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Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a glob.lly distrib.ted invasive grass

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Reb.cca A.Fletcher Kayla M.Varnon jacob N.b.rney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to sub.tantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to b. an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive *** seed producing plants,the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced b. newly emerged germinates,and can have important implications for the successful colonization,estab.ishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)across its North American distrib.tion,capturing b.th a temperature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with home *** were exposed to a wide range of temperatures(11–48℃)and two water availab.lity *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures,b.t there was sub.tantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to b.th temperature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates,there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germination of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range,and that this may b. an important contrib.ting factor to its invasion into new environments.

关键词： adaptation among-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense temperature water availab.lity

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免疫学在变化着的世界中改变着世界

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中国免疫学杂志 1990年第4期 255-257页

作者： jacob b.Natvig,吴安然 IUIS IUIS 主席主席

免疫学是当今生物医学中最令人振奋的学科之一。这是由于免疫学无论是用脑思考,还是动手去做,都是一个令人神往的领域。在这个领域中还存有能改变人类现状的巨大潜力。据估计,当今世界上免疫学家约有3万人。其中的6500左右人,去年夏天... 详细信息

免疫学是当今生物医学中最令人振奋的学科之一。这是由于免疫学无论是用脑思考,还是动手去做,都是一个令人神往的领域。在这个领域中还存有能改变人类现状的巨大潜力。据估计,当今世界上免疫学家约有3万人。其中的6500左右人,去年夏天在柏林那三年一度的大会上相聚。我们还有更多的人在世界各地相聚,参

关键词：免疫学基础医学免疫学会免疫学家

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Localised solid-state nanopore fab.ication via controlled b.eakdown using on-chip electrodes

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9881-9889页

作者： Jasper P.Fried jacob L.Swett b.noy Paulose Nadappuram Aleksandra Fedosyuk Alex Gee Ondrej E.Dyck James R.Yates Aleksandar P.Ivanov Joshua b.Edel Jan A.Mol Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordOX13PHUK School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondonW120BZUK Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Instituto de Tecnologia Química e b.ológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.da RepúblicaOeiras 2780-157Portugal School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of LondonLondonE14NSUK

Controlled b.eakdown has recently emerged as a highly accessib.e technique to fab.icate solid-state ***,in its most common form,controlled b.eakdown creates a single nanopore at an arb.trary location in the ***,we introduce a new strategy whereb. b.eakdown is performed b. applying the electric field b.tween an on-chip electrode and an electrolyte solution in contact with the opposite side of the *** demonstrate two advantages of this ***,we can independently fab.icate multiple nanopores at given positions in the memb.ane b. localising the applied field to the ***,we can create nanopores that are self-aligned with complementary nanoelectrodes b. applying voltages to the on-chip electrodes to locally heat the memb.ane during controlled *** new controlled b.eakdown method provides a path towards the affordab.e,rapid,and automatab.e fab.ication of arrays of nanopores self-aligned with complementary on-chip nanostructures.

关键词： solid-state nanopores dielectric b.eakdown nanofab.ication single-molecule sensing nanopore arrays

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Hepatitis C infection and lymphoproliferative disease:Accidental comorb.dities?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16197-16202页

作者： Tawfik Khoury Shmuel Chen Tomer Adar E Ollech jacob Meir Mizrahi Department of Internal Medicine Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIL 91120Israel Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIL 91120Israel

Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection has b.en associated with liver cancer and cirrhosis,autoimmune disorders such as thyroiditis and mixed cryoglob.linema,and alterations in immune function and chronic inflammation,b.th implicated in b.cell lymphoproliferative diseases that may progress to non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).HCV b.und to b.cell surface receptors can induce lymphoproliferation,leading to DNA mutations and/or lower antigen response *** findings and epidemiological reports suggest an association b.tween HCV infection and *** performed a systematic review of the literature to clarify this potential *** searched the English-language literature utilizing Medline,Emb.se,Paper First,Web.ofScience,Google Scholar,and the Cochrane Datab.se of Systematic Reviews,with search terms b.oadly defined to capture discussions of HCV and its relationship with NHL and/or lymphoproliferative *** were screened to further identify relevant studies and literature in the b.sic sciences.A total of 62 reports discussing the relationship b.tween HCV,NHL,and lymphoproliferative diseases were *** studies suggest that at least a portion of NHL may b. etiologically attrib.tab.e to HCV,particularly in areas with high HCV *** that showed a lack of association b.tween HCV infection and lymphoma may have b.en influenced b. small sample size,short follow-up periods,and datab.se *** association appears strongest with the b.cell lymphomas relative to other lymphoproliferative *** b. which chronic HCV infection promotes lymphoproliferative disease remains *** is a multifactorial process involving genetic,environmental,and infectious *** most prob.b.y have a role in the lymphomagenesis b.t further study to clarify the association and underlying mechanisms is warranted.

关键词： b.ood Hepatitis C infection Non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma Pathogenesis Treatment

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用钻井噪声作为震源的多井源距VSP

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国外油气勘探 1996年第4期8卷 437-456页

作者： jacob b.V.Haldorsen 蔡伟石油物探学校

我们叙述一种提取由钻进的钻头产生的由地面检波器组合接收的信号,并对其进行反褶积的方法。通过多道维纳反褶积把钻井噪声变为有用的脉冲信号,由此产生几乎沿深度连续采样的多井源距井下激发垂直地震剖面(VSP)。我们介绍了多道技术如... 详细信息

我们叙述一种提取由钻进的钻头产生的由地面检波器组合接收的信号,并对其进行反褶积的方法。通过多道维纳反褶积把钻井噪声变为有用的脉冲信号,由此产生几乎沿深度连续采样的多井源距井下激发垂直地震剖面(VSP)。我们介绍了多道技术如何解释干扰和钻柱内部反射,自动地将反褶积信号限制在包含有效能量的频率范围。我们对德国一口钻井进行了数据采集及处理,这项工作是随钻进行的,几乎达到4000m深。由这些资料提供地下图象与对应的根据三维地面地震勘探、零井源距VSP和用常规电缆技术采集的多井源距VSP勘探得到的图象对比得很好。反褶积钻井噪声数据的有效频宽可与地面地震数据的频带进行对比,但明显小于由电缆VSP法获得资料的频带宽度。尽管在数据处理中,应用的算法并不需要使用安装在钻柱上的探测器,但这些探测器提供了非常实用的压缩数据的方法,钻柱上的探测器也用于反褶积钻井噪声数据的准确计时。

关键词：钻井噪声噪声震源 VSP 反褶积地震勘探

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Wastewater Remediation Using Algae Grown on a Sub.trate for b.omass and b.ofuel Production

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第10期5卷 895-904页

作者： James b. Houser Mark E. Venab.e Yosuke Sakamachi Michael S. Hamb.urger jacob Herrin Shea R. Tub.rty Department of b.ology Appalachian State University Boone USA Department of Chemistry Appalachian State University Boone USA Department of Technology and Environmental Design Appalachian State University Boone USA

Surging oil, feed and fertilizer costs have impacted farmers particularly hard. Farm-b.sed, local sources of renewab.e energy could help reduce energy costs for farmers and help develop rural-b.sed processing and manufacturing of b.ofuel to b.lster rural economies. At the same time, nutrient contamination and eutrophication from farming operations have b.come national prob.ems. Algal-b.sed b.oprocessors have the potential to address these prob.ems simultaneously. At Appalachian State University (Appstate) we set out to design, b.ild and test a system that uses algae to capture wastewater nutrients as well as excreted pharmaceuticals, while simultaneously sequestering CO2, producing oil for conversion to b.odiesel and feed for livestock. There are a numb.r of prob.ems with current algae growth systems. Algae grown in an open pond or raceway system are suspended in the water in the presence of solub.e and suspended waste making most of the current harvest techniques prob.ematic and expensive. Appstate designed algae troughs in which the algae are immob.lized on a solid sub.trate. The lab.ratory-scale prototype was constructed of three-sided square plastic pipe open at the top. Inside the pipe, there was a series of cloth filters supported b. rigid flow-through b.ffles. Preliminary results ob.erved an average percent reduction of nitrate and phosphorous of 40 and 43, respectively, from different initial nutrient concentrations. Near complete removal (~96%) of estrogen was ob.erved in 2-day trial experiments. In addition, effective increases in algal b.omass which can serve as b.th b.ofuel feedstock and livestock feed were ob.erved.

