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Progress towards onchocerciasis elimination in the participating countries of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: epidemiological evaluation results

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 557-581页

作者： Afework H.Tekle Honorath G.M.Zouré Mounkaila Noma Michel Boussinesq Luc E.Coffeng Wilma A.Stolk jan H.f.Remme African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands 120 rue des Campanules OrnexFrance

Background:The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control(APOC)was created in 1995 to establish community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTi)in order to control onchocerciasis as a public health problem in 20 African countries that had 80%of the global disease *** research showed that CDTi may ultimately eliminate onchocerciasis infection,APOC was given in 2008 the additional objective to determine when and where treatment can be safely *** report the results of epidemiological evaluations undertaken from 2008 to 2014 to assess progress towards elimination in CDTi areas with≥6 years ***:Skin snip surveys were undertaken in samples of first-line villages to determine the prevalence of *** *** were two evaluation *** decline in prevalence was evaluated in phase *** and model-predicted prevalences were compared after correcting for endemicity level and treatment *** statistics and Monte Carlo simulation were used to classify the decline in prevalence as faster than predicted,on track or *** the prevalence approached elimination levels,phase 1B was launched to determine if treatment could be safely *** sampling was extended to the whole CDTi *** data were analysed within a Bayesian framework to determine if stopping criteria(overall prevalencefrom 639 villages in 54 areas were *** prevalence had fallen *** decline in prevalence was faster than predicted in 23 areas,on track in another 23 and delayed in eight *** phase 1B 108636 people in 392 villages were examined in 22 areas of which 13 met the epidemiological criteria for stopping ***,32 areas(25.4 million people)had reached or were close to elimination,18 areas(17.4 million)were on track but required more years treatment,and in eight areas(10.4 million)progress was unsatisfactory.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Ivermectin APOC Elimination Community-directed treatment ONCHOSIM

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fluid-rock interaction in retrograde granulites of the Southern Marginal Zone,Limpopo high grade terrain,South Africa

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Geoscience frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 673-682页

作者： jan Marten Huizenga Dirk van Reenen Jacques L.R.Touret Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management North-West UniversityPrivate Bag X60012520South Africa Economic Geology Research Institute(EGRU) School of Earth and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia Department of Geology University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Institut de Mineralogie.de Physique des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie(IMPMC) Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR CNRS 7590 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.IRD UMR 206.4 Place Jussieu.f-75005

fluid infiltration into retrograde granulites of the Southern Marginal Zone （Limpopo high grade terrain） is exemplified by hydration reactions, shear zone hosted metasomatism, and lode gold mineralisation. Hydration reactions include the breakdown of cordierite and orthopyroxene to gedrite ＋ kyanite, and anthophyllite, respectively. Metamorphic petrology, fluid inclusions, and field data indicate that a low H2O-activity carbon-saturated CO2-rich and a saline aqueous fluid infiltrated the Southern Marginal Zone during exhumation. The formation of anthophyllite after orthopyroxene established a regional retrograde anthophyllite-in isograd and occurred at P-Tconditions of -6 kbar and 610 ℃, which fixes the minimum mole fraction of H20 in the CO2-rich fluid phase at ~ 0.1. The maximum H20 mole fraction is fixed by the lower temperature limit （~800 ℃） for partial melting at -0.3. C-O-H fluid calculations show that the CO2-rich fluid had an oxygen fugacity that was 0.6 log10 units higher than that of the fayalite-magnetite- quartz buffer and that the CO2/（CO2＋CH4） mole ratio of this fluid was 1. The presence of dominantly relatively low density CO2-rich fluid inclusions in the hydrated granulites indicates that the fluid pressure was less than the lithostatic pressure. This can be explained by strike slip faulting and/or an increase of the rock permeability caused by hydration reactions.

