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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang Che li-Hong Zhu Shu-juan Zhang Ji-Yuan Lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as the significant disturbance of stresses at thes

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

Prognostic prediction model of colorectal cancer based on preoperative serum tumor markers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1344-1353页

作者： Yu-Hang Diao Si-Qi Rao Xin-Peng Shu Yong Cheng Can Tan li-juan Wang Dong Peng Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China

BACKGROUND Preoperative serum tumor markers not only play a role in the auxiliary diagnosis and postoperative monitoring in colorectal cancer(CRC),but also have been found to have potential prognostic value.AIM To analyze whether preoperative serum tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),affect the prognosis of CRC.METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted in a single center.Patients with nonmetastatic CRC who underwent initial surgery between January 2011 and January 2020 were enrolled and divided into development site and validation site groups at a ratio of 7:3.The independent prognostic factors were screened by Cox regression analysis,and finally,a prognostic nomogram model was established.The newly developed model was tested by internal validation.RESULTS Eventually,3526 postoperative patients with nonmetastatic CRC were included in the study.There were 2473 patients at the development site and 1056 patients at the validation site.Age(Plidation sites were 0.655 and 0.658,respectively.The calibration plot also showed the significant performance of the newly established nomogram.CONCLUSION We successfully constructed a nomogram model based on age,TNM stage,preoperative CEA,and CA19-9 levels to evaluate the overall survival of patients with nonmetastatic CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Prognosis Carcinoembryonic antigen Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 Nomogram

Construction of nanocarriers based on nucleic acids and their applications in nanobiology delivery systems

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 181-195页

作者： Yingshu Guo Xiuping Cao Xiaofei Zheng Sk Jahir Abbas Juan Li Weihong Tan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi University Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In recent years,nanocarriers based on nucleic acids have emerged as powerful and novel nanocarriers that are able to meet the demand for cancer-cell-specific targeting.Functional dynamics analysis revealed good bio compatibility,low toxicity and programmable structures,and their advantages include controllable size and modifiability.The development of novel hybrids has focused on the distinct roles of biosensing,drug and gene delivery,vaccine transport,photosensitization,counteracting drug resistance and functioning as carriers and logic gates.This review is divided into three parts:(ⅰ) DNA nanocarriers,(ⅱ) RNA nanocarriers and(ⅲ) DNA/RNA hybrid nanocarriers and their applications in nanobiology delivery systems.We also provide perspectives on possible future directions for growth in this field.

关键词： nanocarriers based on nucleic acids biosensing targeted delivery cell

China's Contribution to Global Human Rights Governance

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中国新闻发布(英文版) 2024年第5期 32-35页

作者： li juan the Human Rigbts Researcb Center of Central South University of China

In its journey of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics,China has prioritized the right to subsistence and development as the foremost basic human rights.It has introduced a variety of constructive concepts and initiatives that align with modern trends and address international concerns,thus contributing Chinese insights to the global human rights discourse.

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Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the photoinduced autophagy of retinal pigment epithelium cells

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 23-30页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Gao Juan Li Jie Huang Wu-Jun li Yang Yu Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yulin 719000Shaanxi ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in photoinduced injuries in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells and how Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)contributes to the increased of RPE cells to photoinduced autophagy.METHODS:In vitro cultures of human RPE strains(ARPE-19)were prepared and randomly divided into the blank control,model,low-dose LBP,middle-dose LBP,high-dose LBP,and 3-methyladenine(3MA)groups.The viability of the RPE cells and apoptosis levels in each group were tested through cell counting kit-8(CCK8)method with a flow cytometer(Annexin V/PI double staining technique).The expression levels of LC3II,LC3I,and P62 proteins were detected with the immunofluorescence method.The expression levels of beclin1,LC3,P62,PI3K,P-mTOR,mTOR,P-Akt,and Akt proteins were tested through Western blot.RESULTS:LBP considerably strengthens cell viability and inhibits the apoptosis of RPE cells after photoinduction.The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway is activated because of the upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR proteins,and thus autophagy is inhibited.CONCLUSION:LBP can inhibit the excessive autophagy in RPE cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and thereby protect RPE cells from photoinduced injuries.

关键词： autophagy Lycium barbarum polysaccharide retinal pigment epithelial cell photoinduced apoptosis

Intracontinental lithospheric delamination:Constraints from imaging the mantle transition zone beneath the southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin

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中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2340-2352页

作者： Fan YANG Juan Li Sidan CHEN Yun CHEN Long li Yinshuang AI Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou510640China

The southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin(SW-SCB)is adjacent to the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.Affected by the Indo-Eurasian collision and subsequent intrusion of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate during the Cenozoic,this region is ideal for the study of the tectonic evolution of the intracontinental lithosphere and the dynamic processes of deep and shallow structures.In this study,we applied the receiver function technique to the data obtained from a recently deployed high-density broadband seismic array across the Sichuan Basin and Sichuan-Yunnan block(SCB-SYB).We conducted a multi-frequency and multi-model correction analysis to image the structure of the mantle transition zone beneath this region.The results showed the660-km discontinuity gradually increasing in depth by 10-30 km beneath the western side of the Anninghe-Xiaojiang Fault,suggesting the presence of thermal anomalies caused by the subducted Indian plate from west to east.At the junction of the SCBSYB,the 410-km discontinuity exhibited a slight uplift of 5-10 km,while the 660-km discontinuity showed a significant depression of~30 km over a lateral range of~150 km.Based on previous surface GPS observation and dynamic numerical simulation studies,we suggest that the sharp lateral small-scale topography of this 660-km discontinuity beneath the SW-SCB may have resulted from dripping delamination of the lithosphere within the strain localization area.Furthermore,the aggregation of delaminated lithospheric material at the base of the 660-km discontinuity determines the regional topography of mantle transition zone discontinuities.In this study,we provided seismological evidence for the challenging detection of small-scale intracontinental lithosphere dripping delamination.Moreover,it provides a new view for studying deep and shallow dynamic processes in intracontinental regions with stress concentration resulting from plate/continental subduction and collision.

关键词： Mantle transition zone Receiver function Southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin Dripping lithospheric delamination Sichuan-Yunnan block

High-performance terahertz modulators induced by substrate field in Te-based all-2D heterojunctions

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 577-586页

作者： Pujing Zhang Qihang liang Qingli Zhou Jinyu Chen Menglei li Yuwang Deng Wanlin liang liangliang Zhang Qinghua Zhang lin Gu Chen Ge Kui-juan Jin Cunlin Zhang Guozhen Yang Department of Physics Key Laboratory of Terahertz OptoelectronicsMinistry of Educationand Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and TechnologyCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced MaterialsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

High-performance active terahertz modulators as the indispensable core components are of great importance for the next generation communication technology.However,they currently suffer from the tradeoff between modulation depth and speed.Here,we introduce two-dimensional(2D)tellurium(Te)nanofilms with the unique structure as a new class of optically controlled terahertz modulators and demonstrate their integrated heterojunctions can successfully improve the device performances to the optimal and applicable levels among the existing all-2D broadband modulators.Further photoresponse measurements confirm the significant impact of the stacking order.We first clarify the direction of the substrate-induced electric field through first-principles calculations and uncover the unusual interaction mechanism in the photoexcited carrier dynamics associated with the charge transfer and interlayer exciton recombination.This advances the fundamental and applicative research of Te nanomaterials in high-performance terahertz optoelectronics.

关键词： performance field terahertz

Molecular Simulations in Macromolecular Science

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第9期41卷 1361-1370,I0005页

作者： Duo Xu Hai-Xiao Wan Xue-Rong Yao Juan Li li-Tang Yan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry SINOPECBeijing100013Chin

Molecular simulations are now an essential part of modern chemistry and physics,especially for the investigation of macromolecules.They have evolved into mature approaches that can be used effectively to understand the structure-to-property relationships of diverse macromolecular systems.In this article,we provide a tutorial on molecular simulations,focusing on the technical and practical aspects.Several prominent and classical simulation methods and software are introduced.The applications of molecular simulations in various directions of macromolecular science are thenfeatured by representative systems,including self-assembly,crystallization,chemical reaction,and some typical non-equilibrium systems.This tutorial paper provides a useful overview of molecular simulations in the rapid progress of macromolecular science,and suggests guidance for researchers who start exploiting molecular simulations in their study.

关键词： Molecular simulation Coarse-grained molecular dynamics Multi-scale method Polymer physics

GmAP1d regulates flowering time under long-day photoperiods in soybean

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 845-855页

作者： Shiyu Guo Yanfei li Hongmei Qiu Guoyu Hu Chaosen Zhao Ruizhen Wang Hao Zhang Yu Tian Xiaoyu li Bin liu Ying-hui li li-juan Qiu College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030HeilongjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization(MARA) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean Changchun 130033JilinChina Crop Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031AnhuiChina Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology Nanchang 330200JiangxiChina Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Flowering time is important for adaptation of soybean(Glycine max)to different environments.Here,we conducted a genome-wide association study of flowering time using a panel of 1490 cultivated soybean accessions.We identified three strong signals at the qFT02-2 locus(Chr02:12037319–12238569),which were associated with flowering time in three environments:Gongzhuling,Mengcheng,and Nanchang.By analyzing linkage disequilibrium,gene expression patterns,gene annotation,and the diversity of variants,we identified an AP1 homolog as the candidate gene for the qFT02-2 locus,which we named GmAP1d.Only one nonsynonymous polymorphism existed among 1490 soybean accessions at position Chr02:12087053.Accessions carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele flowered significantly earlier than those carrying the Chr02:12087053-A allele.Thus,we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS)marker for the SNP at Chr02:12087053,which is suitable for marker-assisted breeding of flowering time.Knockout of GmAP1d in the‘Williams 82’background by gene editing promoted flowering under long-day conditions,confirming that GmAP1d is the causal gene for qFT02-2.An analysis of the region surrounding GmAP1d revealed that GmAP1d was artificially selected during the genetic improvement of soybean.Through stepwise selection,the proportion of modern cultivars carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele has increased,and this allele has become nearly fixed(95%)in northern China.These findings provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of flowering time in soybean and a target gene that can be used for breeding modern soybean cultivars adapted to different latitudes.

关键词： Soybean Flowering time GWAS GmAP1d Long-day conditions