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Antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of Clausena anisata

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第3期5卷 214-219页

作者： Jude e Okokon ette O etebong john A Udobang Grace e essien Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria

Objective:Antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of the leaf extract and fractions of Clausena anisata(***) were evaluated for antimalarial and analgesic ***:The crude leaf extract(39-117mg/kg) and fractions(chloroform and acqeous;78mg/kg) of C. anisata were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(***) infections in mice using suppressive,prophylactic and curative models and analgesic activity against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced ***,5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine,1.2mg/kg were used as positive *** films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the ***:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive *** in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in *** reductions were statistically significant(Pey also improved the mean survival time(MST) from 17 to 21 days relative to control(Pemically and thermally-induced pains,the extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in *** inhibitions were statistically significant(Pe-dependent fashion. Conclusions:The antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through its chemical constituents and it can be concluded that the *** possess significant antimalarial and analgesic properties.

关键词： Clausena anisata antiplasmodial antimalarial analgesic

Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 60-76页

作者： Sophie e.moore Rosana e Norman Shuichi Suetani Hannah J Thomas Peter D Sly James G Scott Child Health Research Centre the University of Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innova-tion Queensland University of Technology School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research the Park Centre for Mental Health Faculty of Medicine the University of Queensland the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research the University of Queensland Metro North Mental Health Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital

AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal *** A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, eMBASe, eRIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research *** Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for *** significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.

关键词： Bullying Victimization Systematic review Meta-analysis Child Adolescent

Improved significance testing of wavelet power spectrum near data boundaries as applied to polar research

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Advances in Polar Science 2011年第3期22卷 192-198页

作者： ZHANG ZhiHua john C moore College of Global Change and earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology/College of Global Change and earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Arctic Centre University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland Department of earth Sciences Uppsala University Sweden

When one applies the wavelet transform to analyze finite-length time series, discontinuities at the data boundaries will distort its wavelet power spectrum in some regions which are defined as a wavelength-dependent cone of influence （COI）. In the COI, significance tests are unreliable. At the same time, as many time series are short and noisy, the COI is a serious limitation in wavelet analysis of time series. In this paper, we will give a method to reduce boundary effects and discover significant frequencies in the COI. After that, we will apply our method to analyze Greenland winter temperature and Baltic sea ice. The new method makes use of line removal and odd extension of the time series. This causes the derivative of the series to be continuous （unlike the case for other padding methods）. This will give the most reasonable padding methodology if the time series being analyzed has red noise characteristics.

关键词： Wavelet power spectrum significance testing Greenland winter temperature Baltic sea ice

Neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: The need for patient-centered research

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第4期26卷 375-382页

作者： Jordan M Cloyd Allan Tsung john Hays Celia e Wills john FP Bridges Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States College of Nursing The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer with high recurrence rates following surgical *** adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival,a significant proportion of patients are unable to initiate or complete all intended therapy following pancreatectomy due to postoperative complications or poor performance *** administration of chemotherapy prior to surgical resection is an alternative strategy that ensures its early and near universal delivery as well as improves margin-negative resection rates and potentially improves long-term survival *** therapy is increasingly being recommended to patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,however,patient-centered research on its use is *** this review,we highlight opportunities to focus research efforts in the domains of patient preferences,patient-reported outcomes,patient experience,and *** research in these areas may identify relevant barriers and facilitators to the use of neoadjuvant therapy thereby increasing its utilization,improve shareddecision making for patients and providers,and optimize the experience of those undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.

关键词： Preoperative therapy Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Quality of life Shared decision making Patient preferences

Spectral signatures of hydrilla from a tank and field setting

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Frontiers of earth Science 2012年第4期6卷 453-460页

作者： Alfonso BLANCO john J. QU William e. ROPeR George Mason University College of Science Department of Geography and Geoinforrnation Sciences 4400 University Drive Fairfax VA 22030 USA

The invasion of hydrilla in many waterways has caused significant problems resulting in high main- tenance costs for eradicating this invasive aquatic weed. Present identification methods employed for detecting hydrilla invasions such as aerial photography and videos are difficult, costly, and time consuming. Remote sensing has been used for assessing wetlands and other aquatic vegetation, but very little information is available for detecting hydrilla invasions in coastal estuaries and other water bodies. The objective of this study is to construct a library of spectral signatures for identifying and classifying hydrilla invasions. Spectral signatures of hydrilla were collected from an experimental tank and field locations in a coastal estuary in the upper Chesapeake Bay. These measurements collected from the experimental tank, resulted in spectral signatures with an average peak surface reflectance in the near-infrared （NIR） region of 16% at a wavelength of 818 nm. However, the spectral measure- ments, collected in the estuary, resulted in a very different spectral signature with two surface reflectance peaks of 6% at wavelengths of 725 nm and 818 nm. The difference in spectral signatures between sites are a result of the components in the water column in the estuary because of increased turbidity （e.g., nutrients, dissolved matter and suspended matter）, and canopy being lower （submerged） in the water column. Spectral signatures of hydrilla observed in the tank and the field had similar characteristics with low reflectance in visible region of the spectrum from 400 to 700 nm, but high in the NIR region from 700 to 900 nm.