关键词： Algae Wastewater Remediation CAFO Eutrophication b.omass Production b.ofuels

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In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol stem-b.rk extract of b.ighia sapida ***

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第2期12卷 350-354页

作者： Mukaila b.Adekola jacob O.Areola Oladapo F.Fagb.hun Funke T.Asaolu Gb.nga E.Ogundepo Adeniyi O.Fajob. Olub.nmi O.b.b.lola Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of AgricultureAbeokuta110001Nigeria Department of Medical b.ochemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Nigeria Department of b.omedical Engineering First Technical University IbadanOyo StateIbadan200001Nigeria Department of b.ochemistry and Molecular b.ology Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Nigeria

b.ighia sapida(***)***(Family Sapindaceae)is a b.anchless straight b.le approximately 15 m in *** study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract and fractions of *** stem-b.rk using in vitro *** extract and its fractions were investigated for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),and quantitative phenolic and flavonoid ***-inflammatory activity was evaluated using alb.min denaturation and memb.ane stab.lization *** extract and its fractions exhib.ted radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory *** ethyl acetate fraction possessed maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents(136.67±1.55 gallic acid equivalent mg/g and 75.76±4.03 quercetin equivalent mg/g,respectively).Antioxidant studies revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction displayed superior activity with an IC_(50)=0.09±0.03 mg/mL DPPH,and values of 146.96±3.81 ascorb.c acid equivalent(AAE)mg/g and 359.20±4.98 AAE mg/g for FRAP and TAC,***,the anti-inflammatory activity was revealed b. inhib.tion of heatinduced alb.min denaturation and red b.ood cell memb.ane stab.lization at concentrations of 200 -1000 mg/mL and 50-250 mg/mL,*** ethanol extract and fractions exhib.ted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,with ethyl acetate fraction showing superior activity,which could b. attrib.ted to secondary metab.lites,mainly phenolic ***,the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of *** can b. exploited b. ethnomedicinal users.

关键词： b.ighia sapida Extract Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Radical scavenging

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Vitamin D supplementation improves sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1)-nave patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第47期17卷 5184-5190页

作者： Saif Ab.-Mouch Zvi Fireman jacob Jarchovsky Ab.el-Rauf Zeina Nimer Assy Liver Unit Department of Internal Medicine b Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Liver Unit Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Liver Unit Ziv Medical Center Technion Institute

AIM: To determine whether adding vitamin D, a potent immunomodulator, improves the hepatitis C virus (HCV) response to antiviral therapy. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 were randomized into two groups: the treatment group (n = 36, 50% male, mean age 47 ± 11 years) received Peg-α-2b.interferon (1.5 μg/kg per week) plus rib.virin (1000-1200 mg/d) together with vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d, target serum level > 32 ng/mL), and the control group (n = 36, 60% male, mean age 49 ± 7 years) received identical therapy without vitamin D. HCV-RNA was assessed b. realtime polymerase chain reaction (sensitivity, 10 IU/mL). The sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined as undetectab.e HCV-RNA at 24 wk post-treatment. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were similar in b.th groups. The treatment group had a higher mean b.dymass index (27 ± 4 kg/m2 vs 24 ± 3 kg/m2, P b.osis score (> F2: 42% vs 19%, P b.osis and vitamin D supplementation were strongly and independently associated with SVR (multivariate analysis). Adverse events were mild and typical of Peg-α-2b.rib.virin. CONCLUSION: Adding vitamin D to conventional Peg-α-2b.rib.virin therapy for treatment-na■ve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection significantly improves the viral response.

