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Influence of Collective Boulder Array on the Surrounding Time-averaged and Turbulent Flow Fields

Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第6期11卷 1420-1428页

作者： Achilleas G.TSAKIRIS A.N.Thanos PAPANICOLAOU Seyed M.hAJIMIRZAIE james h.J.BUChhOLZ IIhR-hydroscience &Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52246-1585 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Tennessee at Knoxville 412 John D. Tickle Building Knoxville TN37996 USA South Florida WaterManagementDistrict WestPalm Beach FL 33416 USA

Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach *** their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been *** overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial *** objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being *** results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder's immediate vicinity in the streamwise(x/d c he boulder's immediate vicinity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally *** global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder *** importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied ***,the array was found to have a "homogenizing" effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed *** findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile ***,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport *** effects are enc

关键词： Boulder array Form drag Bed shear stress Time-averaged velocity Turbulence intensity

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Variations in Typhoon Landfalls over China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第5期23卷 665-677页

作者： Emily A.FOGARTY james B. ELSNER Thomas h. JAGGER Kam-biu LIU Kin-sheun LOUIE Department of Geography The Florida State University TallahasseeFlorida Department of Anthropology and Geography The Louisiana State University Department of Public and Social Administration City University of hong Kong

The interannual variability in typhoon landfalls over China is investigated using historical and modern records. For the purpose of substantiating and elaborating upon the claim of north to south variation in tropical cyclone activity over China, a north-to-south anti-correlation in yearly activity is confirmed in the historical cyclone records. When cyclone activity over the province of Guangdong is high （low）, it tends to be low （high） over the province of Fujian. A similar spatial variation is identified in the modern records using a factor analysis model, which delineates typhoon activity over the southern provinces of Guangdong and hainan from the activity over the northern provinces of Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shandong. A landfall index of typhoon activity representing the degree to which each year follows this pattern of activity is used to identify correlated climate variables. A useful statistical regression model that includes sea-level pressure differences between Mongolia and western China and sea-surface temperature （SST） over the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the summer explains 26% of the interannual variability of the landfall index. It is suggested that a stronger than normal north-south pressure gradient increases the surface easterly wind flow over northern China： this, coupled with lower SST over the Pacific, favors typhoons taking a more westerly track toward southern China.

关键词： typhoons southern China historical record climate variables

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Ever-increasing diversity of drug-induced pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2902-2915页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ryan B Perumpail Tej I Mehta Rutwik Patel james h Tabibian Department of Medicine Hackensack University-Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Interventional Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21205United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342 and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

With over 100000 hospital admissions per annum,acute pancreatitis remains the leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States and has farreaching impact well *** has become increasingly recognized that druginduced pancreatitis(DIP),despite accounting for less than 3%of all cases,represents an important and growing though often inconspicuous cause of acute ***,knowledge of DIP is often curtailed by the limited availability of evidence needed to implicate given agents,especially for nonprescription ***,the majority of available data is derived from case reports,case series,or case control ***,the mechanism of injury and causality for many of these drugs remain elusive as a definitive correlation is generally not established(have been proposed,but no single system has been widely adopted,and periodic updates are required in light of ongoing pharmacologic ***,infrequently prescribed medications or those available over-thecounter(including herbal and other alternative remedies)are often overlooked as a potential culprit of acute ***,we review the ever-increasing diversity of DIP and the potential mechanisms of injury with the goal of raising awareness regarding the nature and magnitude of this *** believe this manuscript will aid in increasing both primary and secondary prevention of DIP,thus ultimately facilitating more expedient diagnosis and a decrease in DIPrelated morbidity.

关键词： Drug-induced pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis Pharmacology Mechanism of action Inflammation Etiology

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Black,pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 249-257页

作者： Priscila L.S.Alves Jose De J Berrios james Pan Wallace h.Yokoyama Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureHealthy Processed Foods ResearchWestern Regional Research Center800 Buchanan St.AlbanyCA 94710USA

hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black,pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 *** efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heatlabile antinutrients were also *** fed a high fat diet containing 40%extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet(based on AIN-93G).Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour-based diets tended to be lower,ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dL,compared to 365 mg/dL for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33%lower,respectively,in the livers(freeze-dried)of hamsters fed the black turtle bean(BB)and pinto bean(PB)*** nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean(WB)diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.