关键词： GranulitefluidLimpopoRetrogradeSouthern Marginal Zone

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The effect of the dietary inclusion of pea seeds of colored-flowered and white-flowered varieties on gastrointestinal function in turkeys

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 167-177页

作者： Zenon Zdunczyk Dariusz Mikulski jan jankowski Bogdan A.Slominski Jerzy Juskiewicz Institute of Animal Reproduction and food Research Polish Academy of SciencesOlsztyn 10-748Poland Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture University of Warmia and MazuryOlsztyn 10-718Poland Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3T 2N2Canada

This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with graded levels of pea seeds(PS)on the gastrointestinal function of *** of 2 pea varieties,a colored-flowered variety and a white-flowered variety(CfP and WfP,respectively)were fed to 56-d-old birds for 8 wk.A total of 539 female Hybrid turkeys were allocated to 7 groups,each group consisted of 7 pens with 11 birds per *** experiment had a 2-factorial design,with 3 dietary inclusion levels of PS(100,200 and 300 g/kg)and 2 pea varieties(CfP and WfP).The control group(diets without PS)was compared with CfP and WfP treatments by simple contrast *** comparison with CfP seeds,WfP seeds contained 7-fold less tannins(0.67 vs.4.66 g/kg)and less non-starch polysaccharides(NSP,117.8 vs.132.7 g/kg),but more trypsin inhibitors(1.34 vs.0.98 g/kg)and starch(489 vs.455 g/kg).A rise in the PS content of diets from 100 to 200 and 300 g/kg increased the weight of the small intestine(P=0.031)and the dry matter(DM)content of intestinal digesta(P=0.001),but it had no effect on the pH of *** the highest PS content differentiated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids(SCfAs)in the small intestinal digesta(WfP>CfP,P=0.008),whereas PS did not cause any changes in the morphological parameters of the small intestinal *** dietary inclusion of PS had no influence on the levels of acetate,butyrate,putrefactive SCfAs or total SCfAs in the cecal *** from increasing the activities of b-glucosidase(P=0.017)and b-galactosidase(P=0.025),pea varieties did not affect the activities of the analyzed cecal microbial ***,CfP seeds decreased the DM content(P=0.041)and increased the pH of cecal digesta,compared with WfP seeds(P=0.013).The results of this study,pointing to a few differences in the functional parameters of the small intestine and cecum,indicate that tannins are not a factor differentiating the suitability of CfP and WfP seeds in the nutrition of f

关键词： Pea Tannin Growth performance Gastrointestinal tract Turkey

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Plasma reference value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, the earliest available plasma biomarker of acute myocardial infarction

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Health 2013年第8期5卷 1206-1209页

作者： jan f. C. Glatz Ron Mohren Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands fABPulous B.V. Oxfordlaan 55 Maastricht The Netherlands

More rapid triaging of patients suspected for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is needed to facilitate early initiation of appropriate therapy in patients with AMI and to exclude low-risk patients who can safely be sent home. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-fABP) is established to be the earliest available plasma marker for AMI diagnosis. There is a paucity of data on circulating levels of H-fABP in the general population. In this study we applied a H-fABP immunoassay with improved analytical performance to assess plasma H-fABP reference values in a relatively large group (n = 443) of healthy subjects aged 18-69 y. Mean (±SD) plasma H-fABP concentration was 1.7 ± 0.9 ng/mL, with somewhat higher values found in males than in females. Plasma H-fABP also increases with age, as previously reported. The 99th centile was obtained for subjects aged 41-69 years and amounted to 5.6 ng/mL.

关键词： Acute Coronary Syndromes Acute Myocardial Infarction H-fABP Plasma Reference Value

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聚皂凝胶在溶液中的溶胀-消溶胀研究

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高分子学报 1999年第3期9卷 362-367页

作者：杨亚江华中理工大学化学系

聚皂是一类疏水改性的聚合物电解质，在其大分子结构中既带有亲水基团又带有疏水基团．通过一定程度的交联，可获得聚皂水凝胶．与近年来颇受关注的智能聚合物水凝胶一样，聚皂凝胶也表现出了相当的环境敏感特性．一般来说，聚合物水凝... 详细信息

聚皂是一类疏水改性的聚合物电解质，在其大分子结构中既带有亲水基团又带有疏水基团．通过一定程度的交联，可获得聚皂水凝胶．与近年来颇受关注的智能聚合物水凝胶一样，聚皂凝胶也表现出了相当的环境敏感特性．一般来说，聚合物水凝胶的ｐＨ敏感特性取决于分子链上所含...

