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青藏高原地表变暗与北极气候变化间的共振

Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 367-374页

作者：汤舒畅朴世龙 David m.holland 阚飞汪涛姚檀栋李熙晨 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Courant Institute of mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkNY 0711USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)exerts a profound influence on global climate over million-year timescales due to its past ***,whether the ongoing climate changes over the TP,particularly the persistent reduction in its local albedo(referred to as“TP surface darkening”),can exert global impacts remains *** this study,a state-of-the-art coupled land–atmosphere global climate model has been employed to scrutinize the impact of TP darkening on polar climate *** indicate that the projected TP darkening has the potential to generate a stationary Rossby wave train,thereby modulating the atmospheric circulation in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and instigating a dipole-like surface air temperature anomaly pattern around the Arctic *** additional experiment suggests that the projected Arctic warming may in return warm the TP,thus forming a bi-directional linkage between these two climate *** their association with vast ice reservoirs,the elucidation of this mechanism in our study is crucial in advancing our comprehension of Earth system climate projections.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau High-latitude Northern Hemisphere Arctic Climate change Albedo Surface darkening

关于萨尔瓦多教师道德创伤经历与意义建构的研究

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中国医学伦理学 2019年第4期32卷 548-549页

作者： Joseph m.Currier jason m.holland Lisseth Rojas-Flores 陈秀丽王璐颖(编译) 常运立(审校) 不详海军军医大学基础医学院海军军医大学人文社会科学部

致力于减轻暴力和不公正影响的助人行业从业人员,可能会遭受违反人们根深蒂固的道德价值观或信仰的道德创伤经历(mIES),这些经历会使他们面临职业倦怠和与创伤有关问题的风险,例如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。2012年,来自南阿拉巴马大学心理... 详细信息

致力于减轻暴力和不公正影响的助人行业从业人员,可能会遭受违反人们根深蒂固的道德价值观或信仰的道德创伤经历(mIES),这些经历会使他们面临职业倦怠和与创伤有关问题的风险,例如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。2012年,来自南阿拉巴马大学心理学系和福乐神学院心理学研究生院的Joseph m. Currier、拉斯维加斯内华达大学心理学系的jason m. holland.

关键词：创伤后应激障碍从业人员意义建构道德伤害助人行业暴力事件工作倦怠创伤事件应激源结构方程模型暴力遭遇萨尔瓦多

青藏高原地表变暗与北极气候变化间的共振（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第3期 367-374页

作者：汤舒畅朴世龙 David m.holland 阚飞汪涛姚檀栋李熙晨 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Courant Institute of mathematical Sciences New York University Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) exerts a profound influence on global climate over million-year timescales due to its past uplift. However, whether the ongoing climate changes over the TP, particularly the persistent reduction in its local albedo(referred to as ‘‘TP surface darkening”), can exert global impacts remains elusive. In this study, a state-of-the-art coupled land–atmosphere global climate model has been employed to scrutinize the impact of TP darkening on polar climate changes. Results indicate that the projected TP darkening has the potential to generate a stationary Rossby wave train, thereby modulating the atmospheric circulation in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and instigating a dipole-like surface air temperature anomaly pattern around the Arctic region. An additional experiment suggests that the projected Arctic warming may in return warm the TP, thus forming a bi-directional linkage between these two climate systems. Given their association with vast ice reservoirs, the elucidation of this mechanism in our study is crucial in advancing our comprehension of Earth system climate projections.

关键词：

SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold m.W.J.Hubbard A.holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

The CCD instrument background of the SmILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： m.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.W.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.holland C.Pagani S.Sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and CAS SmILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Astrocytic calcium waves:unveiling their roles in sleep and arousal modulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 984-987页

作者： Erxi Wu Dan Qi Damir Nizamutdinov jason H.Huang Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute Baylor Scott&White HealthTempleTXUSA Texas A&m University School of medicine TempleTXUSA Texas A&m University School of Pharmacy College StationTXUSA LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology Dell Medical Schoolthe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neurosurgery Baylor College of MedicineTempleTXUSA

Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s *** astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network,particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in *** on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between ***,outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold,support and regulate neuronal and synaptic *** research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel *** summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep,wakefulness,and arousal levels,exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling,ion channels,and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical *** findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks,influencing brain activity and *** astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal *** research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states,requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep-and arousal-related disorders.

关键词： arousal astrocyte calcium waves locus coeruleus neuron-astrocyte interaction norepinephrine sleep wakefulness

Performance of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) in Certification Examination of the College of Family Physicians of Canada

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S01期12卷 12-19页

作者： mehdi mousavi Shabnam Shafiee jason m Harley Jackie Chi Kit Cheung Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Department of Family medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanNipawinSaskatchewanCanada Department of Family medicine Saskatchewan Health AuthorityRiverside Health ComplexTurtlefordSaskatchewanCanada Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Research Institute of the mcGill University Health Centre MontrealQuebecCanada Institute for Health Sciences Education Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada mcGill University School of Computer Science MontrealQuebecCanada CIFAR AI Chair Mila-Quebec AI InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada Department of Family medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada mila Quebec AI-Institute MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Dentistry medicine and Oral Health Sciences McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Lady Davis Institute for medical Research Jewish General HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada

