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Sexual dimorphism in water and nitrogen use strategies in Honckenya peploides: timing matters

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 702-712页

作者： julia Sánchez Vilas rubén retuerto Organisms and Environment Division Sir Martin Evans BuildingCardiff School of BiosciencesMuseum AvenueCardiff UniversityCardiff CF103AXUK Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología Área de EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidade Santiago de CompostelaCampus VidaRúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoas/n15782 Santiago de CompostelaA CoruñaSpain

Aims Sexes of dimorphic species often differ in ecophysiological traits and display spatial *** differences have been interpreted as an evolved response of the sexes to meet the specific resource demands associated with *** may differ not only in the amount of resources allocated to reproduction but also in the tim-ing of allocation to *** this study,we hypothesize that as a consequence of their specific resource demands for reproduction,the sexes of the dune plant Honckenya peploides differ in terms of tempo-ral patterns of water use efficiency and nitrogen use and *** Water use efficiency,as inferred from leaf carbon isotope discrimi-nation(Δ^(13)C),nitrogen use,estimated by leaf nitrogen isotope com-position(δ^(15)N),and the foliar carbon and nitrogen contents were measured in males and females at three different points in *** Findings Females had greater water use efficiency than males,regardless of *** ratio of N^(15) to N^(14) did not change with time in males,but significantly decreased in August for *** total N content in the leaf tissues of females decreased as the season progressed,while in males a decrease was only found from April to June and then it remained constant from June to August.A similar pattern,but reversed,was followed by the foliar C/N ***,nega-tive relationships between leafΔ^(13)C and N content were found at all times for males and only at the end of the season for ***,our hypothesis that sex-specific patterns of nitrogen and water use efficiency will depend on time was ***,our results highlight the importance of including time in studies of sex-ual dimorphism,and also the role that physiological specialization plays in meeting the specific demands associated with reproduction.

关键词： cost of reproduction Honckenya peploides leaf nitrogen content sexual dimorphism stable isotopes water use efficiency

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Can back-calculated lengths based on otoliths measurements provide reliable estimates of Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)growth in the Gulf of Maine (U.S.A.)?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2017年第1期2卷 24-33页

作者： julia Beaty Yong Chen Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council DoverDE 19904USA School of Marine Sciences University of MaineOronoME 04469USA

Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus,Linnaeus,1758)are a data-poor stock within the waters of the United *** study evaluated the use of otolith measurements to back-calculate lengths of Atlantic halibut at previous ***-calculations have proven useful for estimating length at age and growth rates of other *** the best knowledge of the authors,this study is the first to document the use of this method for Atlantic *** back-calculations rely on a few key assumptions,such as proportionality of fish length and otolith length,which are not always *** study shows that backcalculations using the Fraser-Lee method can provide reasonable estimates of Atlantic halibut length at previous ages,especially when samples from young halibut are included to improve estimates of the intercept of the linear *** on back-calculated estimates,female and male halibut in the Gulf of Maine showed different growth rates after age *** was no evidence of changes in growth rates over an approximately 15 year time *** caught in the Gulf of Maine and on the neighboring Scotian Shelf showed some differences in growth rates;however,the results did not support strong conclusions about differences between the two regions as the direction of the differences was not consistent between the sexes and previous tagging studies have shown extensive movement between the two *** finding of reasonably accurate back-calculated lengths at previous ages is important for this data-poor species,as back-calculations increase the amount of information that can be obtained from otoliths.

关键词： Otolith Back-calculation Growth Gulf of Maine Hippoglossus hippoglossus

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Simulation of four respiratory viruses and inference of epidemiological parameters

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 23-34页

作者： julia reis Jeffrey Shaman a Biological Systems Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

While influenza has been simulated extensively to better understand its behavior and predict future outbreaks,most other respiratory viruses have seldom been *** this study,we provide an overview of four common respiratory viral infections:respiratory syncytial virus(rSV),respiratory adenovirus,rhinovirus and parainfluenza,present specimen data collected 2004e2014,and simulate outbreaks in 19 overlapping regions in the United *** a compartmental model and data assimilation methods,we infer key epidemiological parameters governing transmission:the basic reproductive number r0 and length of infection *** had been previously simulated,and our mean estimate of D and r0 of 5.2 days and 2.8,respectively,are within published clinical and modeling *** the four virus groupings,mean estimates of r0 range from 2.3 to 3.0,with a lower and upper quartile range of 2.0e2.8 and 2.6e3.2,*** rapid PCr testing becomes more common,estimates of the observed virulence and duration of infection for these viruses could inform decision making by clinicians and officials for managing patient treatment and response.

