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Astigmatic correction with implantation of a light adjustable vs monofocal lens: a single site analysis of a randomized controlled trial

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第7期12卷 1101-1107页

作者： Majid Moshirfar William D.Wagner Steven H.linn David F.Skanchy Tanner W.Brown Aaron T.Gomez jackson l.goldberg Yasmyne C.Ronquillo Phillip C.Hoopes Jr. HDR Research Center Hoopes VisionDraper UT 84020USA John A. Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Utah lions Eye Bank MurrayUT 84107USA Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine RichmondVA23298USA McGovem Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center HoustonTX77030USA The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX78539USA

AIM: To evaluate the light adjustable lens(lAl) vs a standard monofocal lens in achieving target astigmatic refraction and improving postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA). METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with pre-existing astigmatism and visually significant cataract. Twenty-eight patients received the lAl and 12 control patients received a monofocal intraocular lens(IOl) after cataract extraction at a single institution. The patients with the lAl underwent adjustment by ultraviolet(UV) light postoperatively plus subsequent lock-in procedures and all patients returned to clinic for follow up of study parameters at 6, 9, and 12 mo. Manifest refraction, distance visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded at each ***: The mean cylinder before adjustment in eyes with the lAl was-0.89±0.58 D(-2.00 to 0.00 D) and-0.34±0.34 D(-1.25 to 0.00 D) after lock-in(P=1.68 x10-8). The mean cylinder in patients with the monofocal lens was-1.00±0.32 D(-1.50 to-0.50 D) at 17-21 d postoperatively, which was statistically different from the lAl cylinder postlock-in(P=1.43 x10-6). UDVA in the lAl group was 20/20 or better in 79% of patients post lock-in with good stability over 12 mo compared with 33% of the control patients with UDVA of 20/20 or better. CONClUSION: These results demonstrate that the lAl is more effective in achieving target refractions and improving postoperative UDVA in patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism than a standard monofocal lens.

关键词： light adjustable lens monofocal lens astigmatism cataract

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The influence of various grease compositions and silver nanoparticle additives on electrically induced rolling-element bearing damage

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 796-811页

作者： Samuel BOND Robert l.jackson German MIllS Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA

leakage currents accelerate surface degradation of metal contacts via small scale arcing across lubricating films,but recent observations suggest that metallic nanoparticle additives in lubricants may be useful to improve contact *** findings prompted a study that examined electrically induced surface pitting of steel contacts in the presence of several lubricating greases including some containing nanometer-sized colloidal silver(Ag)*** rolling sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under electro-tribological loads employing polyurea greases derived from mineral and synthetic base oils with and without *** forces and electrical resistance were monitored continuously during the tests;surface changes were characterized by means of optical spectroscopy,stylus profilometry,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)including compositional analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The observations demonstrate that surface pitting induced by arcing occurs mainly at the points were the rolling motion changes direction and that eroded metal is deposited along the wear ***-sized pits are formed which contain carbon and oxygen indicating that arcing causes decomposition of the hydrocarbon *** findings indicate a significant inhibition of pitting is induced by the Ag nanoparticles;some greases containing other additives exhibit a similar,although less pronounced,effect.

关键词： electric motor bearings wheel bearings electric vehicles arcing electrically induced bearing damage pitting leakage current stray current

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Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： Scott K.Powers Zsolt Radak li li Ji Malcolm jackson Department of Applied Physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA Research Institute of Sport Science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary Department of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)was first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the *** then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis Radicals Redox signaling

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Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson R.Mishra J.M.Rebelo J.Santos P.Antunes J.Pombo H.Magalhaes l.Wills M.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEl Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

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Himalayas as a global hot spot of springtime stratospheric intrusions:Insight from isotopic signatures in sulfate aerosols

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 5-13页

作者： Kun Wang ShiChang Kang Mang lin PengFei Chen Chaoliu li XiuFeng Yin Shohei Hattori Teresa l.jackson JunHua Yang YiXi liu Naohiro Yoshida Mark HThiemens State Key laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China State Key laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryCASGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China International Center for Isotope Effects Research(ICIER) School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits ResearchSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8502Japan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0021USA Earth-life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8551Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology KoganeiTokyo 184-8795Japan

