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Estimate of the energy value of soybean meal relative to corn based on growth performance of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 912-919页

作者： Henrique S.cemin Hayden E.Williams Mike D.Tokach Steve S.Dritz jason c.woodworth Joel M.DeRouchey Robert D.Goodband Kyle F.coble Brittany A.carrender Mandy J.Gerhart Department of Animal Sciences and Industry College of AgricultureKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA JBS USA GreeleyCO 80634USA

Background:Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts of soybean meal(SBM)in swine diets and estimate the energy value of ***:A total of 2233 pigs(PIc 337×1050,Hendersonville,TN)and 3796 pigs(PIc 359×c40),initially 11.0 kg and 17.6 kg body weight(BW),were used in Exp.1 and 2,*** Exp.1,pigs were placed in 92 pens each containing 20 to 27 *** Exp.2,pigs were placed in 84 pens each containing 37 to 43 *** were assigned in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking *** treatments consisted of 21%,27%,33%,or 39%SBM in Exp.1 and 17.5%,22%,26.5%,31%,35.5%,or 40%SBM in Exp.2,obtained by changing the inclusion rate of feed-grade amino acids and corn *** Exp.1,representative samples of corn grain,SBM,and distillers dried grains with solubles were analyzed for total AA content prior to diet *** Exp.2,diets were formulated using NRc(2012)nutrient *** diets were fed for 21 and 22 d(Exp.1 and 2)and there were 23 replicates in Exp.1 and 14 replicates in *** were weighed and feed disappearance measured weekly to calculate average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),gain-to-feed ratio(G:F),and caloric efficiency(cE).Data were analyzed with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect,and contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing ***:In Exp.1,there was a tendency(linear,P=0.092)for a decrease in ADFI as SBM *** was a tendency(P=0.090)for a quadratic response for ADG,with a decrease in ADG observed with 39%SBM *** fed diets with increasing SBM had a tendency(quadratic,P=0.069)for an increase in G:F up to 33%SBM and an improvement(linear,P=0.001;quadratic,P=0.063)in cE with increasing *** cE to estimate the energy of SBM relative to corn,a value of 105.4%of corn energy or 2816 kcal/kg NE was determined using all data *** removing the cE value

关键词： caloric efficiency Energy Soybean meal Swine

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猪饲料生物安全性相关措施综述

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饲料工业 2020年第2期41卷 57-64页

作者： Savannah.c.Stewart cassandra.K.Jones Steve S.Dritz Megan c.Niederwerder jason c.woodworth 堪萨斯州立大学农学院动物科学产业系曼哈顿66506 堪萨斯州立大学兽医学院诊断及病理医学系曼哈顿66506-0210

全球大部分养殖场都已经采用生物安全措施,以最大程度减少疾病传播过程中的病原携带者,保护猪群健康。通常认为饲料及饲料原料不会携带大量病原,但是近年来的一些意外事件表明它们可以携带并传播疾病,如猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)。因此,... 详细信息

全球大部分养殖场都已经采用生物安全措施,以最大程度减少疾病传播过程中的病原携带者,保护猪群健康。通常认为饲料及饲料原料不会携带大量病原,但是近年来的一些意外事件表明它们可以携带并传播疾病,如猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)。因此,越来越多的强调去了解饲料和饲料原料在疾病传播过程中起的作用。本文旨在综述猪饲料作为病原携带者的潜在风险,并列举了一些已经被证明可以维持猪群健康的生物安全措施。猪饲料和原料具有引发疾病的能力是综合的,包括使病原菌存活并维持病原菌在最小感染剂量以上。近期的研究表明,许多病毒(如猪流行性腹泻病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒和A型塞内卡病毒)都可以在豆粕、赖氨酸和全价料的跨境运输中存活下来。此外,PEDV在组织半数感染量感染超过5.6×101或者实时定量PcR循环阈值(qRT-PcR)为37.1时可存活下来。所有这些数据表明,存活力和传染性都可能通过饲料和饲料原料基质而保存下来。近年的研究主要集中于为防止饲料中病原菌感染猪群而采取的相关措施,包括防止病原菌进入饲料系统、热处理减轻病原菌危害、化学添加剂净化病原菌。而且,设计对策以了解病原菌在饲料生产环境中的传播,包括潜在的批次与批次之间的移动,从而能够降低传播给猪群的风险。一些饲料生物安全风险清除措施,如中链脂肪酸不仅有机会降低或清除病毒和细菌的风险,同时还能改善猪的生长性能。总之,最近几年对于饲料生物安全的关注是合理的,但是还需要进一步的研究,以充分了解饲料的风险,确定维持饲料生物安全的经济有效的措施,从而更好的保护猪群健康。

