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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： jared H.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin w.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： jared A. Diethorn Andrew C. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi w. Scott wayne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. when the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOC within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Control Charge Sustainability

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation wallerian degeneration

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points

Journal of Transportation Technologies（交通科技期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： jared A.Diethorn Andrew C.Nix Mario G.Perhinschi w.Scott wayne

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2564-2568页

作者： JuliAnne E.Allgood George D.Bittner jared S.Bushman Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

The peripheral nervous system has an extensive branching organization, and peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points present a complex challenge for clinical repair. Ablations of linear segments of the PNS have been extensively studied and routinely treated with autografts, acellular nerve allografts, conduits, wraps, and nerve transfers. In contrast, segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries, in which one or more branch points are ablated so that there are three or more nerve endings, present additional complications that have not been rigorously studied or documented. This review discusses:(1) the branched anatomy of the peripheral nervous system,(2) case reports describing how peripheral nerve injuries with branched ablations have been surgically managed,(3) factors known to influence regeneration through branched nerve structures,(4) techniques and models of branched peripheral nerve injuries in animal models, and(5) conclusions regarding outcome measures and studies needed to improve understanding of regeneration through ablated branched structures of the peripheral nervous system.

关键词： allograft animal model branched injuries femoral nerve peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system regeneration repair sciatic nerve surgical repair

Caffeine Increases Rate of Torque Development without Affecting Maximal Torque

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第3期1卷 248-256页

作者： B rent M.Peterson Lee E.Brown Daniel A.Judelson Samantha Gallo-Rebert jared w.Coburn Department of Kinesiology School of ScienceTechnologyand HealthBiola UniversityLa MiradaCAUSA Exercise Physiology Lab and Center for Sport Performance Department of KinesiologyCalifornia State UniversityFullerton800 N.State CollegeBlvd.KHS-235CA 92834USA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine on peak torque(PT),rate of torque development(RTD),and muscle activation in college-age *** Fifteen men(23.3±2.2 years,177.6±8.7 cm,90.3±19.1 kg)volunteered to participate in this *** each of two test sessions,maximal leg extension PT and RTD were determined and electromyographic(EMG)and mechano-myographic(MMG)signals were collected to examine electrical and mechanical aspects of muscle activation,*** also performed the wingate Anaerobic Test(wAnT)for the determination of peak power(PP),mean power(MP),and fatigue percentage(FP).For the first test session,participants were randomly assigned to ingest either a caffein-ated drink(6 mg/kg)or a placebo 1 h prior to *** second test session was identical to the first,but the drink not previously administered was ingested prior to *** The results indicated there were no significant effects of caffeine on PT,PP,MP,FP,or EMG and MMG ***,RTD was positively affected by caffeine(856.4±246.4 Nm/s)compared to the placebo condition(710.9±267.9 Nm/s).Conclusions These results suggest that caffeine can be an effective aid for sport activities requiring maximal rates of force or torque development during very short time periods.

关键词： Ergogenic aid wingate anaerobic test Electromyography Mechanomyography

Spatial-Temporal Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols via Airborne Spectral Imaging and Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第6期6卷 101-110页

作者： John w.Makokha jared O.Odhiambo Department of Science Technology and Engineering Kibabii UniversityBungomaKenya

Neural network analysis based on Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (GHSOM) is used to examine Spatial-Temporal characteristics in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Ångström Exponent (ÅE) and Precipitation Rate (PR) over selected East African sites from 2000 to 2014. The selected sites of study are Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0° - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). GHSOM analysis reveals a marked spatial variability in AOD and ÅE that is associated to changing PR, urban heat islands, diffusion, direct emission, hygroscopic growth and their scavenging from the atmosphere specific to each site. Furthermore, spatial variability in AOD, ÅE and PR is distinct since each variable corresponds to a unique level of classification. On the other hand, GHSOM algorithm efficiently discriminated by means of clustering between AOD, ÅE and PR during Long and Short rain spells and dry spell over each variable emphasizing their temporal evolution. The utilization of GHSOM therefore confirms the fact that regional aerosol characteristics are highly variable be it spatially or temporally and as well modulated by PR received over each variable.

关键词： Aerosol Optical Depth Angstrom Exponent Neural Network Satellite Spectral Imaging Precipitation Rate East African Atmosphere

Successful use of closed-loop allostatic neurotechnology for post-traumatic stress symptoms in military personnel： self-reported and autonomic improvements

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Military Medical Research 2018年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： Catherine L.Tegeler Lee Gerdes Hossam A.Shaltout jared F.Cook Sean L.Simpson Sung w.Lee Charles H.Tegeler Department of Neurology Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Brain State Technologies LLC 15150 North Hayden Road Scottsdale AZ 85260USA Hypertension and Vascular Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC 27157USA Department of Biostatistical Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA

Background:Military-related post-traumatic stress(PTS)is associated with numerous symptom clusters and diminished autonomic cardiovascular ***,relational,resonance-based,electroencephalic mirroringis a noninvasive,closed-loop,allostatic,acoustic stimulation neurotechnology that produces realtime translation of dominant brain frequencies into audible tones of variable pitch and timing to support the autocalibration of neural *** report clinical,autonomic,and functional effects after the use offor symptoms of military-related ***:Eighteen service members or recent veterans(15 active-duty,3 veterans,most from special operations,1 female),with a mean age of 40.9(SD=6.9)years and symptoms of PTS lasting from 1 to 25 years,undertook19.5(SD=1.1)sessions over 12 *** for symptoms of PTS(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Military version,PCL-M),insomnia(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI),depression(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,CES-D),and anxiety(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale,GAD-7)were collected before(Visit1,V1),immediately after(Visit2,V2),and at 1 month(Visit3,V3),3(Visit4,V4),and 6(Visit5,V5)months after intervention *** measures only taken at V1 and V2 included blood pressure and heart rate recordings to analyze heart rate variability(HRV)and baroreflex sensitivity(BRS),functional performance(reaction and grip strength)testing,blood and saliva for biomarkers of stress and inflammation,and blood for epigenetic *** t-tests,wilcoxon signed-rank tests,and a repeated-measures ANOVA were ***:Clinically relevant,significant reductions in all symptom scores were observed at V2,with durability through *** were significant improvements in multiple measures of HRV and BRS[Standard deviation of the normal beat to normal beat interval(SDNN),root mean square of the successive differences(rMSSD),high frequency(HF),low frequency(LF),and total power,HF alpha,

关键词： Neurotechnology Allostasis Autonomic Heart rate variability Baroreflex sensitivity Closed-loop Acoustic stimulation Military Post-traumatic stress disorder HIRREM

Computational synthesis of substrates by crystal cleavage

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1336-1341页

作者： Joshua T.Paul Alice Galdi Christopher Parzyck Kyle M.Shen jared Maxson Richard G.Hennig Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Quantum Theory Project University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

The discovery of substrate materials has been dominated by trial and error,opening the opportunity for a systematic *** generate bonding networks for materials from the Materials Project and systematically break up to three bonds in the networks for three-dimensional *** cleavage reduces the bonding network to two periodic *** identify 4693 symmetrically unique cleavage surfaces across 2133 bulk crystals,4626 of which have a maximum Miller index of *** characterize the likelihood of cleavage by creating monolayers of these surfaces and calculating their thermodynamic stability using density functional theory to discover 3991 potential ***,we identify distinct trends in the work of cleavage and relate them to bonding in the three-dimensional *** illustrate the potential impact of the substrate database by identifying several improved epitaxial substrates for the transparent conductor *** open-source databases of predicted and commercial substrates are available at ***.

关键词： cleavage bonding synthesis