关键词：聚皂凝胶 pH敏感性溶胀消溶胀溶液共聚二烯丙基胺

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Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide films fabrication for potential environmental sensing and nonlinear photonics

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第5期8卷 1009-1019页

作者： Tomas Halenkovic Marion Baillieul jan Gutwirth Petr Nemec Virginie Nazabal Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 57353210PardubiceCzech Republic Univ Rennes CNRSISCR(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)e UMR 6226F-35000RennesFrance

Quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide thin films were fabricated by rf magnetron sputtering from Ge_(19)Sb_(17)Se_(64-x)Te_(x)(x=5,10,15,20)sputtering targets in order to select appropriate compositions for infrared sensor and optical nonlinear *** influence of chemical composition and deposition parameters on the optical properties,structure and wettability was thus *** amorphous thin films seem to be constituted by selenide entities that can include tellurium atoms in variable proportion such as[GeSe_(4-x)Te_(x)]and[SbSe_(3-x)Te_(x)](x=0,1,2)and Ge(Sb)-Ge(Sb)bonds according to Raman *** angle measurements of the thin films showed values of 68e71for water and their surface energies in the range of~36e39 mJ$m-2 seem suitable for surface functionalization required for photonic sensor ***,the maximum nonlinearity at the telecom wavelength with respect to the highest figure of merit value was found for the thin film with composition Ge_(19)Sb_(17)Se56Te8 having nonlinear refractive index of 28×10^(-18) m2·W^(-1).Due to their low optical bandgap energies,they may find their full interest for nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared *** IR transparency in combination with high(non)linear refractive indices make these materials attractive in the field of midIR sensing and optical nonlinear devices.

关键词： Chalcogenide Thin films Glass Amorphous Optical properties NLO Contact angles Sputtering Raman

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Subspecific variation in sperm morphology and performance in the Long-tailed finch (Poephila acuticauda)

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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 225-234页

作者： Melissah Rowe Simon C.Griffith Antje Hofgaard jan T.Lifjeld Natural History Museum University of Oslo Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Electron Microscopical Unit for Biological Sciences Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo

Background: Evolutionary biology endeavours to explain biological diversity,and as such it is critical to develop an understanding of the adaptive and functional significance of trait *** exhibit remarkable levels of morphological ***,our understanding of the evolutionary causes and functional significance of this variation is limited,especially at the intraspecific ***: We quantified variation in sperm morphology and performance between two subspecies of Long-tailed finch(Poephila acuticauda acuticauda and ***),a small grassfinch found in tropical northern *** a zone of secondary contact,these subspecies are maintained as two distinct forms: *** occurs in the western part of the species' range and has a yellow bill,while *** exhibits a red bill and is found in the eastern part of the ***: We found small,but significant differences in sperm size between these subspecies(*** had longer and narrower sperm than ***),which was surprising given the recent evolutionary origins of these two taxa(i.e.0.3 million years ago).Additionally,both subspecies exhibited high values of between- and within-male variation in sperm morphology,though in the case of sperm midpiece length this variation was significantly lower in *** relative to ***: We suggest these observed differences in sperm morphology are the result of genetic drift and reflect historical processes associated with divergence between the eastern and western populations of these two ***,we discuss the potential implications of our findings for the process of population divergence and reproductive isolation.

关键词： Passerine Reproductive barriers Sperm evolution Structure-function relationships

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Observing charge separation in nanoantennas via ultrafast point-projection electron microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 532-539页

作者： jan Vogelsang Germann Hergert Dong Wang Petra Groß Christoph Lienau Carl von Ossietzky Universität Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science26129 OldenburgNiedersachsenGermany TU Ilmenau Institut für Werkstofftechnik und Institut für Mikro-und Nanotechnologien98693 IlmenauThüringenGermany Carl von Ossietzky Universität Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik26129 OldenburgNiedersachsenGermany Department of Physics Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden

Observing the motion of electrons on their natural nanometer length and femtosecond time scales is a fundamental goal of and an open challenge for contemporary ultrafast science1–*** present,optical techniques and electron microscopy mostly provide either ultrahigh temporal or spatial resolution,and microscopy techniques with combined space-time resolution require further development6–*** this study,we create an ultrafast electron source via plasmon nanofocusing on a sharp gold taper and implement this source in an ultrafast point-projection electron *** source is used in an optical pump—electron probe experiment to study ultrafast photoemissions from a nanometer-sized plasmonic antenna12–*** probe the real space motion of the photoemitted electrons with a 20-nm spatial resolution and a 25-fs time resolution and reveal the deflection of probe electrons by residual holes in the *** is a step toward time-resolved microscopy of electronic motion in nanostructures.

