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Sexual dimorphism in water and nitrogen use strategies in Honckenya peploides: timing matters

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 702-712页

作者： julia.Sánchez Vilas Rubén Retuerto Organisms and Environment Division Sir Martin Evans BuildingCardiff School of BiosciencesMuseum AvenueCardiff UniversityCardiff CF103AXUK Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología Área de EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidade Santiago de CompostelaCampus VidaRúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoas/n15782 Santiago de CompostelaA CoruñaSpain

Aims Sexes of dimorphic species often differ in ecophysiological traits and display spatial *** differences have been interpreted as an evolved response of the sexes to meet the specific resource demands associated with *** may differ not only in the amount of resources allocated to reproduction but also in the tim-ing of allocation to *** this study,we hypothesize that as a consequence of their specific resource demands for reproduction,the sexes of the dune plant Honckenya peploides differ in terms of tempo-ral patterns of water use efficiency and nitrogen use and *** Water use efficiency,as inferred from leaf carbon isotope discrimi-nation(Δ^(13)C),nitrogen use,estimated by leaf nitrogen isotope com-position(δ^(15)N),and the foliar carbon and nitrogen contents were measured in males and females at three different points in *** Findings Females had greater water use efficiency than males,regardless of *** ratio of N^(15) to N^(14) did not change with time in males,but significantly decreased in August for *** total N content in the leaf tissues of females decreased as the season progressed,while in males a decrease was only found from April to June and then it remained constant from June to August.A similar pattern,but reversed,was followed by the foliar C/N ***,nega-tive relationships between leafΔ^(13)C and N content were found at all times for males and only at the end of the season for ***,our hypothesis that sex-specific patterns of nitrogen and water use efficiency will depend on time was ***,our results highlight the importance of including time in studies of sex-ual dimorphism,and also the role that physiological specialization plays in meeting the specific demands associated with reproduction.

关键词： cost of reproduction Honckenya peploides leaf nitrogen content sexual dimorphism stable isotopes water use efficiency

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Calcium phosphate coatings enhance biocompatibility and degradation resistance of magnesium alloy:Correlating in vitro and in vivo studies

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第5期6卷 1223-1229页

作者： julia.Gao Yingchao Su Yi-Xian Qin Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY11794United States

Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys are promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic ***,one of the major problems is their rapid degradation rate with quick evolution of hydrogen *** overcome this problem,calcium phosphate(CaP)coatings have been used to improve the degradation resistance and the biocompatibility of Mg *** study focuses on the comparison and correlation of the in vitro and in vivo degradation and biocompatibility behaviors of these materials.A CaP coating consisting of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate(DCPD)was deposited on an AZ60 Mg alloy by the chemical conversion ***,the in vitro degradation testing including electrochemical and immersion tests,and in vivo implantation of the CaP coated Mg alloy were conducted to compare the degradation ***,the in vitro cell behavior and in vivo bone tissue response were also compared on both uncoated and CaP-coated Mg *** showed that the CaP coating provided the Mg alloy with significantly better biodegradation behavior and *** in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility tests exhibited good consistency while not the case for *** showed that the in vitro electrochemical test could be a quick screening tool for the biodegradation rate,while the in vitro immersion degradation rate was often 2-4 folds faster than the in vivo degradation rate.

关键词： Magnesium implants Calcium phosphate Biodegradation Cytocompatibility Bone regeneration

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Disaster Tales as Communication Tool for Increasing Risk Resilience

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第3期12卷 341-354页

作者： Paola Mazzoglio Stefano Macchia Enrico Gallo julia.Winter Pierluigi Claps Department of Environment Land and Infrastructure Engineering(DIATI-Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Ambientedel Territorio e delle Infrastrutture)Politecnico di Torino10129 TorinoItaly Comune di Torino 10152 TorinoItaly PwC(PricewaterhouseCoopers)Italy 10122 TorinoItaly

Agencies in charge of flood management use disaster reports(DRs)as the preferred source of information on past flooding events.A systematic survey of DRs prepared by Italian agencies suggests that DRs could be widely enhanced in view of targeting more effective communication to citizens,reinforcing the communication pillar in civil protection planning and management,and improving the resilience of the population to extreme *** loss of the rigor and details required for all the usual technical uses of DRs,we suggest recompiling them in the form of"disaster tales"(DTs),as tools that offer wider knowledge of the events to improve people’s preparedness and self-protection *** major flooding events have demonstrated the communication potential that videos and pictures taken by citizens have for risk perception and disaster *** watching and listening to what has happened the communication recipient can better understand the feelings of the people experiencing an *** structure of the improved reports,we suggest,will finally integrate data,graphs,and maps with interactive tools and be able to present handier multimedia views of the *** to three case studies of flooding in Italy illustrates how to concretely implement the suggested disaster reports to create more readily accessible disaster tales.

