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Planning for Community Relocations Due to Climate Change in Fiji

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 315-319页

作者： karen e.Mc Namara Helene Jacot Des Combes School of Geography Planning and Environmental ManagementThe University of Queensland Pacific Centre for environment and Sustainable Development University of the South Pacific

As a consequence of the impacts of climate change, some households and entire communities across the Pacific are making the complex and challenging decision to leave their homelands and relocate to new environments that can sustain their livelihoods. This short article charts how the residents of Vunidogoloa village in Fiji relocated in early 2014 to reduce their vulnerability to encroaching sea level and inundation events that regularly devastated the community. As a consequence of the Vunidogoloa relocation, this article also explores how the Fiji Government is planning for similar resettlement transitions, including vulnerability and adaptation assessments to develop a list of potential community relocations and the development of national relocation guidelines. This study draws from key informant interviews(n = 8) with government officials, as well as representatives from intergovernmental and local nongovernmental organizations,who are involved in the relocation issue. Given the speed at which these national, top-down initiatives are being forged and especially in light of the absence of any mention of relocation in Fiji’s 2012 climate change policy, careful and inclusive engagement across all scales and stakeholders,including communities 'earmarked' for relocation, is paramount.

关键词： Climate change Community relocation Fiji Risk planning Sea level rise

Identification of a novel population of human cord blood cells with hema-topoietic and chondrocytic potential

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Cell Research 2004年第4期14卷 268-282页

作者： karen e JAY,Anne ROULeAU,T Michael UNDeRHILL,Mickie BHATIA Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada. Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

With the exception of mature erythrocytes, cells within the human hematopoietic system are characterized by the cell surface expression of the pan-leukocyte receptor CD45. Here, we identify a novel subset among mononuclear cord blood cells depleted of lineage commitment markers (Lin) that are devoid of CD45 expression. Surprisingly, functional examination of Lin"CD45" cells also lacking cell surface CD34 revealed they were capable of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor capacity. Co-culture with mouse embryonic limb bud cells demonstrated that Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were capable of contributing to cartilage nodules and differentiating into human chondrocytes. BMP-4, a mesodermal factor known to promote chondrogenesis, significantly augmented Lin-CD45-CD34- differentiation into chondrocytes. Moreover, unlike CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells, Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were unable to proliferate or survive in liquid cultures, whereas single Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were able to chimerize the inner cell mass (IC

关键词： hematopoietic chondrocyte CD45 embryonic.

Hyperhomocysteinemia as a potential contributor of colorectal cancer development in inflammatory bowel diseases: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1081-1090页

作者： Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli Vickie e Baracos karen L Madsen Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada Department of Oncology University of AlbertaCross Cancer InstituteEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada

Homocysteine is an amino acid generated metabolically by the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation pathway. In addition to being a well-known independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, is also a risk factor for cancer. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in comparison to healthy individuals. Furthermore, the risk of hyperhomocysteinaemia is significantly higher in IBD patients when compared with controls. In the present article, we review the mechanisms in which hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to increased risk of colorectal cancer in IBD patients.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Colorectal cancer Inflammator

Colon adenoma features and their impact on risk of future advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第12期8卷 826-834页

作者： Audrey H Calderwood karen e Lasser Hemant K Roy Section of Gastroenterology Depart-ment of MedicineDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Section of General Internal Medicine Depart-ment of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine

AIMTo review the evidence on the association between specific colon adenoma features and the risk of future colonic neoplasia [adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC)]. MeTHODSWe performed a literature search using the National Library of Medicine through PubMed from 1/1/2003 to 5/30/2015. Specific Medical Subject Headings terms (colon, colon polyps, adenomatous polyps, epidemiology, natural history, growth, cancer screening, colonoscopy, CRC) were used in conjunction with subject headings/key words (surveillance, adenoma surveillance, polypectomy surveillance, and serrated adenoma). We defined non-advanced adenomas as 1-2 adenomas each 25% villous histology or high-grade dysplasia. A combined endpoint of advanced neoplasia included advanced adenomas and invasive CRC. ReSULTSOur search strategy identified 592 candidate articles of which 8 met inclusion criteria and were relevant for assessment of histology (low grade vs high grade dysplasia, villous features) and adenoma size. Six of these studies met the accepted quality indicator threshold for overall adenoma detection rate > 25% among study patients. We found 254 articles of which 7 met inclusion criteria for the evaluation of multiple adenomas. Lastly, our search revealed 222 candidate articles of which 6 met inclusion criteria for evaluation of serrated polyps. Our review found that villous features, high grade dysplasia, larger adenoma size, and having ≥ 3 adenomas at baseline are associated with an increased risk of future colonic neoplasia in some but not all studies. Serrated polyps in the proximal colon are associated with an increased risk of future colonic neoplasia, comparable to having a baseline advanced adenoma. CONCLUSIONData on adenoma features and risk of future adenomas and CRC are compelling yet modest in absolute effect size. Future research should refine this risk stratification.

关键词： Colon adenoma Colorectal cancer screening Surveillance Colonoscopy

Stable ischemic heart disease in the older adults

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第2期13卷 109-114页

作者： Xuming DAI Jan Busby-Whitehead Daniel e Forman karen P Alexander Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA Division of Geriatric Medicine Center for Aging and Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina USA Section of Geriatric Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA USA Division of Cardiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA

1 Introduction Ischemic heart disease is caused by atherosclerotic and/or thrombotic obstruction of coronary arteries. Clinical spec- trum of ischemic heart disease expands from asymptomatic atherosclerosis of coronary arteries to acute coronary syn- dromes （ACS） including unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction （non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction）. Stable ischemic heart dis- ease （SIHD） refers to patients with known or suspected SIHD who have no recent or acute changes in their symp- tomatic status, suggesting no active thrombotic process is underway.

关键词： Aging Coronary artery disease Older adults Risk assessment Stable ischemic heart disease

MLC1在调节星形胶质细胞-突触相互作用中的新角色

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神经损伤与功能重建 2023年第5期18卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Mandy S J Kater Katharina F Baumgart Aina Badia-Soteras Tim S Heistek karen e carney A Jacob Timmerman Jan R T vanWeering August B Smit Marjo S van der Knaap Huibert D Mansvelder Mark H G Verheijen Rogier Min Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Child Neurology Amsterdam Leukodystrophy CenterEmma Children's HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Integrative Neurophysiology Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

星形胶质细胞膜蛋白MLC1的功能丧失是伴皮质下囊肿的巨脑性白质脑病(MLC)的主要遗传原因,这一罕见病的特征是脑内离子和水稳态失衡。MLC1蛋白主要分布于大脑中的液体屏障周围,例如在星形胶质细胞接触血管的终足和接触脑膜的突起中。该... 详细信息

星形胶质细胞膜蛋白MLC1的功能丧失是伴皮质下囊肿的巨脑性白质脑病(MLC)的主要遗传原因,这一罕见病的特征是脑内离子和水稳态失衡。MLC1蛋白主要分布于大脑中的液体屏障周围,例如在星形胶质细胞接触血管的终足和接触脑膜的突起中。该蛋白是否在其他星形胶质细胞结构域中发挥作用尚不清楚。本研究表明MLC1存在于星形胶质细胞远端突起中,也称为突触周围星形胶质细胞突起(PAP)或星形胶质细胞小叶;在海马CA1区域它们与兴奋性突触密切相互作用。我们发现在Mlc1缺失小鼠中,向兴奋性突触延伸的PAP末端缩短。这一改变会影响谷氨酸能突触传递,导致自发释放事件的速率降低,并在具有挑战性的条件下减慢谷氨酸的再摄取。此外,虽然野生型小鼠中的PAP在恐惧调节过程从突触回缩,但我们发现在Mlc1缺失小鼠中,这种结构可塑性在本已更短的PAP出现障碍。最后,Mlc1缺失小鼠显示情境恐惧记忆减少。总之,本研究揭示了星形胶质细胞蛋白MLC1在调节PAP结构方面的意想不到的作用。MLC1的缺失会改变兴奋性突触传递,阻止恐惧调节诱导的正常PAP重塑,并破坏情境恐惧记忆表达。因此,MLC1是调节星形胶质细胞-突触相互作用的新参与者。