关键词： projection separation sized

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Q-P Process Optimization With the Use of Quenching Dilatometer

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 417-421页

作者： Hauserová Daniela Novy Zbysek Motyka Petr Dzugan jan COMTES fHT a.s. Prumyslová 995334 41 DobranyCzech Republic

The current efforts in production of low-alloyed steels are aimed at achieving high ultimate and yield strengths,while maintaining sufficient elongation and good weldability in these *** advanced heat treatment processes capable of reaching this goal,there is also the Q-P process (Quenching and Partitioning).The process consists in rapid quenching of the material between the M s and M f temperatures in order to prevent full martensitic *** immediately following heating leads to tempering of the martensite and to diffusion of excess carbon from martensite to retained *** increases the stability of the *** aim of the Q-P process is to produce very fine martensite microstructure with retained austenite between martensite *** experimental programme was carried out on a high-strength low-alloyed steel containing 0.2% carbon and a higher amount of silicon about 1.5%.Higher silicon content in the microstructure contributes to stabilization of retained austenite by suppressing formation of *** grade of steel is an advantageous material thanks to its low amount of alloying *** group of low-alloyed steels,if heat treated or thermomechanically treated in a suitable manner,offers a favourable combination of strength,elongation and *** paper is aimed at possibility of the Q-P process optimization with the use of quenching *** experimental material is CMnSiMo *** process optimization consists of standard samples treatment in laboratory furnaces and *** procedure can be time consuming with higher requirements on the experimental ***,it was proposed that the Q-P process optimization can be done with the use of quenching dilatometer and in this way the development of new procedures can be accelerated.Q-P processes were conducted in the standard way and with the aid of a *** of the obtained results provided by the standard procedure and

关键词： Q-P process dilatometer low-alloyed steel

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Boron isotopic variations in tourmaline from metacarbonates and associated calc-silicate rocks from the Bohemian Massif: Constraints on boron recycling in the Variscan orogen

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Geoscience frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 219-230页

作者： Lukas Krmcek Milan Novak Robert B.Trumbull jan Cempirek Stanislav Houzar Department of Geological Sciences Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityKotlarska 2CZ-61137BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojova 269CZ-16502Prague 6Czech Republic Brno University of Technology Faculty of Civil EngineeringAdMaS CentreVeve■rí95CZ-60200BrnoCzech Republic GfZ German Research Centre for Geosciences TelegrafenbergD-14473PotsdamGermany Department of Mineralogy and Petrography Moravian MuseumZelnyTrh 6CZ-67401BrnoCzech Republic

Various metacarbonate and associated calc-silicate rocks form minor but genetically significant components of the lithological units in the Bohemian Massif of the Variscan orogen in Central *** rocks vary in terms of their lithostratigraphy,chemical composition and mineral assemblage(dolomite/calcite ratio,silicate abundance).Tourmaline is present in five paragenetic settings within the metacarbonate and calc-silicate ***Ⅰcomprises individual,euhedral,prismatic grains and grain aggregates in a carbonate-dominant(calcite±dolomite)matrix poor in ***Ⅱis characterized by euhedral to subhedral grains and coarse-to fine-grained aggregates in silicate-rich layers/nests within metacarbonate bodies whereas typeⅢoccurs as prismatic grains and aggregates at the contact zones between carbonate and associated silicate host ***Ⅳis in veins crosscutting metacarbonate bodies,and typeⅣtourmaline occurs at the exocontacts of elbaite-subtype granitic *** from the different settings shows distinctive compositional *** for typeⅠare Mg-rich compositions,with fluor-uvite>dravite>>*** from typeⅡsilicate-rich layers/nests are highly variable,corresponding to oxy-schorl,magnesio-foitite,Al-rich dravite and *** for typeⅢtourmalines are Ca,Ti-bearing oxy-dravite *** typeⅣveins feature dravite and fluor-uvite tourmaline compositions whereas typeⅤtourmaline is Li,f-rich *** is the only Bbearing phase in paragenetic typesⅠ-Ⅳ,where it is characterised by two principal ranges of B-isotope composition(δ^11B=-13‰to-9‰and-18‰to-14‰).These ranges correspond to regionally different units of the Moldanubian ***,the Svratka Unit(Moldanubian Zone s.l.)contains only isotopically lighter tourmaline(δ^11B=-18‰to-14‰),whereas metacarbonates in the Poli?ka unit(Teplá-Barrandian Zone)and Olesnice unit(Moravicum of the Moravo-Silesian Zone)has exclusively isotopically heav

关键词： Boron isotopes Tourmaline Metacarbonates Moldanubicum Variscan orogeny

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