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What is the effect of Tribulus terrestris on testicular morphology and sperm production?An experimental study in the rat model

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 67-70页

作者： Marcello Henrique Araujo Da Silva Gabriela Faria Buys-Goncalves Joao Henrique Duque Reis Estrada Francisco jose Barcellos Sampaio Diogo Benchimol de Souza Urogenital Research Unit Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro 20551-030RJBrazil

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent *** male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt *** 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were *** addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical *** were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P<*** concentration,motility,and viability showed no difference between the ***,testicular weight and volume,seminiferous tubule diameter,tunica propria surface density,seminiferous epithelium surface density,and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the ***,seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with *** with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology,promoting only subtle *** difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.

关键词： morphometry testicle Tribulus terrestris

Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina Lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(LRR-MAL RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of glycans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

Analysis of the Role of Syntactic Complexity in Students’ Reading Comprehension: A Teacher’s Perspective

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第8期8卷 253-264页

作者： Ma.Leticia jose C.Basilan Daniel Reds G.De Sagun DepEd Batangas Province BatangasPhilippines Batangas State University BatangasPhilippines Rizal College of Taal Taal BatangasBatangasPhilippines

This study examines the role of the syntactic complexity of the text in the reading comprehension skills of *** the qualitative method of research,this paper used structured interview questions as the main data-gathering *** language teachers from Coral na Munti National High School were selected as the respondents of the *** of the study suggests that the syntactic complexity of the text affects the reading comprehension of the *** found it challenging to understand the message that the author conveyed if he or she used a large number of phrases and clauses in one ***,the complex sentence syntactic structure was deemed the most challenging for students to *** overcome said challenges in comprehending text,various reading intervention programs were utilized by *** interventions include focused or targeted instruction and the implementation of the Project Dear,suggested by the Department of *** programs were proven to help students improve their comprehension as well as their knowledge in syntactical structure of *** study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate reading materials and implementing suitable reading intervention programs to enhance students’comprehension skills.

关键词： Reading comprehension Syntactic complexity Reading intervention program Syntactic structure

A new oxidative pathway of nitric oxide production from oximes in plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 178-198页

作者： Pedro Lopez-Gomez Javier Buezo Marina Urra Alfonso Cornejo Raquel Esteban Jorge Fernandez de los Reyes Estibaliz Urarte Estefania Rodriguez-Dobreva Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia Alejandro Eguaras Sebastian Wolf Daniel Marino Victor Martinez-Merino jose F.Moran Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology(IMAB) Department of SciencesPublic University of Navarre(UPNA)Avda.de Pamplona 12331192 MutilvaSpain Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics(INAMAT2) Department of SciencesPublic University of Navarre(UPNA)Campus de Arosadia31006 PamplonaSpain Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Sarriena s/nApdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain Center for Plant Molecular Biology(ZMBP) University of TubingenGeschwister-Scholl-Platz72074 TubingenGermany Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca(IRNASA) Department of Plant-Microorganism InteractionsSpanish National Research Council(CSIC)Cordel de Merinas40-5237008SalamancaSpain Department of Biochemistry Area of Molecular BiologyVeterinary FacultyUniversity of LeonCampus de Vegazanas/n.24071 LeonSpain

Nitric oxide(NO)is an essential reactive oxygen species and a signal molecule in *** several studies have proposed the occurrence of oxidative NO production,only reductive routes for NO production,such as the nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))-upper-reductase pathway,have been evidenced to date in land ***,plants grown axenically with ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen exhibit contents of nitrite and NO3−,evidencing the existence of a metabolic pathway for oxidative production of *** hypothesized that oximes,such as indole-3-acetaldoxime(IAOx),a precursor to indole-3-acetic acid,are intermediate oxidation products in NO *** detected the production of NO from IAOx and other oximes catalyzed by peroxidase(POD)enzyme using both 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorescein fluorescence and *** stimulated the reaction,while superoxide dismutase inhibited ***,mouse NO synthase can also use IAOx to produce NO at a lower rate than *** provided a full mechanism for POD-dependent NO production from IAOx consistent with the experimental data and supported by density functional theory *** showed that the addition of IAOx to extracts from Medicago truncatula increased the in vitro production of NO,while in vivo supplementation of IAOx and other oximes increased the number of lateral roots,as shown for NO donors,and a more than 10-fold increase in IAOx dehydratase ***,we found that in vivo supplementation of IAOx increased NO production in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants,while prx33-34 mutant plants,defective in POD33-34,had reduced *** data show that the release of NO by IAOx,as well as its auxinic effect,explain the superroot ***,our study reveals that plants produce NO utilizing diverse molecules such as oximes,POD,and flavins,which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom,thus introducing a long-awaited oxidative pathway to NO production in plants.T