关键词：生物安全饲料病原菌猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV) 病毒猪

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考虑实际日粮因素以优化生长肥育猪养殖利润

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饲料工业 2020年第8期41卷 59-64页

作者： Mike D.Tokach Henrique S.cemin Joel M.DeRouchey Robert D.Goodband jason c.woodworth Steve S.Dritz 246 Weber Hall 1424 Claflin RoadManhattanKS 66506

在猪的生产过程中,75%~80%的饲料用于生长育肥期。因此,育肥阶段对养猪生产者而言具有重要的经济影响。本文通过研究能量水平、氨基酸比例、钙磷含量及其比例以及维生素、微量元素、盐以及包括添加剂在内的其他养分的水平,以优化生长育... 详细信息

在猪的生产过程中,75%~80%的饲料用于生长育肥期。因此,育肥阶段对养猪生产者而言具有重要的经济影响。本文通过研究能量水平、氨基酸比例、钙磷含量及其比例以及维生素、微量元素、盐以及包括添加剂在内的其他养分的水平,以优化生长育肥猪养殖利润。

关键词：生长育肥猪能量氨基酸矿物质维生素添加剂

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使用能量利用效率评估豆粕对于玉米的相对能值及其对保育仔猪生长性能的影响

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猪业科学 2020年第3期37卷 18-21页

作者：何颖(编译) Henrique S.cemin Mike D.Tokach Steve S.Dritz jason c.woodworth Joel M.De Rouchey Robert D.Goodband 辽宁禾丰牧业股份有限公司辽宁沈阳110000 不详

试验旨在评估豆粕相对于玉米的能值,并测定提高日粮中豆粕水平对保育仔猪的影响。总计2233头猪(品种PIc337×1050),初始平均体重10.98 kg,分配到92个饲养栏中,每个饲养栏20~27头仔猪,性别混合。断奶后,所有仔猪饲喂21 d相同日粮,按完全... 详细信息

试验旨在评估豆粕相对于玉米的能值,并测定提高日粮中豆粕水平对保育仔猪的影响。总计2233头猪(品种PIc337×1050),初始平均体重10.98 kg,分配到92个饲养栏中,每个饲养栏20~27头仔猪,性别混合。断奶后,所有仔猪饲喂21 d相同日粮,按完全随机试验设计,根据体重将仔猪分为不同处理组。处理组日粮分别含21%、27%、33%、39%豆粕,并通过改变饲料氨基酸水平和玉米水平来配制平衡日粮,试验期饲喂21 d。仔猪称重并测定采食量,计算平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)和热量效率(cE)。采用SAS的GLIMMIX程序,以随机效应和处理组作为固定因子分析数据。建立单自由度对比来检测随豆粕水平增加的线性和二次效应。对ADG有二次效应趋势(P=0.090),当豆粕水平为33%时有显著提高。随着日粮豆粕水平提高对于ADFI有降低趋势(线性,P=0.092)。随着日粮豆粕水平提高,仔猪的料重比呈提高趋势(二次,P=0.066),33%豆粕处理组仔猪的料重比最高,但39%豆粕处理组又回到对照组水平。随着豆粕水平提高,cE呈增加趋势(线性,P=0.001;二次,P=0.065)。以cE方式测定4个数据点评估豆粕能值为玉米能值的105.4%,11.78 MJ/kg净能。当去除39%豆粕处理组的cE值时(含39%豆粕水平时呈二次趋势),仅使用cE应答的线性趋势部分来计算豆粕能值为玉米能值的121.1%,净能为13.54 MJ/kg。综上,试验结果表明饲喂豆粕水平达33%时可提高ADG、F/G和cE,豆粕能值为玉米能值的105.4%~121.1%,这要比当前推荐的豆粕能值为玉米能值78%数据要高很多。该结果意义重大,因为它增加了日粮配方中豆粕的能值。