关键词： respiratory parameters estimates

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Microbiota alterations in acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation of cats and dogs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16489-16497页

作者： julia B Honneffer Yasushi Minamoto Jan S Suchodolski Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clini-cal Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 United States

The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.

关键词： Microbiome 16S rrNA Inflammatory bowel disease Probiotic Dog Cat

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Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in proteinrestricted pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1083-1098页

作者： Mohammad Habibi Cedrick NShili julia Sutton Parniyan Goodarzi Adel Pezeshki Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State University206C Animal Science BuildingStillwaterOK 74078USA

Background:Very low-protein(VLP)diets negatively impact calcium(Ca)metabolism and *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and limiting amino acids(LAA)on Ca digestibility,absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP ***-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments:positive control(PC),negative control(NC),and NC containing LAA 25%,LAA 50%,LAA+BCAA 25%(LB25)and LAA+BCAA 50%(LB50)more than ***:relative to PC or NC,LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus(P),but lower plasma vitamin ***50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut,but decreased mrNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(PTH1r),calbindin 1(CALB1),cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small ***50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1r but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5,CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in ***:Overall,BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Calcium absorption and reabsorption Calcium digestibility Pig Very low protein diets

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Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVr12

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 8050-8059页

作者： Christoph r Werner julia M Schwarz Daniel P Egetemeyr robert Beck Nisar P Malek Ulrich M Lauer Christoph P Berg Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectiology University Hospital Tübingen Institute of Medical Virology University Hospital Tübingen

AIM To gather data on the antiviral efficacy and safety of second generation direct acting antiviral(DAA) treatment with respect to sustained virological response(SVr) 12 wk after conclusion of treatment, and to determine predictors of SVr12 in this *** Two hundred and sixty patients treated with SOF combination partners Pr(n = 51), r(n = 10), SMV(n = 30), DCV(n = 81), LDV(n = 73), or 3D(n = 15).144/260 were pre-treated, 89/260 had liver cirrhosis, 56/260 had portal hypertension with platelets re ≥ 10 and 17/260 were postliver transplantation patients. 194/260 had HCV GT1, 44/260 HCV *** Two hundred and forty/256(93.7%) patients achieved SVr12(m ITT); 4/260 were lost to follow-up. SVr12 rates for subgroups were: 92% for SOF/DCV, 93% for each SOF/SMV, SOF/Pr, 94% for SOF/LDV, 100% for 3D, 94% for pretreated, 87% for liver cirrhosis, 82% for patients with platelets r transplantation, 95% for GT1 a, 93% for GT1 b, 90% for GT3, 100% for GT2, 4, and 6. 12 patients suffered from relapse, 6 prematurely discontinued treatment, of which 4 died. Negative predictors of SVr12 were a platelet count re ≥ 10(P r cirrhosis(P = 0.005) at baseline. In Interferonfree treatment GT3 had significantly lower SVr rates than GT1(P = 0.016). Side effects were mild. CONCLUSION Excellent SVr12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into "real-world". Patients with advanced liver disease, signs of portal hypertension, especially with platelets re in special need for further research efforts to overcome comparatively higher rates of virological failure.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Ledipasvir Hepatitis C Liver transplant Sustained virological response Liver cirrhosis Side effects resistance Daclatasvir

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Environmental Impacts of the Yangtze Three Gorges Project: An Overview of the Chinese-German research Cooperation

