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基于深度学习的小样本目标检测综述

兵工自动化 2024年第1期43卷 35-42页

作者：李海军孔繁程魏嘉彧林云海军航空大学岸防兵学院山东烟台264001 中国人民解放军92192部队浙江宁波315100 烟台大学教务处山东烟台264005

针对在小样本情况下目标检测的问题,对当前小样本条件下的目标检测方法进行归纳总结。列举4类小样本学习方法并介绍其优缺点,介绍目前这几类方法的典型算法;进行小样本目标检测实验设计,通过分析各方法的特点得出其可应用方向;对目前的... 详细信息

针对在小样本情况下目标检测的问题,对当前小样本条件下的目标检测方法进行归纳总结。列举4类小样本学习方法并介绍其优缺点,介绍目前这几类方法的典型算法;进行小样本目标检测实验设计,通过分析各方法的特点得出其可应用方向;对目前的小样本图像目标检测存在的问题进行讨论。结果表明,该分析能为相关领域的研究者提供更多的思路。

关键词：深度学习小样本目标检测

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钙改性玉米芯生物炭对水中氮磷吸附特性

环境工程学报 2024年第2期18卷 481-491页

作者：常思露高茜魏佳宇刘凤旭阎波王文华天津科技大学海洋与环境学院天津300457 天津市海洋资源与化学重点实验室天津300457 天津市海洋环境保护与修复技术工程中心天津300381 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司水生态工程设计院天津300222

以玉米芯为原材料,在500℃条件下高温热解制备生物炭,使用CaCl_(2)对其进行改性,通过SEM、EDS、BET-N_(2)、FTIR、XPS等手段对生物炭结构与组成进行了测定。通过吸附实验研究了改性生物炭对水中氮磷的吸附性能和影响因素,分析探讨其吸... 详细信息

以玉米芯为原材料,在500℃条件下高温热解制备生物炭,使用CaCl_(2)对其进行改性,通过SEM、EDS、BET-N_(2)、FTIR、XPS等手段对生物炭结构与组成进行了测定。通过吸附实验研究了改性生物炭对水中氮磷的吸附性能和影响因素,分析探讨其吸附机理,为生物炭在水处理中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:CaCl_(2)改性使玉米芯生物炭比表面积提高了137.57%,微孔和介孔数增加,并产生Ca^(2+)、Cl^(-)离子有效附着。氮磷初始溶液质量浓度、固液比、吸附时间均会对生物炭的吸附性能产生影响。CaCl2改性后的生物炭对氮磷吸附量分别提高了46.6%和78.4%。改性后的生物炭(Ca-BC)对水中氮磷的吸附更符合准二级动力学;Ca-BC对氨氮和磷酸盐的等温吸附更符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程更接近物理吸附为主,化学吸附为辅的单分子层吸附。Ca-BC通过范德华力静电相互作用、离子交换和化学沉淀过程去除水中氮磷。

关键词：玉米芯生物炭氮磷吸附

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叶面喷施日本外担菌培养液对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响

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贵州大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第1期41卷 48-53,77页

作者：魏嘉妤彭剑涛刘国琴彭丽娟田静朱丹瑞贵州大学烟草学院贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室贵州贵阳550025

为探究日本外担菌培养液对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响,以烤烟品种‘云烟87’为材料,打顶后对上部6片叶喷施不同浓度日本外担菌培养液(1/10原液和1/50原液),研究其对上部叶成熟、烤后烟叶化学品质以及感官评吸质量的影响。结果表明,随着不... 详细信息

为探究日本外担菌培养液对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响,以烤烟品种‘云烟87’为材料,打顶后对上部6片叶喷施不同浓度日本外担菌培养液(1/10原液和1/50原液),研究其对上部叶成熟、烤后烟叶化学品质以及感官评吸质量的影响。结果表明,随着不同浓度的日本外担菌培养液喷施烤烟上部叶次数的增加,喷施3次后(45 d)烟叶综合变黄程度提高,主脉和支脉变白比例及叶尖下勾程度增加;降低超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol,PPO)等抗氧化代谢酶活性及叶绿体色素含量,有效促进上部叶成熟;提高烤后上部叶的还原糖与总糖含量,降低了烟碱、总氮和氯含量;烤后上部叶糖碱比和钾氯比更协调,提高烟叶的感官评吸质量,有效改善上部叶品质。其中以日本外担菌1/50原液处理后提高上部叶可用性效果最佳。综上,叶面喷施日本外担菌1/50原液可提高烤烟上部叶成熟度,改善烤后上部叶质量。

关键词：日本外担菌烤烟上部叶成熟化学品质感官评吸

A strained π-extended[10]cycloparaphenylene carbon nanoring

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 171-174页

作者： Kang wei jiayu Li Wen Zhang Bing Yuan Ming-De Li Pingwu Du Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China

Herein,we report the facile synthesis of a highly strained hexabenzocoronene-containing carbon nanoring,cyclo[4]-paraphenylene[2]-2,11-hexabenzocoronenylene([4,2]CPHBC),as the segment of a[10,10]single-walled carbon nanotube([10,10]SWNT).[4,2]CPHBC was synthesized based on the platinummediated assembly of diborylbiphenyl and diborylhexabenzocoronene,forming a tetranuclear platinum complex,followed by reductive *** nanoring molecule was confirmed by NMR and HRMS,and its photophysical properties were studied using steady-state and time-resolved ***,the selective supramolecular host-guest interaction between[4,2]CPHBC and C_(60) was also investigated.

