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Exploring new avenues in high repetition rate table-top coherent extreme ultraviolet sources

Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 231-236页

作者： Steffen Hadrich Manuel Krebs Armin Hoffmann Arno Klenke jan rothhardt Jens Limpert Andreas Tunnermann Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Applied PhysicsAbbe Center of PhotonicsAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1507745 JenaGermany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Straße 707745 JenaGermany

The process of high harmonic generation(HHG)enables the development of table-top sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet(XUV)*** these are now matured sources,they still mostly rely on bulk laser technology that limits the attainable repetition rate to the low kilohertz ***,many of the emerging applications of such light sources(e.g.,photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy,coherent diffractive imaging,or frequency metrology in the XUV spectral region)require an increase in the repetition ***,these sources are operated with a multi-MHz repetition rate and deliver a high photon flux *** far,this regime has been solely addressed using passive enhancement cavities together with low energy and high repetition rate ***,a novel route with significantly reduced complexity(omitting the requirement of an external actively stabilized resonator)is demonstrated that achieves the previously mentioned demanding parameters.A krypton-filled Kagome photonic crystal fiber is used for efficient nonlinear compression of 9 μJ,250 fs pulses leading to,7 μJ,31 fs pulses at 10.7 MHz repetition *** compressed pulses are used for HHG in a gas *** attention is devoted to achieving phase-matched(transiently)generation yielding.10^(13) photons s^(-1)(.50 μW)at 27.7 *** new spatially coherent XUV source improved the photon flux by four orders of magnitude for direct multi-MHZ experiments,thus demonstrating the considerable potential of this source.

关键词： coherent extreme ultraviolet sources high average power high harmonic generation nonlinear compression ultrafast laser

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Material-specific high-resolution table-top extreme ultraviolet microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 991-1000页

作者： Wilhelm Eschen Lars Loetgering Vittoria Schuster Robert Klas Alexander Kirsche Lutz Berthold Michael Steinert Thomas Pertsch Herbert Gross Michael Krause Jens Limpert jan rothhardt Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-SchillerUniversität JenaAlbert-Einstein-Str.1507745 JenaGermany HelmholtzInstitute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745 JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS WalterHülse-Str.106120 HalleGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Albert-Einstein-Str.707745 JenaGermany

Microscopy with extreme ultraviolet(EUV)radiation holds promise for high-resolution imaging with excellent material contrast,due to the short wavelength and numerous element-specific absorption edges available in this spectral *** the same time,EUV radiation has significantly larger penetration depths than *** thus enables a nano-scale view into complex three-dimensional structures that are important for material science,semiconductor metrology,and next-generation ***,we present high-resolution and material-specific microscopy at 13.5 nm *** combine a highly stable,high photon-flux,table-top EUV source with an interferometrically stabilized ptychography *** utilizing structured EUV illumination,we overcome the limitations of conventional EUV focusing optics and demonstrate high-resolution microscopy at a half-pitch lateral resolution of 16 ***,we propose mixed-state orthogonal probe relaxation ptychography,enabling robust phase-contrast imaging over wide fields of view and long acquisition *** this way,the complex transmission of an integrated circuit is precisely reconstructed,allowing for the classification of the material composition of mesoscopic semiconductor systems.

关键词： resolution ultraviolet extreme

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Ultra-short-pulse high-average-power megahertz-repetition-rate coherent extreme-ultraviolet light source

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PhotoniX 2021年第1期2卷 439-446页

作者： Robert Klas Alexander Kirsche Martin Gebhardt Joachim Buldt Henning Stark Steffen Hädrich jan rothhardt Jens Limpert Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaAlbert-Einstein-Str.1507745 JenaGermany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Active Fiber Systems GmbH Ernst-Ruska-Ring 1707745 JenaGermany. Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str.707745 JenaGermany.

