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PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5) chemical composition and source apportionment near a Hong kong roadway

Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 96-104页

作者： Yan cheng Shuncheng lee Zhaolin Gu kinfai Ho Yunwei Zhang Yu Huang Judith c.chow john G.Watson Junji cao Renjian Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Technology School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University State key Laboratory of Loess Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Department of civil and Structural Engineering Research Center for Environmental Technology and ManagementThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Public Health and Primary care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Twenty-four-hour PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected simultaneously at a highly trafficked road-side site in Hong kong every sixth day from October 2004 to September 2005. The mass concentrations of PM2.5, PMlo-2.5 （defined as PM10 - PM2.5）, organic carbon （Oc）, elemental carbon （Ec）, water-soluble ions, and up to 25 elements were determined. Investigation of the chemical compositions and potential sources revealed distinct differences between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5. The annual average mass concentrations were 55.5 ＋ 25.5 and 25.9±15.7μg/m^3 for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, respectively. Ec, OM （OM = Oc × 1.4）, and ammonium sulfate comprised over -82% of PM2.5, accounting for -29%, -27%, and -25%, respectively, of the PM2.5 mass. Low Oc/Ec ratios （less than 1） for PM2.5 suggested that fresh diesel-engine exhaust was a major contributor. Seven sources were resolved for PM2.5 by positive matrix factorization （PMF） model, including vehicle emissions （-29%）, secondary inorganic aerosols （-27%）, waste incinera- tor/biomass burning （-23%）, residual oil combustion （-10%）, marine aerosols （-6%）, industrial exhaust （-4%）, and resuspended road dust （-1%）. Ec and OM comprised only -19% of PM10-2.5. The average Oc/Ec ratio of PM10-2.5 was 7.8± 14.2, suggesting that sources other than vehicular exhaust were important contributors. The sources for PM10-2.5 determined by the PMF model included -20% traffic-generated resuspension （e.g., tire dust/brake linear/petrol evaporation）, -17% locally resuspended road dust, -17% marine aerosols, -12% secondary aerosols/field burning, and -11% vehicle emissions.

关键词： PM2.5 PM10-2.5 Roadside chemical composition Source apportionment Hong kong

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key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li john c. crittenden School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China crittenden and Associates Beijing 100102 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proceedings contained 28 abstracts that discussed the start-of-the art applications of sustainable chemical engineering [1]. We summarized topics that were discussed in the 28 abstracts using the non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topics＂ were synthesized without reading the abstracts. Here we will not discuss the algorithm of NMF in detail because of the space limitation and please refer to references for the description of NMF [2,3]. Topic modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstracts increases.

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Prognostic impact of the Bismuth-corlette classification:Higher rates of local unresectability in stageⅢb hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第2期19卷 157-162页

作者： Michael J Passeri Maria R Baimas-George Jesse k Sulzer David A Iannitti john B Martinie Erin H Baker lee M Ocuin Dionisios Vrochides Division of HPB Surgery Department of SurgeryCarolinas Medical Center1025 Morehead Medical Dr.Suite 600CharlotteNC 28204USA

Background:The Bismuth-corlette(Bc)classification is used to categorize hilar cholangiocarcinoma by proximal extension along the biliary *** the right hepatic artery crosses just behind the left bile duct,we hypothesized that BcⅢb tumors would have a higher likelihood of local unresectability due to involvement of the contralateral ***:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma taken to the operating room for intended curative resection between April 2008 and September *** were assigned Bc stages based on preoperative ***:Sixty-eight patients were included in the *** underwent staging laparoscopy after which 16 cases were aborted for metastatic *** the remaining 52 cases,14 cases were explored and aborted for locally advanced ***-eight underwent attempt at curative *** exclud-ing cases aborted for metastatic disease,the chance of proceeding with resection was 55.6%for BcⅢb staged lesions compared to 80.0%of BcⅢa lesions and to 82.4%for BcⅠ-Ⅲa staged lesions(PcⅢb lesions were aborted for locally advanced disease versus 17.6%of remaining Bc ***:When hilar cholangiocarcinoma is preoperatively staged as BcⅢb,surgeons should antici-pate higher rates of locally unresectable disease,likely involving the right hepatic artery.