Introduction The application of large language models such as generative pre-trained transformers(GPTs)has been promising in medical education,and its performance has been tested for different medical *** study aims to assess the performance of GPTs in responding to a set of sample questions of short-answer management problems(SAmPs)from the certification exam of the College of Family Physicians of Canada(CFPC).method Between August 8th and 25th,2023,we used GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in five rounds to answer a sample of 77 SAmPs questions from the CFPC *** independent certified family physician reviewers scored AI-generated responses twice:first,according to the CFPC answer key(ie,CFPC score),and second,based on their knowledge and other references(ie,Reviews’score).An ordinal logistic generalised estimating equations(GEE)model was applied to analyse repeated measures across the five *** According to the CFPC answer key,607(73.6%)lines of answers by GPT-3.5 and 691(81%)by GPT-4 were deemed ***’s scoring suggested that about 84%of the lines of answers provided by GPT-3.5 and 93%of GPT-4 were *** GEE analysis confirmed that over five rounds,the likelihood of achieving a higher CFPC Score Percentage for GPT-4 was 2.31 times more than GPT-3.5(OR:2.31;95%CI:1.53 to 3.47;pmilarly,the Reviewers’Score percentage for responses provided by GPT-4 over 5 rounds were 2.23 times more likely to exceed those of GPT-3.5(OR:2.23;95%CI:1.22 to 4.06;p=0.009).Running the GPTs after a one week interval,regeneration of the prompt or using or not using the prompt did not significantly change the CFPC score *** In our study,we used GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to answer complex,open-ended sample questions of the CFPC exam and showed that more than 70%of the answers were accurate,and GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 in responding to the *** language models such as GPTs seem promising for assisting candidates of the CFPC exam by pr

关键词： Canada prompt education

基于TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO及HCHO重构数据的近地面O_(3)浓度估算研究

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遥感学报 2024年第9期28卷 2348-2361页

作者：陈小娟秦凯 Cohen jason 何秦中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院徐州221116

以TROPOmI大气成分产品为代表的卫星遥感数据在近地面臭氧(O_(3))浓度估算中表现出很好的潜力。由于云及反演算法局限性等原因,TROPOmI的大气成分产品存在一定的数据缺失,使得基于此的近地面O_(3)浓度估算数据覆盖度较低。为此,本文采... 详细信息

以TROPOmI大气成分产品为代表的卫星遥感数据在近地面臭氧(O_(3))浓度估算中表现出很好的潜力。由于云及反演算法局限性等原因,TROPOmI的大气成分产品存在一定的数据缺失,使得基于此的近地面O_(3)浓度估算数据覆盖度较低。为此,本文采用经验正交函数分解插值法(DINEOF)对TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品进行缺失像元重构,并基于重构数据产品采用极限梯度提升算法(XGBoost)估算了中国大陆地区2019年—2021年高覆盖度的日最大8 h平均O_(3)浓度(mDA8 O_(3))。对比研究了DINEOF方法对TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品的缺失像元进行重构后再建模估算O_(3)的方法(方案1),使用TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品并对其缺失像元赋空值并输入其他特征变量来建模估算O_(3)的方法(方案2),有TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品的建模结果和无TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品,只有其他特征变量的建模结果相结合的方法(方案3),均可提升O_(3)模型估算结果的覆盖度。实验表明:方案1的结果最好,其十折交叉验证R^(2)=0.86,RmSE=15.86μg/m^(3),模型精度和方案2基本一致且高于方案3,在重构区域的模型精度最高(训练集R^(2)=0.82,RmSE=15.57μg/m^(3)),且当重构区域出现O_(3)重污染时(浓度大于160μg/m^(3)),能明显改善模型高值低估现象,结果的空间分布更合理。方案1估算的2019年—2021年近地面mDA8 O_(3)的平均覆盖度从33.6%提升到97.2%,使用TROPOmI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO重构数据产品建模估算O_(3)可提升模型性能和模型结果的覆盖度。

关键词：遥感近地面O_(3) TROPOmI DINEOF XGBoost 数据重构

4-1BB transcriptomic expression patterns across malignancies:Implications for clinical trials of 4-1BB agonists

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Cancer Communications 2024年第10期44卷 1168-1172页

作者： Yuji Uehara Shumei Kato Daisuke Nishizaki Hirotaka miyashita Suzanna Lee mary K.Nesline Sarabjot Pabla Jeffrey m.Conroy Paul DePietro Heidi Ko jason K.Sicklick Razelle Kurzrock Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan Department of Precision Cancer medicine Center for Innovative Cancer TreatmentTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoMoores Cancer CenterLa JollaCaliforniaUnited States Dartmouth Cancer Center Hematology and Medical OncologyLebanonNew HampshireUnited States Labcorp Oncology DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States OmniSeq Incorporation BuffaloNew YorkUnited States Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryCenter for Personalized Cancer TherapyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUnited States medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Genomic Sciences and Precision medicine Center Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States Department of Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer CenterMilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States Department of Oncology University of NebraskaOmahaNebraskaUnited States

4-1BB,a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily,is an important co-stimulatory molecule regulating the activity of immune cells across a range of physiological and pathological processes,which culminates in a potent immune response(Figure 1A and B)[1,2].Numerous clinical trials have been conducted utilizing 4–1BB agonists(Supplemental Table S1);however,previous and ongoing 4-1BB agonist trials are being conducted without biomarker selection,which potentially explains their modest ***,several studies suggest the potential value of utilizing transcriptomics in addition to genomics to identify the unique immunologic signature of individual tumors[3–7].

关键词： clinical utilizing Figure