Downward transport of stratospheric air into the troposphere(identified as stratospheric intrusions)could potentially modify the radiation budget and chemical of the Earth's surface *** the highest and largest plateau on earth,the Tibetan Plateau including the Himalayas couples to global climate,and has attracted widespread attention due to rapid warming and cryospheric *** studies recognized strong stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas but are poorly understood due to limited direct evidences and the complexity of the meteorological dynamics of the third ***^(35)S is a radioactive isotope predominately produced in the lower stratosphere and has been demonstrated as a sensitive chemical tracer to detect stratospherically sourced air mass in the planetary boundary ***,we report 6-month(April–September 2018)observation of^(35)S in atmospheric sulfate aerosols(^(35)SO_(4)^(2-))collected from a remote site in the Himalayas to reveal the stratospheric intrusion phenomenon as well as its potential impacts in this *** the sampling campaign,the^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)concentrations show an average of 1,070±980 atoms/m^(3).In springtime,the average is 1,620±730 atoms/m^(3),significantly higher than the global existing data measured so *** significant enrichments of^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)measured in this study verified the hypothesis that the Himalayas is a global hot spot of stratospheric intrusions,especially during the springtime as a consequence of its unique geology and atmospheric *** combined with the ancillary evidences,e.g.,oxygen-17 anomaly in sulfate and modeling results,we found that the stratospheric intrusions have a profound impact on the surface ozone concentrations over the study region,and potentially have the ability to constrain how the mechanisms of sulfate oxidation are affected by a change in plateau atmospheric properties and *** study provides new observational constraints on stra

关键词： Himalayas Stratospheric intrusions Cosmogenic^(35)SO_(4)^(2-) Ozone Atmospheric oxidation

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Continuity of care by a primary midwife(caseload midwifery):a cost analysis using results from the COSMOS randomised controlled trial

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 94-101页

作者： Emily J Callander Hannah jackson Helen l Mclachlan Mary-Ann Davey Della A Forster University of Technology Sydney SydneyNew South WalesAustralia The Royal Women's Hospital MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Faculty of Health University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Judith lumley Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Nursing and Midwifery a Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Introduction Caseload midwifery(continuity of midwifery carer)offers benefits including lower caesarean section rates,lower risks of preterm birth and stilbirth,and improved maternal satisfaction of *** these advantages,concerns about additional costs hinder widespread *** study examinesthecost of caseload midwifery compared with standard maternity care from the perspective of both public hospitals and public *** A cost analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial of 2314 low-risk pregnant women in Melbourne,*** randomised to caseload care received antenatal,intrapartum and postpartum care from a primary midwife,with some care provided by a‘back-up'*** in standard care received midwifery-led care with varying levels of continuity,junior obstetric care or community-based medical *** cost analysis compared differences in mean costs of health resources to public hospitals and to public ***,a budget impact analysis estimated total costs to the health system between 2023 and *** For public hospitals,there was no significant difference in overall costs between women receiving caseload midwifery(n=1146)versus standard care(n=1151)($SA12363(SD:$A4967)vs$A12323(SD:$A7404);p=0.85).Conversely,public funders incurred lower expenditures for women receiving caseload midwifery($A20330(SD:$A8312))versus standard care($A21637(SD:$A11818);plysis estimated savings of sA625million to the health system over the next 5 years with expanded access to caseloadmidwifery *** Caseloadmidwifery in low-risk women is cost-neutral to public hospitals and cost-saving to public *** abstract Continuity of midwifery for low-risk women reduces costs to public funders,with no additional costs to hospitals.

关键词： random continuity Continuity

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Molecular mechanisms of the suppression of axon regeneration by KlF transcription factors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第15期9卷 1418-1421页

作者： Akintomide Apara Jeffrey l.goldberg University of Miami Miller School of Medicine MiamiFL USA Shiley Eye CenterUniversity of California San Diego La JollaCA USA

Molecular mechanisms of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors （KlFs） have been studied more in proliferating cells than in post-mitotic cells such as neurons. We recently found that KlFs regulate intrinsic axon growth ability in central nervous system （CNS） neurons in- cluding retinal ganglion cells, and hippocampal and cortical neurons. With at least 15 of 17 KlF family members expressed in neurons and at least 5 structurally unique subfamilies, it is import- ant to determine how this complex family functions in neurons to regulate the intricate genetic programs of axon growth and regeneration. By characterizing the molecular mechanisms of the KlF family in the nervous system, including binding partners and gene targets, and comparing them to defined mechanisms defined outside the nervous system, we may better understand how KlFs regulate neurite growth and axon regeneration.