关键词： Chesapeake Bay hydrilla spectral library spectral signatures near-infrared NDVI

From Lung to Brain:Respiration Modulates Neural and Mental Activity

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第10期39卷 1577-1590页

作者： Josh Goheen john A.e.Anderson Jianfeng Zhang Georg Northof The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre The University of OttawaOttawa K1Z 7K4Canada Department of Cognitive Science Carleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6Canada Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Psychology Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Respiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states,including their use for therapeutic *** this systematic review,we discuss evidence that respiration may play a fundamental role in coordinating neural activity,behavior,and *** main findings are:(1)respiration affects the neural activity of a wide variety of regions in the brain;(2)respiration modulates different frequency ranges in the brain’s dynamics;(3)different respiration protocols(spontaneous,hyperventilation,slow or resonance respiration)yield different neural and mental effects;and(4)the effects of respiration on the brain are related to concurrent modulation of biochemical(oxygen delivery,pH)and physiological(cerebral blood flow,heart rate variability)*** conclude that respiration may be an integral rhythm of the brain’s neural *** provides an intimate connection of respiration with neuro-mental features like emotion.A respiratory-neuro-mental connection holds the promise for a brain-based therapeutic usage of respiration in mental disorders.

关键词： Respiration Cognition emotion Heart rate variability Carbon dioxide

Host-environment mismatches associated with subalpine fir decline in Colorado

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1177-1189页

作者： Robin M. Reich john e. Lundquist Kristina Hughes Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA U.S. Forest Service Anchorage Anchorage AK 99501 USA

Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.

关键词： Abiotic disorder Climate stress High elevation forests Forest disease - Subalpine fir

Thyroid disease in pregnancy: A review of diagnosis, complications and management

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第1期5卷 66-72页

作者： Lisa e.moore Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Texas Tech Health Sciences Center

Malfunction of the thyroid gland is the second most common endocrine disorder encountered during pregnancy. It is well known that overt disease of the thyroid gland, either hyper or hypo can adversely affect pregnancy outcome. There is also an ongoing debate surrounding the issue of subclinical hypothyroidism and its effect on the cognitive development of the unborn child. The goal of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature and the current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease in pregnancy and postpartum.

关键词： Pregnancy Hypothyroidism in pregnancy Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy Thyroid Thyroid cancer in pregnancy Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy

Asymmetric reinforcement in Lucania killifish:assessing reproductive isolation when both sexes choose

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 215-224页

作者： Michelle e.ST.john Rebecca C.FULLeR School of Integrative Biology University of liois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Reinforcement can occur when maladaptive hybridization in sympatry favors the evolution of con-specific preferences and target traits that promote behav ioral isolation(BI).In many systems,enhanced BI is due to increased female preference for *** others,BI is driven by male preference,and in other systems both sexes exert *** of these patterns can be atributed to classic sex-specific costs and benefits of ***,sex differences in conspecific preference can emerge due to asymmetric postzygotic isolation(e.g.,hybrid offspring from female A × male B have lower fitness than hybrid offspring from female B × male A),which can lead to asymmetric BI(e.g.,female A and male B are less likely to mate than female B and male A).Understanding reinforcement requires understanding how conspecific preferences evolve in ***,estimating conspecific preferences can be difficult when both sexes are *** this study,we use Lucania killifish to test the hypothesis that patterns of reinforcement are driven by asymmetric postzygotic isolation between *** true,we predicted that sympatric female Lucania goodei and sympatric male *** should have lower levels of BI compared with their sympatric counterparts,as they produce hybrid offspring with the highest *** address the problem of measuring BI when both sexes are choosy,we inferred the contribution to BI of each partner using assays where one sex in the mating pair comes from an allopatric population with potentially low preference,whereas the other comes from a sympatric population with high *** one hybrid cross direction,we found that both female *** and male *** have high contributions to BI in *** the other hybrid cross direction,we found that only female *** contribute to *** male *** readily engaged in hybrid spawnings with allo-patric *** *** results indicate that both asymmetric postzygotic isolation

关键词： reinforcement behavioral isolatin female mate choice male mate choice asymmetric costs to hybridization