关键词： CPP Hexabenzocoronene Fullerene Supramolecular chemistry

浅色戈卢别夫氏菌对烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

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山地农业生物学报 2024年第3期43卷 1-8页

作者：朱丹瑞左应萍魏嘉妤田静陈明珠彭丽娟刘国琴贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室贵州贵阳550025 贵州省黔东南州烟草公司岑巩县分公司贵州岑巩557801

为探究浅色戈卢别夫氏菌培养液对烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以烤烟品种‘K326’为试验材料,用不同浓度(原液、1/10原液、1/50原液、1/100原液、1/200原液)浅色戈卢别夫氏菌(Golubevia pallescens)培养液对烟草种子进行浸种处理,分... 详细信息

为探究浅色戈卢别夫氏菌培养液对烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以烤烟品种‘K326’为试验材料,用不同浓度(原液、1/10原液、1/50原液、1/100原液、1/200原液)浅色戈卢别夫氏菌(Golubevia pallescens)培养液对烟草种子进行浸种处理,分析其对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数以及根长的影响;用3个浓度(原液、1/50原液、1/100原液)浅色戈卢别夫氏菌培养液喷施烟草幼苗叶片,分析其对烟草幼苗生长及抗氧化代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:1/100原液浸种处理对烟草种子萌发具有促进作用,发芽势、发芽指数和根长显著高于对照;喷施烟草幼苗叶片后,1/50原液可显著提高叶长、叶宽、株高、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;1/100原液可显著提高烟草幼苗的根系活力,显著降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。综上,浅色戈卢别夫氏菌培养液能显著促进烟草种子萌发和根的伸长,并显著促进烟草幼苗生长,提高其抗氧化能力。

关键词：浅色戈卢别夫氏菌真菌次生代谢物植物生长物质烟草促生作用

Automation in road distress detection,diagnosis and treatment

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第1期4卷 1-26页

作者： Xu Yang Jianqi Zhang Wenbo Liu jiayu Jing Hao Zheng wei Xu School of Future Transportation Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China School of Highway Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China School of Information Engineering Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China

Road transportation plays a crucial role in society and daily life,as the functioning and durability of roads can significantly impact a nation's economic *** the whole life cycle of the road,the emergence of disease is unavoidable,so it is necessary to adopt relevant technical means to deal with the *** study comprehensively reviews the advancements in computer vision,artificial intelligence,and mobile robotics in the road domain and examines their progress and applications in road detection,diagnosis,and treatment,especially asphalt ***,it analyzes the research progress in detecting and diagnosing surface and internal road distress and related techniques and algorithms are *** addition,also introduces various road gover-nance technologies,including automated repairs,intelligent construction,and path planning for crack *** their proven effectiveness in detecting road distress,analyzing diagnoses,and planning maintenance,these technologies still confront challenges in data collection,parameter optimization,model portability,system accuracy,robustness,and real-time ***,the integration of multidisciplinary technologies is imperative to enable the development of an integrated approach that includes road detection,diagnosis,and *** paper addresses the challenges of precise defect detection,condition assessment,and unmanned *** the same time,the efficiency of labor liberation and road maintenance is achieved,and the automation level of the road engineering industry is improved.

关键词： Road detection Road diagnosis Road treatment Deep learning Intelligent maintenance

Constructing osteo-inductive bio-ink for 3D printing through hybridization of gelatin with maleic acid modified bacterial cellulose by regulating addition volumes of maleic acid solution

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 336-350页

作者： Xucai Wang Dengxian Wu wei Liao Yaxuan Liu Wenhui Pei Jixian Wang jiayu Gu Peng Wang Kai Lan Caoxing Huang Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNahanjing 210008China Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008China Jiangsu Institute of Metrology Nanjing 210023China Department of Forest Biomaterials College of Natural ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695USA