关键词： Disaster communication Disaster narratives Flood risk perception Italy Storytelling

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Repression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene-Induced Defense Pathway by TGA-Interacting Glutaredoxins Depends on Their C-Terminal ALWL Motif

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 831-840页

作者： Mark Zander Shuxia Chen julia.Imkampe Corinna Thurow Christiane Gatz Albrecht-von-Hailer-Institute for Plant Sciences Georg-August-University Gottingen Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3 D-37077 Gottingen Germany College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Taicheng Road 3 Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China

Glutaredoxins are small heat-stable oxidoreductases that transfer electrons from glutathione （GSH） to oxi- dized cysteine residues, thereby contributing to protein integrity and regulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, floral glutare- doxins ROXY1 and ROXY2 and pathogen-induced ROXY19/GRX480 interact with bZIP transcription factors of the TGACG （TGA） motif-binding family. ROXY1, ROXY2, and TGA factors PERIANTHIA, TGA9, and TGA10 play essential roles in floral development. In contrast, ectopically expressed ROXY19/GRX480 negatively regulates expression of jasmonic acid （JA）/ ethylene （ET）-induced defense genes through an unknown mechanism that requires clade II transcription factors TGA2, TGA5, and/or TGA6. Here, we report that at least 17 of the 21 land plant-specific glutaredoxins encoded in the Arabidopsis genome interact with TGA2 in a yeast-two-hybrid system. To investigate their capacity to interfere with the expression of JA/ET-induced genes, we developed a transient expression system. Activation of the ORA59 （OCTADECANOID-RESPONSIVE ARABIDOPSIS AP2/ERF-domain protein 59） promoter by transcription factor EIN3 （ETHYLENE INSENSITVE 3） was sup- pressed by co-expressed ROXY19/GRX480. Suppression depended on the L＊＊LL motif in the C-terminus of ROXY19/ GRX480. This putative protein interaction domain was recently described as being essential for the TGA/ROXY interaction. Ten of the 17 tested ROXY proteins suppressed ORA59 promoter activity, which correlated with the presence of the C-terminal ALWL motif, which is essential for ROXY1 function in flower development. ROXY19/GRX480-mediated repres- sion depended on the GSH binding site, suggesting that redox modification of either TGA factors or as yet unknown target proteins is important for the suppression of ORA59 promoter activity.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cross-talk defense ethylene jasmonic acid glutaredoxins salicylic acid.

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Can back-calculated lengths based on otoliths measurements provide reliable estimates of Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)growth in the Gulf of Maine (U.S.A.)?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2017年第1期2卷 24-33页

作者： julia.Beaty Yong Chen Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council DoverDE 19904USA School of Marine Sciences University of MaineOronoME 04469USA

Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus,Linnaeus,1758)are a data-poor stock within the waters of the United *** study evaluated the use of otolith measurements to back-calculate lengths of Atlantic halibut at previous ***-calculations have proven useful for estimating length at age and growth rates of other *** the best knowledge of the authors,this study is the first to document the use of this method for Atlantic *** back-calculations rely on a few key assumptions,such as proportionality of fish length and otolith length,which are not always *** study shows that backcalculations using the Fraser-Lee method can provide reasonable estimates of Atlantic halibut length at previous ages,especially when samples from young halibut are included to improve estimates of the intercept of the linear *** on back-calculated estimates,female and male halibut in the Gulf of Maine showed different growth rates after age *** was no evidence of changes in growth rates over an approximately 15 year time *** caught in the Gulf of Maine and on the neighboring Scotian Shelf showed some differences in growth rates;however,the results did not support strong conclusions about differences between the two regions as the direction of the differences was not consistent between the sexes and previous tagging studies have shown extensive movement between the two *** finding of reasonably accurate back-calculated lengths at previous ages is important for this data-poor species,as back-calculations increase the amount of information that can be obtained from otoliths.

关键词： Otolith Back-calculation Growth Gulf of Maine Hippoglossus hippoglossus

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Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in the Global South:A Review

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Rice science 2023年第3期30卷 186-206,I0021-I0034页

作者： julia.CHECCO Fathin Ayuni AZIZAN Jaquie MITCHELL Ammar Abdul AZIZ School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandGatton 4343QueenslandAustralia Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisArau 02600PerlisMalaysia

Improved rice varieties(IRVs)play a significant role in establishing food security and improving livelihood in the Global South since its introduction in the ***,the adoption of new IRVs has remained relatively *** low adoption poses a challenge to rice-producing and consuming countries as they are increasingly threatened by production shortages,malnutrition,and poor rice *** empirical studies have attempted to identify the determinants influencing the adoption of IRVs by distinguishing the characteristics between adopters and *** review showed a consensus on the important determinants influencing the adoption of IRVs in the Global *** synthesized from 99 studies suggested that variables(farm size,education,information access and farm location)examined extensively are not necessarily the most important determinants of adoption when undertaking a weighted ***,source of seed and technology-related attributes(perceived yield,maturity,ease of use,marketability and technical efficiency)are more important determinants of adoption,with determinants changing according to adoption type(probability or intensity of adoption),variety type and *** recommendations for future adoption studies include:incorporating more technology-specific variables,increasing research for overlooked regions and variety types,shifting away from predominant static analysis by capturing the dynamics of the adoption process,and considering the potential biases in *** review will facilitate the development of targeted interventions and policies that promote IRV adoption in the Global South.