关键词： Bismuth-corlette stage cholangiocarcinoma Biliary tract surgical procedures Biliary tree Liver surgery

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Evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Paleocene–Eocene carbonaceous rocks in the Barmer and Bikaner-Nagaur Basins, western Rajasthan, India

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china Geology 2025年第1期8卷 77-91页

作者： Alok kumar khairul Azlan Mustapha Alok k.Singh Mohammed Hail Hakimi Ali Y.kahal Waqas Naseem Hijaz kamal Hasnan Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Petroleum Engineering and GeoEngineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais 229304India Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies Kazan Federal UniversityKazan 420008Russia Geology and Geophysics Department King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Geology University of PoonchRawalakot 12350Pakistan

The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in *** over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these ***-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale *** present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical *** carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOc)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis *** existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)***,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg Hc/g TOc)and a H/c ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic *** from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of *** immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial *** proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.

关键词： carbonaceous shale Petroliferous Bikaner-Nagaur Basin Barmer Basin High hydrogen index Hydrogen-rich kerogen Western Rajasthan Geochemistry Petrology

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How media empower the vulnerable: Using community structure theory to analyze relationships between demographics and health reporting

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第S01期7卷 16-18页

作者： john c.Pollock Depts.of communication Studies and Public Health The College of New JerseyUSA

Instead of studying the impact of media on society,the traditional"top down"orientation of most communication studies scholars,this keynote presentation adopted the opposite perspective,exploring the"bottom-up"impact of"society"on"media".Unlike conventional"agenda-setting theory",which suggests that nationally prominent news media set issue"agendas"for other news media and public opinion,and also unlike the"guard dog"view that media essentially protect the interests of political and economic elites,the"community structure theory"explores links between different community(typically city or nation-state)demographics and variations in reporting on critical health *** his scholarship on health communication presented and published over decades,the speaker outlined community structure theory's illumination of two overall patterns in US and cross-national coverage of health communication *** US coverage,broad measures of economically"buffered"privilege(educational,income,or occupational advantage)are linked to"favorable"or"government responsibility"coverage of health issues,and specific measures of"health"privilege(physicians,hospitals)are connected to"favorable"or"government responsibility"coverage promoting selected health *** cross-national coverage,specific measures of national"health vulnerability"(such as percent without improved water access,infant mortality rate)are linked to"government"responsibility coverage for selected health issues(human trafficking,water handling/contamination).In addition,broad measures of"macro"vulnerability conditions(agricultural dependence,political instability)are associated with"government"responsibility coverage for a wide range of health issues(genetically modified foods,drug trafficking,condom promotion,and food security).Overall,community structure theory's"bottom up"perspective reveals how the vulnerable are empowered by their demographic alignment with variations in health communication.

关键词： community structure theory Empowering Health communication Media Vulnerability Reporting

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The omentum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第2期6卷 169-176页

作者： cameron Platell Deborah cooper john M.Papadimitriou john c.Hall Department of Surgery the University of Western Australia Departments of Pathology the University of Western Australia

INTRODUcTIONThe word omentum derives from the ancientEgyptians who,when embalming human bodies,used to assess their'omens'by looking at thevariations in what we recognise today as ***(128-199 AD)thought that therole of the omentum was to warm the *** was on the basis of a gladiator who had anomental resection after a stab injury and sufferedgreatly from cold for the rest of his life.A

关键词： omentum peritonitis macrophage neutrophil lymphocytes mesothelium adhesions omentectomy

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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong Jason k.W.lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(cREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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On the complementarity of Absorption and McD Spectroscopy

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Journal of Rare Earths 1998年第3期16卷 45-51页

作者： Binnemans, k. Gorller-Walrand, c Univ of Leaven Heverlee Belgium

The use of magnetic circular dichroism(McD) spectroscopy for probing the 4f n configuration of trivalent lanthanide ions is explored. The technique is compared with optical absorption spectroscopy. McD is valuable for the detection of degenerate crystal field levels in uniaxial crystals and for observing transitions not resolved in the absorption sepctrum, for the study of the site symmetry and for checking the reliability of crystal field and intensity parameters. On the other hand, selection of the samples has to be done more carefully than for absorption spectroscopy, because an McD spectrum can only be recorded in an isotropic direction.