关键词： optic nerve regeneration axon growth retina retinal ganglion cells spinal cord transcription factors

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Comparison of gastrointestinal parasite communities in vervet monkeys

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 512-520页

作者： Kim VAlENTA Dennis TWINOMUGISHA Kathleen GODFREY Cynthia lIU Valérie A.M.SCHOOF Tony l.goldberg Colin A.CHAPMAN McGill School of Environment McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Makerere University Biological Field Station KampalaUganda Bilingual Biology Program Department of Multidisciplinary StudiesGlendon CampusYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Globally,habitat degradation is accelerating,especially in the *** to interface habitats can increase environmental overlap among nonhuman primates,people,and domestic animals and change stress levels in wildlife,leading to changes in their risk of parasite ***,the direction and consequences of these changes are unclear,since animals may benefit by exploiting human resources(e.g.,improving nutritional health by eating nutritious crops)and decreasing susceptibility to infection,or interactions with humans may lead to chronic stress and increased susceptibility to *** monkeys are an excellent model to understand parasitic disease transmission because of their tolerance to anthropogenic *** we quantify the gastrointestinal parasites of a group of vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus aethiops)near lake Nabugabo,Uganda,that frequently overlaps with people in their use of a highly modified *** compare the parasites found in this population to seven other sites where vervet monkey gastrointestinal parasites have been identi*** vervets of lake Nabugabo have the greatest richness of parasites documented to *** discuss how this may reflect differences in sampling intensity or differences in the types of habitat where vervet parasites have been sampled.

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance disease gastrointestinal parasite habitat degradation Nabugabo vervet zoonotic disease

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levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Healthcare Waste Incinerators’ Bottom Ash from Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 318-337页

作者： Muriithi jackson Githinji Paul Mwangi Njogu Zipporah Nganga Mohamed Karama Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya Public Health and Epidemiology Umma University Kajiado Kenya

Health-care waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms and compounds which can infect and affect hospital patients, healthcare workers, the general public and environment. Therefore, management of health care waste requires safe handling, treatment and disposal procedures. While incineration reduces the volume and quantity of waste for final disposal, it leads to the production of fly and bottom ashes laden with toxic incomplete combustion products such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, furans and heavy metals. This exposes workers who handle and dispose the bottom ashes, hospital patients, the general public and environment. The goal of this study was to determine the total and individual levels of 16 most prevalent and toxic PAHs. Bottom ash samples were collected from incinerators in five county hospitals in Kenya, namely;Moi-Voi, Narok, Kitale, Makindu and Isiolo. Bottom ash samples were collected over a period of six months from the five hospitals. The samples were then sieved, homogenised and stored at 4°C in amber coloured glass containers. The PAHs were extracted using 30 ml of a hexane-acetone solvent (1:1) mixture by ultrasonication at room temperature (23°C) for 45 minutes. The PAHs were then analyzed with a GC-MS spectrophotometer model (Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 SE) connected to a computer work station was used for the PAHs analysis. The GC-MS was equipped with an SGE BPX5 GC capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) for the separation of compounds. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 15.5 ml/minute and 14.5 psi. 1 μl of the sample was injected at 280°C, split mode (10:1). The oven programming was set for a total runtime of 40 minutes, which included: 100°C (2-minute hold);10°C /min rise to 200°C;7°C /min rise to 249°C;3°C /min rise to 300°C (2-minute hold). The interface temperature was set at 290°C. Analysis was done in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode and the peak areas of each of the PAHs were collected from

关键词： PAHs GC-MS Healthcare Wastes Disposal Incinerator Bottom Ash

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Hypokalemia Havoc: Unraveling the Mystery of Unexplained Potassium Depletion

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第8期13卷 292-296页

作者： Justin David Tse Maryam Shams Mushgan Nassiri jackson Wang Department of Graduate Medical Education Internal Medicine Residency Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville CA USA Summit Nephrology Roseville CA USA

Hypokalemia, defined as serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/l, can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmias and muscle paralysis, potentially resulting in rhabdomyolysis. The etiology of hypokalemia is often multifactorial, involving but not limited to gastrointestinal losses, renal losses, medication effects, and inadequate dietary intake. Chronic heavy alcohol use, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the use of diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) are also significant contributing factors. Effective management requires thorough evaluation and investigation to effectively treat a patient. This case report aims to illustrate the diagnostic challenges and comprehensive treatment approach required in a patient with multiple comorbidities and severe hypokalemia, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to address all underlying causes.

关键词： Severe Hypokalemia Electrolyte Derangements Thiazide Diuretic Complications Potassium Repletion

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