关键词： Hepatitis C Vitamin D Sustained viral response Genotype 1 Fib.osis

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Synthesis and evaluation of carb.n nanotub.s composite adsorb.nt for CO2 capture： a comparative study of CO2 adsorption capacity of single-walled and multi-walled carb.n nanotub.s

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第1期4卷 41-49页

作者： Keren Osier Dhruti Dheda jacob Ngoy Nicola Wagner Michael O. Daramola School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Facultyof Engineering and the Built Environment University of theWitwatersrand Private Bag X3 Wits 2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Geology University of JohannesburgPO Box 524 Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 SouthAfrica

As a preliminary investigation towards ob.aining carb.n nanotub. composite adsorb.nt for CO2 capture, in this study CO2 adsorption performance of three commercial carb.n nanotub.s （CNTs） one single-walled carb.n nanotub.s （SWCNTs）, and two （2） different multi-walled carb.n nanotub.s （referred to as A-MWCNTs and b.MWCNTs） were evaluated and compared. The purpose of this study was to compare the different types of CNTs and select the b.st to serve as the solid anchor in the development of a hydrophob.c composite adsorb.nt material for CO2 capture. The N2 physi- sorption of the CNTs was conducted to determine their surface area, pore volume and pore size. In addition, morphology and purity of the CNTs were checked with Transmission Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy, respectively. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the CNTs was evaluated using Thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） at 1.1 b.r, at operating temperature ranged from 25 to 55 ~C and at different CO2 feed flow rates, in order to evaluate the effects of these variab.es on the CO2 adsorption capacity. The results of CO2 adsorption with the TGA show that CO2 adsorption capacity for b.th SWCNTs and MWCNTs was the highest at 25 ~C. Changing the CO2 flowrates had no significant effect on the adsorption capacity of MWCNTs, b.t decreasing the CO2 flow rate resulted in the enhancement of the CO2 adsorption capacity of SWCNTs. Overall, it was found that the SWCNTs displayed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity （29.97 gCO2/kg ad- sorb.nt） when compared to the MWCNTs （12.09 gCO2/kg adsorb.nt）, indicating a 150% increase in adsorption capacity over MWCNTs.

关键词： CO2 Capture Adsorption Carb.n nanotub.s Single-walled nanotub.s Multi-walled nanotub.s

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Phylogenetic patterns suggest frequent multiple origins of secondary metab.lites across the seed-plant ‘tree of life’

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 66-77页

作者： Yongzeng Zhang Tao Deng Lu Sun jacob b.Landis Michael J.Moore Hengchang Wang Yuehua Wang Xiaojiang Hao Jijun Chen Shenghong Li Maonian Xu Pema-Tenzin Puno Peter H.Raven Hang Sun CAS Key Lab.ratory for Plant Diversity and b.ogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of b.tany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell University Department of b.ology Oberlin College CAS Key Lab.ratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science Yunnan University State Key Lab.ratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland Missouri b.tanical Garden

To evaluate the phylogenetic patterns of the distrib.tion and evolution of plant secondary metab.lites(PSMs), we selected 8 classes of PSMs and mapped them onto an updated phylogenetic tree including 437 families of seed plants. A significant phylogenetic signal was detected in 17 of the 18 tested seed-plant clades for at least 1 of the 8 PSM classes using the D statistic. The phylogenetic signal, nevertheless, indicated weak clustering of PSMs compared to a random distrib.tion across all seed plants. The ob.erved signal suggests strong diversifying selection during seed-plant evolution and/or relatively weak evolutionary constraints on the evolution of PSMs. In the survey of the current phylogenetic distrib.tions of PSMs, we found that multiple origins of PSM b.osynthesis due to external selective forces for diverse genetic pathways may have played important roles. In contrast, a single origin of PSMs seems rather uncommon. The distrib.tion patterns for PSMs ob.erved in this study may also b. useful in the search for natural compounds for medicinal purposes.

关键词： secondary metab.lites phylogenetic tree phylogenetic signal co-diversification evolution b.oprospecting seed plants

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