High harmonic generation(HHG)enables coherent extreme-ultraviolet(XUV)radiation with ultra-short pulse duration in a table-top *** has already enabled a plethora of *** all of these applications would benefit from a high photon flux to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and decrease measurement *** addition,shortest pulses are desired to investigate fastest dynamics in fields as diverse as physics,biology,chemistry and material *** this work,the up-to-date most powerful table-top XUV source with 12.9±3.9mW in a single harmonic line at 26.5 eV is demonstrated via HHG of a frequency-doubled and post-compressed fibre *** the same time the spectrum supports a Fourier-limited pulse duration of sub-6 fs in the XUV,which allows accessing ultrafast dynamics with an order of magnitude higher photon flux than previously *** concept will greatly advance and facilitate applications of XUV radiation in science and technology and enable photonhungry ultrafast studies.

关键词： ultraviolet extreme coherent

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Visualizing the ultra-structure of microorganisms using table-top extreme ultraviolet imaging

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PhotoniX 2023年第1期4卷 605-619页

作者： Chang Liu Wilhelm Eschen Lars Loetgering Daniel S.Penagos Molina Robert Klas Alexander Iliou Michael Steinert Sebastian Herkersdorf Alexander Kirsche Thomas Pertsch Falk Hillmann Jens Limpert jan rothhardt Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1507745 JenaGermany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Present address:Carl Zeiss AG Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 1007745 JenaGermany Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute(Leibniz-HKI)Adolf-Reichwein-Str.2307745 JenaGermany Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Hans Knöll Institute(HKI)Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaWinzerlaer Straße 207745 JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str.707745 JenaGermany Present address:Biochemistry/Biotechnology Faculty of EngineeringHochschule Wismar University of Applied Sciences TechnologyBusiness and DesignPhilipp-Müller-Str.1423966 WismarGermany

Table-top extreme ultraviolet(EUV)microscopy offers unique opportunities for label-free investigation of biological ***,we demonstrate ptychographic EUV imaging of two dried,unstained model specimens:germlings of a fungus(Aspergillus nidulans),and bacteria(Escherichia coli)cells at 13.5 nm *** find that the EUV spectral region,which to date has not received much attention for biological imaging,offers sufficient penetration depths for the identification of intracellular *** implementing a position-correlated ptychography approach,we demonstrate a millimeter-squared field of view enabled by infrared illumination combined with sub-60 nm spatial resolution achieved with EUV illumination on selected regions of *** strong element contrast at 13.5 nm wavelength enables the identification of the nanoscale material composition inside the *** work will advance and facilitate EUV imaging applications and enable further possibilities in life science.

关键词： EUV Ptychography Microorganism HHG

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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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The role of zonal flows in reactive fluid closures

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第7期20卷 41-49页

作者： jan weiland Chalmers University of Technology and EURATOM-VR Association SE-41296 GothenburgSweden

We will give an overview of results obtained by our reactive fluid model. It is characterised as a fluid model where all moments with sources in the experiment are kept. Furthermore, full account is taken for the highest moments appearing in unexpanded denominators also including full toroidicity. It has been demonstrated that the strength of zonal flows is dramatically larger in reactive fluid closures than in those which involve dissipation. This gives a direct connection between the fluid closure and the level of excitation of turbulence. This is because zonal flows are needed to absorb the inverse cascade in quasi 2D turbulence. This also explains the similarity in structure of the transport coefficients in our model with a reactive closure in the energy equation and models which have a reactive closure because of zero ion temperature such as the Hasegawa-Wakatani model. Our exact reactive closure unifies several well-known features of tokamak experiments such as the L-H transition, internal transport barriers and the nonlinear Dimits upshift of the critical gradient for onset of transport. It also gives transport of the same level as that in nonlinear gyrokinetic codes. Since these include the kinetic resonance this confirms the validity of the thermodynamic properties of our model. Furthermore, we can show that while a strongly nonlinear model is needed in kinetic theory a quasilinear model is sufficient in the fluid description. Thus our quasilinear fluid model will be adequate for treating all relevant problems in bulk transport. This is finally confirmed by the reproduction by the model of the experimental power scaling of the confinement time Te ~ P-2/3. This confirms the validity of our reactive fluid model. This also gives credibility to our ITER simulations including the H-mode barrier. A new result is here, that alpha heating strongly reduces the slope of the H-mode barrier. This should significantly reduce the effects of ELM＇s.