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 817-823页

作者： Günter Subklew julia Ulrich Leander Fürst Agnes Hltkemeier Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze river in China has a great influence on the ecosystems involved. In order to investigate these environmental effects in the Yangtze catchment area as well as downstream of the dam, Forschungszentrum Julich has organized a research network for the Chinese and Germaa partners. In the research fields of （1） interaction water/ sediment/contaminants, （2） vegetation/biodiversity, （3） changing land use/erosion/mass movements, and （4） atmosphere, the partners have accumulated a great deal of expertise in handling major issues and also in developing models and recommendations for action. The following provides an overview of the research network and the research tasks. On the German side, five projects in research field （3） have been in operation since 2008. The results are reported in contributions by Ehret et al., Jaehnig and Cai, Schonbrodt et al., and Seeber et al.. Another five projects in research field （1） have started by September 2010. The research tasks undertaken in these five projects are presented below.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze river environmental research ecosystem.

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Continuity Culture:A Key Factor for Building resilience and Sound recovery Capabilities

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 428-437页

作者： Ihab Hanna S.Sawalha John r.Anchor julia Meaton risk Management Department The American University of Madaba(AUM) Department of Strategy Marketing and EconomicsUniversity of Huddersfield Business School

This article investigates the extent to which Jordanian service organizations seek to establish continuity culture through testing, training, and updating of their business continuity plans. A survey strategy was adopted in this research. Primary and secondary data were *** interviews were conducted with five senior managers from five large Jordanian service organizations registered with the Amman Stock Exchange. The selection of organizations was made on the basis of simple random sampling. Interviews targeted the headquarters only in order to obtain a homogenous sample. Three out of five organizations could be regarded as crisis prepared and have better chances for recovery. The other two organizations exhibited characteristics of standard practice that only emphasizes the recovery aspect of business continuity management(BCM), while paying less attention to establishing resilient cultures and embedding BCM. The findings reveal that the ability to recover following major incidents can be improved by embedding BCM in the culture of the organization and by making BCM an enterprise-wide process. This is one of few meticulous studies that have been undertaken in the Middle East and the first in Jordan to investigate the extent to which service organizations focus on embedding BCM in the organizational culture.

关键词： Business continuity Jordan Organizational culture and resilience Services sector

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re-evaluating the importance of carbohydrates as regenerative biomaterials

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regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Heidi F.Oldenkamp julia E.Vela ramirez Nicholas A.Peppas Institute for Biomaterials Drug Deliveryand Regenerative Medicine McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Introduction Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural biomaterials in the *** interacting with cells of a variety of levels,they take part in essential functions of organisms including cellular communication,inflammation,infection development and *** carbohydrate–cell interactions occur on a variety of levels through glycoconjugates such as glycolipids,glycosaminoglycans(GAGs),glycoproteins and proteoglycans[1–4].The roles of carbohydrates in biological systems pose them as some of the most sought-after *** use of these multifaceted molecules provides the opportunity to tailor desired responses depending on the target application[1–5].

关键词： carbohydrate regenerative biomaterials polysaccharide tissue engineering

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Geospatial web services pave new ways for server-based on-demand access and processing of Big Earth Data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第1期11卷 7-25页

作者： julia Wagemann Oliver Clements ramiro Marco Figuera Angelo Pio rossi Simone Mantovani Forecast Department European Centre for Medium-Range Weather ForecastsReadingUK remote Sensing Group Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany MEEO S.r.l. FerraraItaly

Big Earth Data has experienced a considerable increase in volume in recent years due to improved sensing technologies and improvement of numerical-weather prediction *** traditional geospatial data analysis workflow hinders the use of large volumes of geospatial data due to limited disc space and computing *** web service technologies bring new opportunities to access large volumes of Big Earth Data via the Internet and to process them at *** practical examples are presented from the marine,climate,planetary and earth observation science communities to show how the standard interface Web Coverage Service and its processing extension can be integrated into the traditional geospatial data *** service technologies offer a time-and cost-effective way to access multidimensional data in a user-tailored format and allow for rapid application development or time-series *** transport is minimised and enhanced processing capabilities are *** research is required to investigate web service implementations in an operational mode and large data centres have to become more progressive towards the adoption of geo-data standard *** the same time,data users have to become aware of the advantages of web services and be trained how to benefit from them most.

关键词： Geospatial web services interoperability Big Earth Data open data Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC)

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