关键词： Rare earths Lanthanides Magnetic circular dichroism Zeeman effect Optical absorption

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Why endophenotype development requires families

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3382-3384页

作者： GLAHN David c BLANGERO john Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06511 USA Olin Neuropsychiatry Research center Institute of Living Hartford Hospital CT 06106 USA Department of Genetics Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio TX 78227 USA

Endophenotypes are heritable quantitative traits that are associated with disease liability, can be measured in both affected and unaffected individuals, and provide much greater power to localize and identify risk genes for mental illness than does affection status alone. Traditionally, endophenotypic markers for psychiatric illnesses include in vivo neuroanatomic and functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements and indices of neurocognitive abilities. However, neurocognitive and neuroimaging measures are by no means the only classes of endophenotypes that could be useful for identifying genes for mental illness. Given the advantages of endophenotype-based strategies for elucidating the genetic underpinnings of psychiatric disorders, it would seem prudent to develop a wide range of putative endophenotypes. In order for a measure to be considered a valid endophenotype, it must meet a number of criteria. Specifically, the trait must (1) have moderate to high heritability, (2) be associated with the illness, (3) be independent of clinical state, and (4) impairment must co-segregate with the illness within a family, with non-affected family members showing impairment relative to the general population. While each of these criteria is critical, the heritability and co-segregation requirements are really what differentiate an endophenotype from a simple biomarker. At this time, one requires an experimental design that includes families to demonstrate both heritability and co-segregation. The assertion that novel endophenotypes can not be fully established without family data does not preclude work in unrelated individuals, rather that unrelated samples will only be able to nominate potential candidate endophenotypes that subsequently need to be confirmed in family-based experiments.

关键词：家庭成员稳定精神疾病遗传基础数量性状成像测量生物标志物神经管

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Evaluation of maize inbred lines and topcross progeny for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination

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The crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 118-125页

作者： Jake c.Fountain Hamed k.Abbas Brian T.Scully Hong Li Robert D.lee Robert c.kemerait Baozhu Guo USDA-ARS crop Protection and Management Research Unit Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia USDA-ARS Biological control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS National Horticultural Research Laboratory Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research Institute Department of crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination occurs in maize following kernel colonization by Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin contamination resistance is a highly desired trait in maize breeding *** identification of novel sources of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a major focus in germplasm screening efforts. Here, we performed a field evaluation of 64 inbred lines over two years for pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. Topcrosses were also performed with two testers, B73 and Mo17, to generate 128 F1 hybrids which were also evaluated over two years. Hybrid performance was used to calculate both general combining ability(GcA) of the inbreds, and observed heterosis for aflatoxin resistance. Over both years of the study, aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 80 ± 47 to 17,617 ± 8816 μg kg^(-1) for inbreds, and from 58 ± 39 to 2771 ± 780 μg kg^(-1) for hybrids with significant variation between years and lines. The inbred lines cML52, cML69, cML247, GT-603, GEMS-0005, Hi63, Hp301, and M37 W showed kg^(-1) of aflatoxin accumulation in both years of the study and less than the resistant check, Mp313 E, in at least one season. Among these, cML52, GT-603, and Hi63 also showed significant GcA with the testers in hybrid progeny. cML52, GT-603, and M37 W also showed heterotic effects of-13.64%,-12.47%, and-24.50%, respectively, with B73 resulting in reduced aflatoxin contamination. GT-603 also showed a similar heterotic effect for aflatoxin contamination,-13.11%, with Mo17 indicating that this line may serve as a versatile source of aflatoxin contamination resistance in breeding programs.

关键词： Aspergillus flavus Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Maize Topcross

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