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The Effect of Natural Hazard Damage on Manufacturing Value Added and the Impact of Spatiotemporal Data Variations on the Results

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 691-704页

作者： Douglas Thomas jennifer Helgeson National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD 20899USA

This study examined the effect of natural hazards on manufacturing industry value added and the sensitivity of the results from changes to spatiotemporal resolution of the data.We measured the negative effects of hazards,rather than the net effect.Three models were developed with varying spatio temporal units for the continental United States:annual/county units;annual/state units;and quarterly/state units.Three simulations were run using each model to estimate the negative effect of damage from all natural hazards on value added across spatiotemporal scales.Finally,an investment analysis was conducted to examine the return from public investments in hazard resilience.The results do not demonstrate that,locally,natural hazards reduce value added.However,the evidence suggests that natural hazards in the upstream supply chain have statistically significant impact when modeled at the annual/county scale and at the quarterly/state scale.Neither local nor supply chain hazards have a statistically significant effect when modeled at the annual/state scale,suggesting that broader spatiotemporal units may obscure the true downstream effects of natural hazards.The investment analysis,utilizing model results,suggests that an investment of USD 100 billion or less is economical if it results in a reduction in losses of 10% or more.

关键词： Manufacturing Natural hazards Spatiotemporal impacts United States Value added

Sepsis during short bowel syndrome hospitalizations:Identifying trends,disparities,and clinical outcomes in the United States

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 26-36页

作者： Dushyant Singh Dahiya jennifer Wachala Shantanu Solanki Dhanshree Solanki Asim Kichloo Samantha Holcomb Uvesh Mansuri Khwaja Saad Haq Hassam Ali Manesh Kumar Gangwani Yash R Shah Teresa Varghese Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar Khan Simon Peter Horslen Thomas D Schiano Syed-Mohammed Jafri Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Samaritan Medical CenterWatertownNY 13601United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&Nutrition The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Institute for Foreign Medical Graduate EducationHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Harbor HospitalBaltimoreMD 21225United States Department of Internal Medicine WellStar Spalding Regional HospitalGriffinGA 30224United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionEast Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15219United States Division of Liver Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMI 48202United States

BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome(SBS)hospitalizations are often complicated with sepsis.There is a significant paucity of data on adult SBS hospitalizations in the United States and across the globe.AIM To assess trends and outcomes of SBS hospitalizations complicated by sepsis in the United States.METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify all adult SBS hospitalizations between 2005-2014.The study cohort was further divided based on the presence or absence of sepsis.Trends were identified,and hospitalization characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared.Predictors of mortality for SBS hospitalizations complicated with sepsis were assessed.RESULTS Of 247097 SBS hospitalizations,21.7%were complicated by sepsis.Septic SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend of hospitalizations from 20.8%in 2005 to 23.5%in 2014(P trend<0.0001).Compared to non-septic SBS hospitalizations,septic SBS hospitalizations had a higher proportion of males(32.8%vs 29.3%,P<0.0001),patients in the 35-49(45.9%vs 42.5%,P<0.0001)and 50-64(32.1%vs 31.1%,P<0.0001)age groups,and ethnic minorities,i.e.,Blacks(12.4%vs 11.3%,P<0.0001)and Hispanics(6.7%vs 5.5%,P<0.0001).Furthermore,septic SBS hospitalizations had a higher proportion of patients with intestinal transplantation(0.33%vs 0.22%,P<0.0001),inpatient mortality(8.5%vs 1.4%,P<0.0001),and mean length of stay(16.1 d vs 7.7 d,P<0.0001)compared to the non-sepsis cohort.A younger age,female gender,White race,and presence of comorbidities such as anemia and depression were identified to be independent predictors of inpatient mortality for septic SBS hospitalizations.CONCLUSION Septic SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend between 2005-2014 and were associated with higher inpatient mortality compared to non-septic SBS hospitalizations.

关键词： Short bowel syndrome Sepsis Outcomes Mortality Trends

Common approach to managing lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 45-53页

作者： jennifer M. Taylor Rowena DeSouza Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

