prior Filipe Mila Kostic Mildred Lopez karl golnik West Lisbon Hospitals Center Hospital Egas MonizLisbonPortugal Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research LisbonPortugal Continuing Education and Development in Health Professions RichboroPAUSA Coordinación de Educación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in *** study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in *** key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational ***:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of ***,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past *** Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning *** integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning *** consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within ***:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational *** literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology *** advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

关键词： Social media(SoMe) health professions education(HPE) active learning social learning technology enhanced learning

Enemies atpeace:Recentprogressin Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 321-329页

作者： Shaoshuai Liu Ke Wang Shuaifeng geng Moammar Hossain Xingguo Ye Aili Li Long Mao karl-Heinz Kogel State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Phytopathology Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich Buff-Ring 26-32D-35392GiessenGermany

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century *** modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals *** breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene *** modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern *** this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.

关键词： Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cereal species genome editing genetic engineering Plant breeding

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald Thomas Kluge Alejandro Lasogarcia Toma Toncian karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm Thomas E.Cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

Challenges and opportunities in the production of magnesium parts by directed energy deposition processes

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1663-1686页

作者： gürel Cam Ali günen Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey

Mg-alloys have gained considerable attention in recent years for their outstanding properties such as lightweight,high specific strength,and corrosion resistance,making them attractive for applications in medical,aerospace,automotive,and other transport ***,their widespread application is hindered by their low formability at room temperature due to limited slip *** Mg-alloys have low mechanical properties due to the presence of casting defects such as porosity and anisotropy in addition to the high *** casting methods benefit from established process optimization techniques for these problems,additive manufacturing methods are increasingly replacing casting methods in Mg alloys as they provide more precise control over the microstructure and allow specific grain orientations,potentially enabling easier optimization of anisotropy properties in certain *** metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology also results in some manufacturing defects such as inhomogeneous microstructural evolution and porosity and additively manufactured Mg alloy parts exhibit lower properties than the wrought parts,they in general exhibit superior properties than the cast ***,MAM is a promising technique to produce Mg alloy *** energy deposition processes,particularly wire arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED),have emerged as an advantageous additive manufacturing(AM)technique for metallic materials including magnesium alloys,offering advantages such as high deposition rates,improved material efficiency,and reduced production costs compared to subtractive ***,the inherent challenges associated with magnesium,such as its high reactivity and susceptibility to oxidation,pose unique hurdles in the application of this *** review paper delves into the progress made in the application of DED technology to Mg-alloys,its challenges,and ***,the predominant imperfections,notably inhomo

关键词： Additive manufacturing DED processes Arc-DED Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) 3-D printing High deposition rate

Recent research in mechanical properties of geopolymer-based ultrahigh-performance concrete:A review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 67-88页

作者： g.Murali Division of Research&Innovation Uttaranchal UniversityDehradun 248007India

Due to the growing need for sustainable and ultra-high-strength construction materials,scientists have created an innovative ultra-high-performance concrete called geopolymer based ultra-highperformance concrete(gUHPC).Besides,in the last few decades,there have been a lot of explosions and ballistic attacks around the world,which have killed many civilians and fighters in border *** this context,this article reviews the fresh state and mechanical properties of ***,the ingredients of gUHPC and fresh properties such as setting time and flowability are briefly ***,the review of compressive strength,flexure strength,tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of fibrous ***,the blast and projectile impact resistance performance was ***,the microstructural characteristics were reviewed using the scanning electron microscope and X-ray Powder *** review outcome reveals that the mechanical properties were increased when 30%silica fume was added to a higher dose of steel fibre to improve the microstructure of *** is hypothesized that the brittleness of gUHPC was mitigated by adding 1.5%steel fibre reinforcement,which played a role in the decrease of contact explosion cratering and *** the need for cement in gUHPC was a key factor in the review,indicating a promising potential for lowering carbon ***,gUHPC research is still in its early stages,so more study is required before its full potential can be utilized.

关键词： Mechanical properties Blast Projectile impact Fibre geopolymer Silica fume Alkaline activators

Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 89-89页

作者： karl N Miller Aging Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences & Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines Polish Academy of Sciences 02-109 Warsaw Poland

Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA(cytoDNA)species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological *** the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established,the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish,and their mechanisms of formation,scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood.

关键词： endogenous inflammation incomplete