关键词： turbulent transport improved mixing length estimates zonal flows toroidicity

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Comparative study of electrostatic sensors with circular and probe electrodes for velocity measurement of pulverised coal

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第11期28卷 1921-1926页

作者： Krabicka jan Department of Electronics University of Kent

This paper presents recent progress on the velocity measurement of pulverised coal in pneumatic pipelines using electrostatic sensors in combination with correlation signal processing techniques.A comparative study of electrostatic sensors with circular and probe electrodes was conducted on a 94 mm bore horizontal pipeline in a 4 MW *** advantages and limitations of both sensors are *** results demonstrate that both sensors are capable of providing pulverised coal velocity measurement with excellent repeatability and dynamic response.

关键词：电话无线电电子仪器技术性能

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Grain Size Distribution of Soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: An Indicator of Basic Mechanical Properties for Slope Stability Evaluation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 563-577页

作者： jan NOVOTNY jan KLIME ARCADIS CZ a.s. Institute of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics Charles University in Prague Albertov Department of Engineering Geology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin(glacial, fluvial, or debris flow). The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System(USCS). These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines(Group A, 7%-21.5%; Group B, 21%-65%). The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution werealso used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities.

关键词： Moraines Grain size distribution Shearstrength Hydraulic conductivity Cordillera Blanca Peru

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A new GIS-compatible methodology for visibility analysis in digital surface models of earth sites

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 21-33页

作者： Katerina Ruzickova jan Ruzicka jan Bitta VSB–Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic

As a GIS tool,visibility analysis is used in many areas to evaluate both visible and non-visible *** analysis builds on a digital surface model describing the terrain morphology,including the position and shapes of all objects that can sometimes act as visibility ***,some barriers,for example vegetation,may be permeable to a certain *** extensive research and use of visibility analysis in different areas,standard GIS tools do not take permeability into *** article presents a new method to calculate visibility through partly permeable *** method is based on a quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with 100 iterations of visibility *** iteration result represents 1%of vegetation permeability,which can thus range from 1%to 100%visibility behind vegetation *** main advantage of the method is greater accuracy of visibility results and easy implementation on any GIS *** incorporation of the proposed method in GIS software would facilitate work in many fields,such as architecture,archaeology,radio communication,and the military.

关键词： Digital surface model Visibility analysis Topographic data processing Obstacle object Permeability

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The effect of Tyrophagus putrescentiae on Fusarium poae transmission and fungal community in stored barley in a laboratory experiment

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 65-73页

作者： jan Hubert Marta Nesvorna jan Kopecky Crop Research Institute Praha 6 Czech Repubfic

The effect of Tyrophagus putrescentiae on Fusarium poae transmission and fungal community composition was studied in nonsterile barley grain. The experiments included following treatments： control barley without mites; barley containing l0 or 50 mites without preincubation on E poae （Tpl0 and TpS0）; barley containing 10 or 50 mites after preincubation on E poae （FTp 10 and FTp50）. The number of mites, suc cessful transfer of E poae, and changes in the fungal communities were examined after 21 d of experiment. Increase of deoxynivalenol （DON） content in the barley was chosen as a criterion of successful Epoae transfer. The preincubation of T. putrescentiae on Epoae increased DON level approximately to 800 and 300μg/kg of grain for FTpl0 and FTpS0, respectively. T. putrescentiae population growth in FTpl0 was lower than in Tpl0, while no difference was found between FTp50 and Tp50. Fungal communities were compared by amplification, cloning and sequencing of ITS fragments, and operational taxonomic units （OTU） analysis. The OTU analysis did not support the transfer ofF. poae via mites. From the analyzed clones, only 13 cloned sequences clustered with E poae in an OTU defined at distance level 0.07. The related clones originated from FTpl0, Tpl 0, Tp50 and control treatments, but not from FTp50. However, the presence of E poae in FTp50 was confirmed by PCR amplification with specific primers. The observation may be explained by different effect of mite population density, that is, in the high density, （FTp50 treatment） the fungus was overgrazed, while the lower population density （FTp 10） supported E poae transfer.

关键词： barley deoxinivalenol (DON) Fusariumpoae mites mycotoxin storage

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