关键词： technology adoption improved rice variety systematic literature review the Global South

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Simulation of four respiratory viruses and inference of epidemiological parameters

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 23-34页

作者： julia.Reis Jeffrey Shaman a Biological Systems Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

While influenza has been simulated extensively to better understand its behavior and predict future outbreaks,most other respiratory viruses have seldom been *** this study,we provide an overview of four common respiratory viral infections:respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),respiratory adenovirus,rhinovirus and parainfluenza,present specimen data collected 2004e2014,and simulate outbreaks in 19 overlapping regions in the United *** a compartmental model and data assimilation methods,we infer key epidemiological parameters governing transmission:the basic reproductive number R0 and length of infection *** had been previously simulated,and our mean estimate of D and R0 of 5.2 days and 2.8,respectively,are within published clinical and modeling *** the four virus groupings,mean estimates of R0 range from 2.3 to 3.0,with a lower and upper quartile range of 2.0e2.8 and 2.6e3.2,*** rapid PCR testing becomes more common,estimates of the observed virulence and duration of infection for these viruses could inform decision making by clinicians and officials for managing patient treatment and response.

关键词： respiratory parameters estimates

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Leaf photosynthesis and simulated carbon budget of Gentiana straminea from a decade-long warming experiment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 207-216页

作者： Haihua Shen julia.AKlein Xinquan Zhao Yanhong Tang Environmental Biology Division National Institute for Environmental StudiesOnogawa 16-2TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan Department of Forest Rangeland&Watershed StewardshipColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina

Aims Alpine ecosystems may experience larger temperature increases due to global warming as compared with lowland *** on physiological adjustment of alpine plants to temperature changes can provide insights into our understanding how these plants are responding to current and future *** tested the hypothesis that alpine plants would exhibit acclimation in photosynthesis and respiration under long-term elevated temperature,and the acclimation may relatively increase leaf carbon gain under warming *** Open-top chambers(OTCs)were set up for a period of 11 years to artificially increase the temperature in an alpine meadow *** measured leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration under different light,temperature and ambient CO_(2)concentrations for Gentiana straminea,a species widely distributed on the Tibetan *** rates of the photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max)),RuBP carboxylation(V_(cmax))and temperature sensitivity of respiration Q10 were obtained from the *** further estimated the leaf carbon budget of *** using the physiological parameters and environmental variables obtained in the *** findings 1)The OTCs consistently elevated the daily mean air temperature by;1.6℃and soil temperature by;0.5℃during the growing season.2)Despite the small difference in the temperature environment,there was strong tendency in the temperature acclimation of *** estimated temperature optimum of light-saturated photosynthetic CO_(2)uptake(A_(max))shifted;1℃higher from the plants under the ambient regime to those under the OTCs warming regime,and the Amax was significantly lower in the warming-acclimated leaves than the leaves outside the OTCs.3)Temperature acclimation of respiration was large and significant:the dark respiration rates of leaves developed in the warming regime were significantly lower than leaves from the ambient environments.4)The simulated net leaf carbon gain

关键词： alpine plant acclimation experimental warming open-top chamber photosynthesis temperature

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Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in proteinrestricted pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1083-1098页

作者： Mohammad Habibi Cedrick NShili julia.Sutton Parniyan Goodarzi Adel Pezeshki Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State University206C Animal Science BuildingStillwaterOK 74078USA

Background:Very low-protein(VLP)diets negatively impact calcium(Ca)metabolism and *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and limiting amino acids(LAA)on Ca digestibility,absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP ***-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments:positive control(PC),negative control(NC),and NC containing LAA 25%,LAA 50%,LAA+BCAA 25%(LB25)and LAA+BCAA 50%(LB50)more than ***:Relative to PC or NC,LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus(P),but lower plasma vitamin ***50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut,but decreased mRNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(PTH1R),calbindin 1(CALB1),cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small ***50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1R but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5,CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in ***:Overall,BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Calcium absorption and reabsorption Calcium digestibility Pig Very low protein diets

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Microbiota alterations in acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation of cats and dogs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16489-16497页

作者： julia.B Honneffer Yasushi Minamoto Jan S Suchodolski Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clini-cal Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 United States

The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.

关键词： Microbiome 16S rRNA Inflammatory bowel disease Probiotic Dog Cat

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