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Traumatic brain injury induced by exposure to blast overpressure via ear canal

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 115-121页

作者： Yang Ou brad AClifton Jinghui Li David Sandlin Na Li Li w. Chunming Zhang Tianw.n Chen Jun Huang Yue Yu Jerome Allison Fan Fan Richard JRoman james Shaffery w. Zhou Yi Pang Hong Zhu Departmant of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences MD Program School of Medicine Graduate Program in Neuroscience Department of Pediatrics Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA Kunming Medical University KunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Department of Otolaryngology First Affiliated HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina

Exposure to explosive shockw.ve often leads to blast-induced traumatic brain injury in military and civilian *** ears are most often damaged follow.ng exposure to *** there is an association betw.en tympanic membrane perforation and TBI in blast exposure victims,little is know. about how.and to w.at extent blast energy is transmitted to the central nervous system via the external ear *** present study investigated w.ether exposure to blasts directed through the ear canal causes brain injury in LongEvans *** w.re exposed to a single blast(0–30 pounds per square inch(psi))through the ear canal,and brain injury w.s evaluated by histological and behavioral outcomes at multiple *** exposure not only caused tympanic membrane perforation but also produced substantial neuropathological changes in the brain,including increased expression of c-Fos,induction of a profound chronic neuroinflammatory response,and apoptosis of *** blast-induced injury w.s not limited only to the brainstem most proximal to the source of the blast,but also affected the forebrain including the hippocampus,amygdala and the habenula,w.ich are all involved in cognitive ***,the animals exhibited long-term neurological deficits,including signs of anxiety in open field tests 2 months follow.ng blast exposure,and impaired learning and memory in an 8-arm maze 12 months follow.ng blast *** results suggest that the unprotected ear canal provides a locus for blast w.ves to cause *** study w.s approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Mississippi Medical Center(Animal protocol#0932 E,approval date:September 30,2016 and 0932 F,approval date:September 27,2019).

关键词： anxiety blast ear ear protection learning memory microglia neuroinflammation neuron rat traumatic brain injury

Evaluating the Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1167-1183页

作者： Kequan ZHANG Jiakang DUAN Siyi ZHAO Jiankai ZHANG james KEEBLE Hongw.n LIU Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Total column ozone(TCO)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is low.r than that over other regions at the same latitude,particularly in *** feature is know. as the“TP ozone valley”.This study evaluates long-term changes in TCO and the ozone valley over the TP from 1984 to 2100 using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The TP ozone valley consists of tw. low.centers,one is located in the upper troposphere and low.r stratosphere(UTLS),and the other is in the middle and upper ***,the CMIP6 models simulate the low.ozone center in the UTLS w.ll and capture the spatial characteristics and seasonal cycle of the TP ozone valley,w.th spatial correlation coefficients betw.en the modeled TCO and the Multi Sensor Reanalysis version 2(MSR2)TCO observations greater than 0.8 for all CMIP6 *** analysis reveals that models w.ich use fully coupled and online stratospheric chemistry schemes simulate the anticorrelation betw.en the 150 hPa geopotential height and zonal anomaly of TCO over the TP better than models w.thout interactive chemistry *** suggests that coupled chemical-radiative-dynamical processes play a key role in the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models underestimate the low.center in the middle and upper stratosphere w.en compared w.th the Microw.ve Limb Sounder(MLS)***,the bias in the middle and upper stratospheric ozone simulations has a marginal effect on the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models predict the TP ozone valley in summer w.ll deepen in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau stratospheric ozone ozone valley CMIP6

Does Anesthesiologist-Directed Sedation Afford Superior Deep Cannulation Rates and Procedural Outcomes for ERCP in the Community Setting?