The present paper serves as a review of the associations between lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） and erectile dysfunction （ED）, with a focus on common and combined pathways for treatment. LUTS and ED are common conditions seen in general urologic practice. Research has started to establish epidemiologic and pathophysiologic links between the two conditions and a strong association confirmed across multiple studies. Men seeking care for one condition should always be interviewed for complaints of the other condition. Proposed common pathways include α-1 adrenergic receptor imbalance, Rho-kinase overactivity, endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis-induced ischemia. Medical therapy has replaced surgery as the first-line treatment for LUTS in most patients, with the incorporation of α-adrenergic receptor antagonists （α-ARAs） and 5-α-reductase inhibitors （5-ARIs） into everyday practice. Treatment with α-ARAs contributes to some improvement in ED, whereas use of 5-ARIs results in worsened sexual function in some patients. Phosphodiesterase-5 （PDE-5） inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of ED with a simple oral regimen, and new insights demonstrate a benefit of combined use of PDE-5 inhibitors and α-ARAs. The mechanisms of action of these medications support these observed benefits, and they are being studied in the basic science and clinical settings. In addition, novel mechanisms for therapy have been proposed based on clinical and research observations. The minimally invasive and surgical treatments for LUTS are known to have adverse effects on ejaculatory function, while their effects on erectile function are still debated. Much remains to be investigated, but it is clear that the associations between LUTS and ED lay the foundation for future therapies and possible preventative strategies.

关键词： erectile dysfunction lower urinary tract symptoms benign prostatic hyperplasia medical therapy

Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis,diseases,and regeneration

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 444-455页

作者： Mei Wan Elise F.Gray-Gaillard jennifer H.Elisseeff Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders,which represent the leading global cause of disability.Cellular senescence was initially described by Hayflick et al.in 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture studies.We now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth arrest.In the past two decades,compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal system.Cellular senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders,and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal muscles.In this review,we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders,including osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and sarcopenia.We highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone,joint,and skeletal muscle tissue,as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal diseases.In addition,we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.

关键词： skeletal homeostasis dividing

Tamoxifen:an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1208-1211页

作者： jennifer M.Colón Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus

Spinal cord injury（SCI） is a condition without a cure,affecting sensory and/or motor functions.The physical trauma to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular events that generates a non-permissive environment for cell survival and axonal regeneration.Among these complex set of events are damage of the blood-brain barrier,edema formation,inflammation,oxidative stress,demyelination,reactive gliosis and apoptosis.The multiple events activated after SCI require a multi-active drug that could target most of these events and produce a permissive environment for cell survival,regeneration,vascular reorganization and synaptic formation.Tamoxifen,a selective estrogen receptor modulator,is an FDA approved drug with several neuroprotective properties that should be considered for the treatment of this devastating condition.Various investigators using different animal models and injury parameters have demonstrated the beneficial effects of this drug to improve functional locomotor recovery after SCI.Results suggest that the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen administration is to modulate anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic responses.A gap of knowledge exists regarding the sex differences in response to Tamoxifen and the therapeutic window available to administer this treatment.In addition,the effects of Tamoxifen in axonal outgrowth or synapse formation needs to be investigated.This review will address some of the mechanisms activated by Tamoxifen after SCI and the results recently published by investigators in the field.

关键词： selective estrogen receptor modulator trauma antioxidant anti-inflammatory regeneration reactive gliosis demyelination, estradiol

Activation of phagocytosis by immune checkpoint blockade

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第4期12卷 473-480页

作者： Chia-Wei Li Yun-Ju Lai jennifer L. Hsu Mien-Chie Hung Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA

Inhibition of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis has emerged as an essential mechanism for tumor immune evasion. One mechanism inhibiting the innate response is the presence of the macrophage inhibitory molecule, signal regulatory protein-a （SIRPa）, on tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） and its cognate ligand cluster of differentiation 47 （CD47） on tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of a recently discovered programmed death protein 1 （PD-1） in TAMs, we discuss the potential inhibitory receptors that possess new functions beyond T cell exhaustion in this review. As more and more immune receptors are found to be expressed on TAMs, the corresponding therapies may also stimulate macrophages for phagocytosis and thereby provide extra anti-tumor benefits in cancer therapy. Therefore, identification of biomarkers and combinatorial therapeutic strategies, have the potential to improve the efficacy and safety profiles of current immunotherapies.

关键词： CD47 PD-1 PD-L1 immunotherapy TAM phagocytosis macrophage

Repeated video head impulse testing in patients is a stable measure of the passive vestibulo-ocular reflex

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Journal of Otology 2021年第3期16卷 128-137页

作者： M.Muntaseer Mahfuz jennifer L.Millar Michael C.Schubert Laboratory of Vestibular NeuroAdaptation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA

Objectives The video head impulse test(vHIT)is used as a measure of compensation yet it’s stability in patients with vestibular pathology is unknown.Methods 144 patients(n=72 female,mean 54.46±15.8 years)were grouped into one of three primary diagnoses(Peripheral,Central,or Mixed).Subjects were further categorized based on sex(male versus female),ear(left versus right;ipsilesional versus contralesional),age(six groups ranging from 19 to 84 years),and duration between visits(five groups,mean 191.46±SE 29.42 days,median 55.5 days).The gain of the VOR during passive head rotation was measured for each semicircular canal(horizontal,anterior,posterior).Results There was no difference in the VOR gain within any semicircular canal between the two visits(horizontal:p=0.179;anterior:p=0.628;posterior:p=0.613).However,the VOR gain from the horizontal canals was higher than the vertical canals for each visit(p<0.001).Patients diagnosed with peripheral vestibular pathology had significantly lower(p≤0.001)horizontal semicircular canal gains at each visit.There was no difference in VOR gain between sex(p=0.215)or age groupings(p=0.331).Test-retest reliability of vHIT in patient subjects is good(ICC=0.801)and the VOR gain values across two separate visits were significant and positively correlated(r=0.67)regardless of sex,ear,age,or duration between visits.Conclusion The vHIT is a stable measure of VOR gain over two different times across a variety of vestibular patients with no influence of age or sex.

关键词： Video head impulse Vestibulo-ocular reflex Gain Peripheral vestibular hypofunction

Body mass index and survival after cancer diagnosis:A pan-cancer cohort study of 114430 patients with cancer

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The Innovation 2022年第6期3卷 159-165页

作者： Huakang Tu jennifer LMcQuade Michael ADavies Maosheng Huang Kunlin Xie Yuanqing Ye Wong-Ho Chow Alma Rodriguez Xifeng Wu Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Liver Surgery&Liver Transplantation West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Cancer Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The recommendation encouraging patients with cancer to keep a normal body mass index(BMI)is largely extrapolated from data on risk of developing cancer.We tested the prospective association between peri-diagnostic(within 1 year post-diagnosis)BMI and all-cause mortality in patients with incident cancers.During 7.2 years of follow-up,42%(48,340)of the 114430 patients with cancer died.Spline analysis revealed that compared with a BMI of 22.5,a BMI lower than 22.5 was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality across 24 cancer types.A BMI higher than 22.5 was associated with reduced all-cause mortality,while a non-linear association was observed;the lowest risk was found at a BMI of 29.6–34.2,and the risk started to return to and above unity at very high BMI values.The reduced mortality risk of high BMI was observed in 23 of 24 cancer types and maintained after attempts to remove potential selection bias,confounding by smoking and comorbidities,and reserve causality.

关键词： patients mortality diagnosis

Yield of testing for micronutrient deficiencies associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in a clinical setting: An observational study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第36期9卷 11320-11329页

作者： Mustafa Jalal jennifer Anne Campbell Solomon Tesfaye Ahmed Al-Mukhtar Andrew Derek Hopper Academic Department of Gastroenterology Sheffield Teaching HospitalsSheffield S102JFUnited Kingdom Department of Infection Immunology and Cardiovascular diseaseUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Academic Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology Sheffield Teaching HospitalsSheffield S102JFUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Sheffield Teaching HospitalsSheffield S102JFUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)can be difficult to diagnose and causes maldigestion symptoms and malabsorption.There has been a number of studies that have identified PEI associated micronutrient deficiencies(PEI-md),however there is variation in both the frequency and type of PEI-md reported,with the majority of studies including patients with PEI due to chronic pancreatitis(CP)or CP without PEI.There is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of PEImd in patients with PEI without CP and the yield of testing for PEI-md in a clinical setting in patients with suspected benign pancreatic diseases.AIM To prospectively assess the yield and type of PEI–md in patients with and without PEI secondary to benign pancreatic disease.METHODS Patients investigated for maldigestion symptoms with Faecal Elastase-1(FEL-1)and suspected or proven benign pancreatic disease were prospectively identified.At the time of FEL-1 testing,serum samples were taken for micronutrients identified by previous studies as PEI-md:prealbumin,retinol binding protein,copper,zinc,selenium,magnesium and later in the study lipid adjusted vitamin E.FEL-1 was recorded,with a resultmd.PEI was identified in 41/112(36.6%)patients and a pancreatic CT was performed in 82 patients.Overall a PEI-md was identified in 21/112(18.8%)patients.The yield of PEI-md was 17/41(41.5%)if PEI was present which was significantly higher than those without 4/71(5.6%)(P=0.0001).The yield of PEI–md was significantly higher when PEI and CP were seen together 13/22(59.1%)compared to CP without PEI and PEI without CP(P<0.03).Individual micronutrient assessment showed a more

关键词： Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Chronic pancreatitis Micronutrient Malnutrition Malabsorption Nutritional markers