Bacterial cellulose(BC)is an exopolysaccharide with unique properties that has been applied in various ***,the dense and intertwined nature of BC fibers limits its use in certain applications,including 3D printing scaffolds for bone *** this work,a controllable BC-based bio-ink for 3D printing was successfully prepared by modifying the neat BC through maleic acid(MA)treatment,aiming to promote bone tissue *** achieve homogeneous BC dispersions while preserving its crystalline and chemical properties,BC was modified by MA solution(60%,w/V)with solid-liquid ratio from 1꞉5 to 1꞉50(w/V)to obtain MA-BC *** analysis results from microstructure,chemical group,crystallinity,and wettability indicated that the BC/MA solution with ratio of 1꞉30 demonstrated the best pre-treatment performance to obtain ***,by combining MA-BC with gelatin,we successfully formulated MA-BC-GEL gels with favorable rheological properties and compression modulus,which can be used as promising bio-inks for 3D bioprinting *** vitro tests demonstrated 1꞉30 MA-BC possessed excellent biocompatibility,a significant ability to express the alkaline phosphatase gene and osteogenic-related genes,and facilitated the formation of mineralized *** utilization of this novel bio-ink in scaffold preparation for bone regeneration highlights the promising application of modified BC in bone tissue engineering field.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose Maleic acid Osteogenic activity Printability

缺口酶Cas9 D10A和Cas9 H840A在大肠杆菌基因组编辑中的应用

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基因组学与应用生物学 2022年第8期41卷 1677-1691页

作者：韦佳妤吴方上海交通大学系统生物医学教育部重点实验室系统生物医学研究院上海200240

目前Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9工具被广泛应用于基因组编辑中,利用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)基因组进行编辑,可应用于代谢工程及细菌耐药性等研究领域中。利用单缺口核酸酶Cas9 nickase(Cas9n)工具对宿主细胞基因... 详细信息

目前Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9工具被广泛应用于基因组编辑中,利用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)基因组进行编辑,可应用于代谢工程及细菌耐药性等研究领域中。利用单缺口核酸酶Cas9 nickase(Cas9n)工具对宿主细胞基因进行修饰,可降低由于双链断裂对宿主带来的毒性。但目前利用CRISPR/Cas9n对大肠杆菌基因组编辑的研究较少,不利于缺口酶Cas9 D10A和Cas9 H840A在大肠杆菌基因组编辑的应用。本研究在前人报道的细菌双质粒Cas9基因编辑系统(pCas/pTarget)基础上,通过分子突变的方法构建缺口酶Cas9突变体质粒pCas-D10A和pCas-H840A,以及携带修复模板或无修复模板的靶向大肠杆菌sseA基因的质粒pTargetT-△sseA(993 bp)和pTargetT-△sseA,系统研究了两种缺口酶编辑大肠杆菌内源性基因sseA的有效性和效率。在稳定表达pCas质粒的MG1655菌株中转入携带修复模板的pTargetT-△sseA(993 bp)质粒,通过菌落PCR及DNA测序方法验证基因编辑的有效性和效率,同时用醋酸铅试纸生化方法对敲除sseA基因的菌株进行功能验证。同时,将不含修复模板的pTargetT-△sseA质粒转入含有pCas的MG1655菌株中,通过平板菌落计数检测编辑效率。实验结果表明,在有修复模板和无修复模板两种系统中,Cas9 D10A和Cas9 H840A均可以编辑大肠杆菌内源性基因sseA,两者编辑效率基本一致,但都低于Cas9-WT的编辑效率。相对于野生型Cas9、Cas9 D10A或Cas9 H840A编辑大肠杆菌基因组时具有更小的细菌毒性。本研究为后续发展大肠杆菌的基因组编辑技术提供了一定的研究基础和新的研究思路。

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9n 大肠杆菌基因编辑 sseA 缺口酶

Intranasal boosting with RBD-HR protein vaccine elicits robust mucosal and systemic immune responses

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 327-339页

作者： Li Chen Wenyan Ren Hong Lei jiayu Wang Haiying Que Dandan Wan Aqu Alu Dandan Peng Minyang Fu weiqi Hong Yuhe Huang Xiangrong Song Guangwen Lu Xiawei wei Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants has decreased the efficacy of SARs-CoV-2 vaccines in containing coronavirus disease 2019(CoVID-19)over time,and booster vaccination strategies are urgently necessitated to achieve sufficient *** immunization can improvemucosal immunity,offer-ing protection against the infection and sustaining the spread of *** this study,an intranasal booster of the RBD-HR vaccine after two doses of the mRNA vaccine significantly increased the levels of specific binding antibodies in serum,nasal lavage fluid,and bronchoal-veolar lavage fluid compared with only two doses of mRNA *** intranasal boosting with the RBD-HR vaccine,the levels of serum neutralizing antibodies against prototype and variant strains of SARS-Cov-2 pseudoviruses weremarkedly higher than those in mice receiving mRNA vaccine alone,and intranasal boosting with the RBD-HR vaccine also inhibited the bind-ing of RBD to hACE2 ***,the heterologous intranasal immunization regimen promoted extensive memory T cell responses and activated CD103+dendritic cells in the respiratory mucosa,and potently enhanced the formation of T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells in vital immune organs,including mediastinal lymph nodes,inguinal lymph nodes,and ***,these data infer that heterologous intranasal boosting with the RBD-HR vaccine elicited broad protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 both locallyandsystemically.

关键词： Heterologous immunization Intranasal immunization mRNA vaccine SARS-CoV-2 Subunitprotein vaccine