关键词： MLC1 星形胶质细胞恐惧调节突触周围星形胶质细胞突起突触传递

Natal dispersal in a social landscape： Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 543-556页

作者： Tina W. WeY Orr SPIeGeL Pierre-Olivier MONTIGLIO karen e. MABRY Biology Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA Department of environmental Science & Policy University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers

关键词： Animal dispersal Animal personality Behavioral syndromes Individual differences Social landscape

effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in Shenandoah National Park,Virginia,USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1255-1270页

作者： Lauren V.Austin Alexander Silvis W.Mark Ford karen e.Powers Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Resource environmental Solutions WarrentonVA 20187USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitBlacksburgVA 24061USA Biology Department Radford UniversityRadfordVA 24141USA

Given the likelihood of regional extirpation of several once-common bat species in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome,it is critical that the impacts of forest management activities,such as prescribed fire,are known in order to minimize potentially additive negative effects on bat *** wildfires may offer a suitable surrogate to assess long-term burn impacts on bats for planning,implementing and assessing burn *** examine the effects of historic fire on bats,we sampled bat activities at 24 transect locations in burned and unburned forest stands in the central Appalachian Mountains of Shenandoah National Park(SNP),Virginia,*** was limited evidence of positive fire effects over time on hoary bats(Lasiurus cinereus Beauvois)and big brown bats(eptesicus fuscus Beauvois)***,there were few or mostly equivocal relationships of bat occupancy relative to burn conditions or time since fire in SNP across species using a false-positive occupancy *** results suggest that fire does not strongly affect bat site occupancy short-or long-term in the central Appalachians.

关键词： Appalachian mountains Bats False-positive occupancy Prescribed fire Wildfire

Importance of adapted digestion conditions to simulate in vitro lipid digestion of broilers in different life stages

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 151-158页

作者： Daphne Michels Sarah H.e.Verkempinck Agnese Panozzo karen Vermeulen Marc e.Hendrickx Liesbet Thijs Tara Grauwet Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre(LFoRCe) Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health Kemin Europa N.V.Herentals2200Belgium

In vitro digestion studies demonstrate large potential to gain more and quicker insights into the underlying mechanisms of feed additives,allowing the optimization of feed ***,current in vitro digestion models relevant for broiler chickens lack sufficient description in terms of protocols and standardisation ***,no distinction is made between the different life phases of these animals(starter,grower,and finisher).Hence,our research aimed to establish adapted in vitro digestion conditions,corresponding to the 3 life phases in broilers,with specific focus on lipid *** effect of 3 different bile salt concentrations of 2,10,and 20 mM,and 3 different lipase activities of 5,20,and 100 U/mL,on in vitro lipid digestion kinetics were evaluated using a full factorial *** values were selected to represent starter,grower,and finisher birds,*** findings showed that the extent of lipid digestion was mainly influenced by lipase *** rate of lipid digestion was affected by an interplay between bile salt concentration and lipase activity,due to possible lipase inhibition at certain bile salt ***,this work resulted in 3 in vitro lipid digestion models representative for starter,grower,and finisher *** conclusion,this research showed the impact of adapted in vitro digestion conditions on lipid digestion kinetics and thus the need for these conditions relevant for each life phase of broilers.

关键词： Lipolysis Lipase activity Bile salt In vitro digestion Broiler chicken emulsion