Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing
作者机构：Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal MinesSchool of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentPetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Limited CompanyDaqing163458HeilongjiangChina
出 版 物：《Petroleum Science》 (石油科学（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2024年第21卷第2期
页 面：1081-1098页
核心收录：
学科分类：0820[工学-石油与天然气工程] 08[工学] 082002[工学-油气田开发工程]
基 金：funded by the joint fund of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2902101) National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374084) Open Foundation of National Energy shale gas R&D(experiment) center(2022-KFKT-12) the 111 Project(B17009)
主 题：Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault
摘 要：Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as
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