关键词： Beans Extrusion Anti-obesity Bile acid Mice

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Vascular endothelial growth factor for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: An experimental study in canines

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第9期9卷 120-129页

作者： Zoe h Dailiana Nikolaos Stefanou Lubna Khaldi Georgios Dimakopoulos james R Bowers Cristian Fink james R Urbaniak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Thessalia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Department of Pathology "Saint Savvas" AntiCancer Hospital Medical Statistics Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus of the University of Ioannina Emerge Ortho Independence Park Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery Research Unit of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention Institute for Sports Medicine Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG)UMIT

AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFh) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METhODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFh was induced cryosurgically and one of the following solutions was administered locally in the femoral head(Fh) in each group: Single injection of 500 μg VEGF(t-VEGFμ group); single injection of 500 ng VEGF(t-VEGFn group); continuous delivery of 500 μg VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-μ group); continuous delivery of 500 ng VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-n group); single injection of 0.9% sodium chloride(t-NS group), while one group that served as control group did not receive any local solution(No-t group). Fhs were retrieved 12 wk postoperatively, underwent decalcification and hematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. In two canines per group, one half of Fh was processed without decalcification and stained with modified Masson Trichrome. histological sections were observed by light microscopy and measured with a semi-automatized bone histomorphometry system and Bone Volume/Total Volume(BV/TV), Marrow Volume/Total Volume(MaV/TV), and Trabecular Thickness(TbT h) were assessed. Standard and robust tests(Welch, Brown Forsythe) of analysis of variance along with multiple comparisons, were carried out among the *** The untreated(No-t) group had signs of osteonecrosis, whereas the VEGF groups revealed reversal of the osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis of the decalcified specimens revealed a significantly better BV/TV ratio and a higher Tb Th between the VEGF treatment groups(except the t-VEGFn group) and the No-t group or the control t-NS group. Single dose 500 μg VEGF group had significantly better BV/TV ratio and higher Tb Th when compared to the No-t group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 29.50 ± 12.27, P = 0.002 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.77 ± 35.15, P = 0.161 respectively) and the control t-NS group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 30.9 ± 6.67, P = 0.004 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs

关键词： Osteonecrosis Vascular endothelial growth factor Avascular necrosis Femoral head Osteogenesis Animal model

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Evaluating Contractors’ Safety Record and Its Influence on Performance of Road Infrastructural Projects

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2021年第2期9卷 203-228页

作者： james Mushori Charles Mallans Rambo Charles Misiko Wafula johnson Matu Project Planning and Management University of Nairobi Nairobi City Kenya School of Open and Distance Learning University of Nairobi Nairobi City Kenya

A number of studies conducted in Kenya and internationally indicated that most of the construction firms and contractors do not seem to strictly observe safety administration in construction industry, hence compromised performance at implementation stage of projects and even later in the post implementation or post-delivery stage. The study aimed to examine the influence of contractors’ safety record on road performance. This is to create better understanding of how the safety record of contractors could either positively or negatively influence performance of roads during post-delivery stage. The study used both descriptive survey research design and correlation design based on a pragmatic mixed method approach. Through stratified sampling and proportionate sampling, a sample of 210 was drawn from a population of 460 comprising of registered contractors and Public Service Vehicles (PSV) drivers within Nairobi County in Kenya. Questionnaires were distributed using simple random sampling. The questionnaires returned were 153 in total representing 72.8% of all questionnaires distributed to the respondents. Data was descriptively analyzed using percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviations for measuring central tendency and variability. Inferential analysis was done by use of correlation and regression. The descriptive analysis revealed that safety policy management system, insurance policy, and adequacy of standards in addressing safety outcome are to some extent practiced and adhered to. However, compliance behavior to safety procedures is still weak and requires improvement. The null hypothesis was tested and the results obtained from a simple linear regression indicated that, R = 0.657, R2

关键词： Contractors’ Safety Record Road Performance Road Safety Infrastructural Projects

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Biochar compost blends facilitate switchgrass growth in mine soils by reducing Cd and Zn bioavailability

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 97-114页

作者： Jeffrey M.Novak james A.Ippolito Donald W.Watts Gilbert C.Sigua Thomas F.Ducey Mark G.johnson Coastal Plains Soil Water and Plant Research CenterUnited States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceFlorenceSC 29501USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA National health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory United States Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisOR 97331USA

Biochars have the potential to reclaim mine-impacted soils;however,their variable physico-chemical properties incite specu-lation about their successful remediation *** investigation examined the capability of biochars produced from three different feedstocks along with a compost blend to improve switchgrass growth conditions in a mine-impacted soil by examining influences on soil ph,grass metal contents,and soil-extractable metal ***(Cd)-and zinc(Zn)-contaminated mine soil was collected from a site near Webb City,Missouri,USA-a location within the Tri-State Min-ing *** a full factorial design,soil was treated with a 0%,2.5%,and 5%(w/w)compost mixture(wood chips+beef cattle manure),and 0%,2.5%and 5%of each biochar pyrolyzed from beef cattle manure,poultry litter,and lodgepole pine ***(Panicum virgatum,‘Cave-In-Rock’variety)was grown in a greenhouse for 50 days and the mass of shoots(above-ground biomass)and roots was assessed,while soil ph,deionized h_(2)O-and 0.01 M CaCl_(2)-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations were *** litter biochar and compost had the greatest ability to raise soil ph(from 4.40 to 6.61),beef cattle manure biochar and compost moderately raised ph(from 4.4 to 5.92),and lodgepole pine biochar and compost weakly raised ph(from 4.40 to 5.05).Soils treated with beef cattle manure biochar,poultry litter biochar signifi-cantly reduced deionized h_(2)O-and 0.01 M CaCl_(2)-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations,while lodgepole pine biochar-treated soils showed mixed *** shoot and root masses were greatest in soil treated with compost in combination with either beef cattle manure biochar or poultry litter *** treated with 5%beef cattle manure biochar+5%compost had greater reductions in total Cd and Zn concentrations measured in switchgrass shoots and roots compared to the other two *** three biochars and compost mixtures applied to heavy metal,mine-im