关键词： ammonium oxidation auxin nitric oxide oxime peroxidase root phenotype

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-Leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez Luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 230-257页

作者： Sha Sun Gan Zhao Mingkang Jia Qing Jiang Shulin Li Haibin Wang Wenjing Li Yunyun Wang Xin Bian Yan G.Zhao Xun Huang Ge Yang Huaqing Cai jose C.Pastor-Pareja Liang Ge Chuanmao Zhang Junjie Hu National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of BiophysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Computational Biology&Machine Intelligence School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Brain Research Center Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Neurosciences Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante 03550Spain

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER),which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets,forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic *** a result,it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites(MCSs).These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling,including fusion and fission,facilitate precise lipid exchange,and couple vital signaling ***,we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar *** molecular basis,cellular influence,and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria,Golgi,endosomes,lysosomes,lipid droplets,autophagosomes,and plasma membrane are summarized.

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope mitochondria Golgi apparatus endosome lysosome lipid droplets autophagosome plasma membrane membrane contact site

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葡萄牙山火危机

财新周刊 2024年第38期 12-13页

作者： jose Coelho(图) 东方IC

当地时间2024年9月17日,葡萄牙北部,民众因山火持续肆虐紧急撤离。截至当地时间9月18日7时,该国仍有114起火灾处在活跃状态,超过5000名消防人员和1600辆消防车辆投入灭火工作,当地政府连夜疏散火场附近居民,部分高速路段被迫关闭。葡萄... 详细信息

当地时间2024年9月17日,葡萄牙北部,民众因山火持续肆虐紧急撤离。截至当地时间9月18日7时,该国仍有114起火灾处在活跃状态,超过5000名消防人员和1600辆消防车辆投入灭火工作,当地政府连夜疏散火场附近居民,部分高速路段被迫关闭。葡萄牙海洋与大气研究所的消息显示,由于天气炎热,该国9个大区的超过50个市镇面临火灾风险。截至18日,葡萄牙本轮火灾已造成7人死亡。据统计葡萄牙波尔图市以南地区的山林火灾已经烧毁1.5572万公顷土地。此前,葡萄牙政府部门呼吁欧盟国家派遣消防队增援,西班牙、意大利和希腊已提供了支援。

关键词：消防人员灭火工作消防车辆火灾风险山火消防队葡萄牙活跃状态

The Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Related Comorbidities among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients Attending the Same Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 523-540页

作者： jose Gaby Tshikuka Matshwenyego Boitshwarelo Shimeles Genna Hamda Roy Tapera Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda Marie Esako Onokoko Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Health Sciences National Pedagogical University Kinshasa I Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Mbuji-Mayi Mbuji-Mayi Congo School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ART, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients;ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ART and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019;294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ART. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. Results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2;145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight;72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight;53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese;125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese;ii) the prevalence of HTN a

关键词： Overweight/Obesity Related Comorbidities HIV-Positive HIV-Negative

Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv Ryan Belma Skender jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno P.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Department of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function,amyloid pathology,and ***:Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)plasma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)plasma from sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,amyloid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were *** plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduced atrophy by 50.0%(p<0.001)in amyloid-β-treated *** vivo exercised plasma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid plaque pathology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathological stage,when compared to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary ***:Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons Plasma transfusion