关键词：热量的能量利用效率豆粕猪

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纤维源和粗蛋白水平对保育猪生长性能和粪便微生物菌群的影响

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猪业科学 2022年第6期39卷 20-27页

作者：何颖(编译) Kelsey L.Batson Alison c.Neujahr Thomas Burkey Samodha c.Fernando Mike D.Tokach jason c.woodworth Robert D.Goodband Joel M.DeRouchey Jordan T.Gebhardt Hilda I.calderón 重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心重庆404100 焦作禾丰饲料有限公司河南焦作454150 不详

仔猪断奶后腹泻(PWD)是一种通常发生在仔猪断奶后2周的疾病,可以通过对猪只反复排泄松散的水样粪便进行诊断。这种疾病致使猪只生长缓慢、脱水、营养物质消化率降低,严重情况下可能会出现猪只死亡,给生猪产业带来重大的经济损失。近年来... 详细信息

仔猪断奶后腹泻(PWD)是一种通常发生在仔猪断奶后2周的疾病,可以通过对猪只反复排泄松散的水样粪便进行诊断。这种疾病致使猪只生长缓慢、脱水、营养物质消化率降低,严重情况下可能会出现猪只死亡,给生猪产业带来重大的经济损失。近年来,针对各种PWD缓解剂和促生长添加剂(例如药物锌制剂和抗菌物质)都颁布了限制和禁令,因为它们在商业生产环境中阻碍了猪只健康及生产性能和对环境产生污染。

关键词：仔猪断奶断奶后腹泻粗蛋白水平缓解剂营养物质消化率生长缓慢猪生长性能锌制剂

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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong jason K.W.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(cREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott jason c.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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construction of a novel six-gene signature to predict tumour response to induction chemotherapy and overall survival in locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 148-150页

作者： chen Tan Lingwa Wang Yifan Yang Shizhi He George G.chen jason YK.chan Michael cF.Tong c.A.van Hasselt Wenbin Xu Ling Feng Ru Wang Jugao Fang Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery(Ministry of Education of china) Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijing 100730China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHongKong SAR999077China Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollageBeijing 100730China

Locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers(LA-LHcs)are traditionally treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy,which impairs speech and swallowing functions and reduces the quality of life.^(1,2)The use of induction chemotherapy(Ic)as a larynxpreserving approach for LA-LHcs has been verified and refined.^(3)However,the short-term tumor response to Ic varies,non-responders usually show poor survival and little benefit.

关键词： chemotherapy laryngeal surgery

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Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James c.Wyant college of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

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The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 155-187页

作者： Michael Yu Kevin Qin Jiaming Fan Guozhi Zhao Piao Zhao Wei Zeng connie chen Annie Wang Yonghui Wang jiamin Zhong Yi Zhu William Wagstaff Rex c.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin Ho Michael J.Lee jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-chuan He School of Medicine Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Laboratory of craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China

The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in develop-ment and adult tissue homeostasis across *** proteins are secreted,lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical(β-catenin dependent)and non-canonical(β-catenin independent)Wnt signaling *** behaviors such as proliferation,differ-entiation,maturation,and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway,which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling *** signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various *** includes but is not limited to embryonic,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,gut,neural,and epidermal stem *** signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like *** signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone *** surprisingly,aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases,including *** of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and ***,advances in the understand-ing of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt *** with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt,this review aims to summarize the cur-rent knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells,aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases,and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.

关键词： β-catenin cancer canonical Wnt Disease Non-canonical Wnt Stem cells Targeted therapy Wnt signaling

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