关键词： Biochar heavy metals Metal sorption Tri-State Mine soil Remediation Switchgrass

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Effect of Probiotics on Juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus Gut Microbiota

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 564-572页

作者： XIONG Kai MIAO Fengze WAIhO Khor LIU Ximei FANG james K.h. hE Jinfeng hU Menghong WANG Youji Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China higher Institution Center of Excellence(hICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and FisheriesUniversity Malaysia TerengganuKuala TerengganuTerengganu20000Malaysia Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloon999077China Beihai Product Quality Testing Institute Beihai536000China

The population of tri-spine horseshoe crabs(hSCs)Tachypleus tridentatus has sharply decreased in recent *** and manual releasing are now used to recover *** order to accelerate the growth of *** in indoor environment,in this study,gut microbiota of 2nd instar *** was supposed to be improved by putting probiotics in water environment and thus promoted the health and growth of the *** 16S rRNA sequencing of gut samples,we examined the intestinal microbiome of juvenile hSCs and studied the effect of *** showed that there was no significant difference between groups fed with high and low concentrations(1×10^(7),1×10^(12)CFU mL^(−1))of Bacillus subtilis and high concentration(1×10^(12)CFU mL^(−1))of Lactobacillus,and no significant difference compared with the control group,but the diversity of Lactobacillus group with low concentration(1×10^(7)CFU mL^(−1))was significantly higher than those of other ***-mediated functions predicted by PICRUSt showed that‘Cellular Processes’,‘Metabolism’and‘Organismal Systems’pathways significantly increased in groups of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus group with low *** results showed that two types of probiotics with different concentrations have other effects on the structure,richness and function of intestinal *** searching the literature and conducting pre-experiments,we forecasted the short time of breeding under the probiotic environment may not have much *** present study for the first time investigated the impact of probiotics on gut microbiota of juvenile hSCs and found them may benefit for the growth and health of hSCs.

关键词： Tachypleus tridentatus probiotic gut microbiota diversity richness

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Dose estimation and shielding calculation for X-ray hazard at high intensity laser facilities

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第12期38卷 82-87页

作者：邱睿张辉杨博 james C.Liu Sayed h.Rokni Michael B.Woods 李君利 Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of high Energy Radiation Imaging Fundamental Science Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: 2575 Sand hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA

An ionizing radiation hazard produced from the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets has been observed. Laser-plasma interactions create “hot” electrons, which generate bremsstrahlung X-rays when they interact with ions in the target. however, up to now only limited studies have been conducted on this laser-induced radiological protection issue. In this paper, the physical process and characteristics of the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets are analyzed. The parameters of the radiation sources are discussed,including the energy conversion efficiency from laser to hot electrons, hot electron energy spectrum and electron temperature, and the bremsstrahlung X-ray energy spectrum produced by hot electrons. Based on this information,the X-ray dose generated with high-Z targets for laser intensities between 10^14 and 10^20W/cm^2 is estimated. The shielding effects of common shielding items such as the glass view port, aluminum chamber wall and concrete wall are also studied using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. This study provides a reference for the dose estimation and the shielding design of high intensity laser facilities.

关键词： X-ray high intensity laser dose shielding Monte Carlo

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Geoepidemiologic variation in outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of hepatology 2020年第4期12卷 116-124页

作者： Tej I Mehta Simcha Weissman Brian M Fung james h Tabibian Department of Medicine University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineSioux FallsSD 57108United States Department of Medicine Hackensack University-Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine Olive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States Department of Medicine UCLA-Olive View Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342and Health Sciences Clinical Associate ProfessorDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic,progressive,hepatobiliary disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intra-and extra-hepatic bile *** natural history is one that generally progresses towards cirrhosis,liver failure,cholangiocarcinoma,and ultimately disease-related death,with a median liver transplantation-free survival time of approximately 15-20 ***,despite its lethal nature,PSC remains a heterogenous disease with significant variability in outcomes amongst different regions of the *** are also many regions where the outcomes of PSC have not been studied,limiting the overall understanding of this disease *** this review,we present the geoepidemiologic variations in outcomes of PSC,with a focus on survival pre-and post-liver transplantation as well as the concurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and hepatobiliary neoplasia.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Inflammatory bowel disease Liver transplantation Geography Biliary tract Autoimmune

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