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期6卷 46-52页

作者： brad Bow.er Kathy Geissler Robert Barclay Sumeet Tew.ni james Frakes Nicholas Brow. Matthew.Houlihan Kunal Patel Andrew.Spiel Rockford Gastroenterology Associates Rockford IL USA University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford Rockford IL USA

Aim: To compare outcomes by sedation class in community patients undergoing index endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: Nineteen hundred sixteen consecutive patients underw.nt ERCP from May 2005 to May 2011. Eight hundred thirty seven patients w.re excluded due to prior papillary intervention or attempted ERCP. A total of 1079 patients w.re included. The 981 patients w.o underw.nt gastroenterologist directed sedation (GDS) served as the control population, w.ile the 98 patients w.o received anesthesiologist directed sedation (ADS) served as the case population. Medical records w.re analyzed for patient demographics, procedure indication, adverse events, case complexity, procedural failure and sedation failure. Case complexity w.s defined by the grading system proposed by the w.rking party of the ASGE Quality Committee. Sedation failure w.s defined by agitation or airw.y compromise prompting termination of the ERCP. Reasons for procedural failure included surgically altered anatomy, luminal obstruction, and technical failure. Study endpoint w.s defined as successful deep cannulation of the intended target duct. Results: Demographic distribution did not differ betw.en the GDS and the ADS groups. Cannulation success rates w.re similar betw.en the tw. groups, w.th 89.85% in the GDS group, and 89.58% in the ADS group (P = 0.864). There w.re no statistical differences betw.en sedation groups in procedural or respiratory adverse events. Technical failure w.s the predominant basis for deep cannulation failure in both groups. Agitation and airw.y compromise accounted for deep cannulation failure similarly in both groups. The need for reversal agents w.s low.but similar in both groups. There w.s no statistical advantage in deep cannulation success rate by complexity grade in either sedation class. Conclusion: Excellent procedural outcomes and low.adverse event rates w.re achieved using GDS, a more accessible and cost-effective method in a community-b

关键词： ERCP Community-Based Medicine Conscious Sedation Anesthesiologist-Directed Sedation Gastroenterologist-Directed Sedation

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你准备好迎接“大数据”时代了吗？

商学院 2011年第12期 18-20页

作者： brad Brow. Michael Chui james Manyika 麦肯锡纽约分公司麦肯锡全球研究院

美国一家颇具规模的零售企业的营销高管最近发现自己看不懂销售报告了。它的一家主要竞争对手正在一系列业务领域持续扩大市场份额。尽管打出了在线促销和优化销售的组合拳进行反击，但她的公司还是不断丢城失地。

关键词：零售企业市场份额业务领域竞争对手组合拳销售高管营销

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“海量数据”的挑战与机遇

金融电子化 2012年第6期 40-44页

作者： brad Brow. Michael Chui james Manyika 麦肯锡全球研究院

随着运用越来越尖端技术软件与不断提高的计算能力相结合,从数据中提取洞见的能力也在显著提高。此外,由于越来越多的人、设备和传感器通过数字网络连接起来,产生、传送、分享和访问数据的能力也得到彻底变革。2010年,超过40亿人(世界... 详细信息

随着运用越来越尖端技术软件与不断提高的计算能力相结合,从数据中提取洞见的能力也在显著提高。此外,由于越来越多的人、设备和传感器通过数字网络连接起来,产生、传送、分享和访问数据的能力也得到彻底变革。2010年,超过40亿人(世界人口的60%)在使用手机,其中大约12%拥有智能电话——其渗透率以每年20%以上的速度增长。如今,3000多万联网传感器节点分布在交通、汽车、工业、公用事业和零售部门,其数量正以每年30%以上的速度增长。

关键词：海量数据企业企业管理数据集剩余价值

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12.全球变暖

商业周刊（中文版） 2014年第24期 96-98页

作者： james Hansen brad w.eners 贾慧娟

1988年，时任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）戈达德太空研究所所长的詹姆斯一汉森（jamesHansen），在华盛顿一次参议院听证会上首次公开提出“全球变暖”的说法。1980年代以来，我在好几次听证会上傲过证，都没什么效果，最近的一次就在1... 详细信息

1988年，时任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）戈达德太空研究所所长的詹姆斯一汉森（jamesHansen），在华盛顿一次参议院听证会上首次公开提出“全球变暖”的说法。1980年代以来，我在好几次听证会上傲过证，都没什么效果，最近的一次就在1987年年底。听证会之后，我与安排听证会的国会工作人员见面。

关键词：全球变暖美国国家航空航天局听证会 80年代工作人员詹姆斯研究所戈达德

Biomaterials for refractive correction:corneal onlays and inlays

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第4期57卷 501-509页

作者： w. Jian FUNDERBURGH james L w.GNER w.lliam R McGow.n Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh

Corneal inlays and onlays represent a means of providing patients w.th permanent refractive error correction. As an alternative to conventional spectacles and contact lens, these techniques are less invasive compared w.th laser-based refractive surgery and are reversible. In this review. w. provide a brief overview.of the anatomic microstructure of the human cornea, indicating the primary physiological function for each component. Next, the w.de range of biomaterials used as corneal inlays and onlays are considered, from synthetic polymers to biological components derived from the extracellular matrix. The limitations and challenges associated w.th the most common materials are discussed as is the need to improve their properties to achieve long-term, complication-free intraocular implantation. Finally, the prospect of applying tissue engineering strategies is noted for its potential to generate autologous corneal tissue that could be implanted as the optimal inlay or onlay materials.

关键词：屈光矫正生物材料角膜隐形眼镜合成聚合物细胞外基质屈光不正显微结构

Inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces retina regeneration in zebrafish

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 367-374页

作者： Matthew.R.Kent Nergis Kara james G.Patton Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

A potential treatment for retinal diseases is to induce an endogenous Müller glia(MG)-derived regenerative response to replace damaged *** contrast to mammalian MG,zebrafish MG are capable of mediating spontaneous *** seek to define the mechanisms that enable retina regeneration in zebrafish in order to identify therapeutic targets to induce mammalian retina *** previously used pharmacological and genetic methods to inhibit gamma aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptors in undamaged zebrafish retinas and show.d that such inhibition could induce initiation of retina regeneration,as measured by the dedifferentiation of MG and the appearance of MG-derived proliferating progenitor ***,w. show.that inhibition of a pharmacologically distinct subset of GABAA receptors(GABAA-ρ)can also induce retina *** inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes led to enhanced retina *** expression analyses indicate that inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces a canonical retinal regenerative *** results support a model in w.ich decreased levels of GABA,such as w.uld occur after retinal cell death or damage,induce dedifferentiation of MG and the generation of proliferating progenitor cells during zebrafish retina *** experiments w.re approved by the Vanderbilt's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(Protocol M1800200)on January 29,2019.

关键词： gamma aminobutyric acid morpholino Müller glia neurotransmitter regeneration retina stem cells zebrafish

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北极海冰对平流层臭氧损耗的响应

Science Bulletin 2022年第11期67卷 1182-1190页

作者：张健恺田文寿 John A.Pyle james Keeble Nathan Luke Abraham Martyn P.Chipperfield 谢飞杨清华牟龙江任宏利王林徐勉 College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Severe w.ather Institute of Tibetan Plateau&Polar MeteorologyChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

在过去40年里,北极地区经历了几次平流层臭氧极端损耗事件,但北极平流层臭氧极端损耗对气候系统的影响仍然不十分清楚.本文发现北极平流层臭氧的极端损耗与春、夏季喀拉海、拉普捷夫海和东西伯利亚海的海冰密集度及海冰厚度的减少存在联... 详细信息

在过去40年里,北极地区经历了几次平流层臭氧极端损耗事件,但北极平流层臭氧极端损耗对气候系统的影响仍然不十分清楚.本文发现北极平流层臭氧的极端损耗与春、夏季喀拉海、拉普捷夫海和东西伯利亚海的海冰密集度及海冰厚度的减少存在联系.这是由于平流层臭氧减少造成极地涡旋强度增强且持续时间延长,使得更多的海冰从巴伦支海-喀拉海和东西伯利亚海漂移到弗拉姆海峡,最终移出北极.此外,云层长波辐射和地表反照率辐射反馈增强了北极海冰的融化,特别是沿欧亚大陆海岸的海冰融化.本研究表明,准确预测北极海冰变化需要考虑平流层-对流层的相互作用对海冰的影响.

关键词：平流层臭氧东西伯利亚海北极海冰地表反照率喀拉海长波辐射拉普捷夫海海冰密集度