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Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla s.sousa Andreia Monteiro António j.salgado Nuno A.silva Life and health sciences Research Institute(ICVs) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVs/3B’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

spinal cord injuries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord injury recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord injury pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord injury pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord injury

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage Mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh s.Nugent Uniformed services University of the health sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

From blood to brain:amoeboid microglial cell,a nascent macrophage and its functions in developing brain

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Acta Pharmacologica sinica 2007年第8期28卷 1087-1096页

作者： Charanjit KAUR s Thameem DhEEN Eng-ang LING Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin school of Medicine National University of Singapore117597Singapore

Amoeboid microglial cells(AMC)in the developing brain are active *** macrophagic nature of these cells has been demonstrated by many methods,such as the localization of various hydrolytic enzymes and the presence of comple-ment type 3 surface receptors in *** importantly is the direct visualizationof these cells engaged in the phagocytosis of degenerating cells at the ultrastruc-tural *** evidence of them being active macrophages is the avid inter-nalization of tracers administered by the intravenous or intraperitoneal routes indeveloping *** potential involvement of AMC in immune functions is sup-ported by the induced expression of major histocompatibility complex class I andII antigens on them when challenged by lipopolysaccharide or interferon-γ.Im-munosuppressive drugs,such as glucocorticoids and immune function-enhanc-ing drugs like melatonin,affect the expression of surface receptors and antigensand the release of cytokines by *** studies in our laboratory haveshown the expression of insulin-like growth factors,endothelins,2',3'-cyclic nucle-otide 3'-phosphodiesterase,and N-methyl-D-asparate *** along withthe release of chemokines,such as stromal derived factor-la and monocytechemoattractant protein-1,suggests multiple functional roles of AMC in earlybrain development.

关键词： developing brain amoeboid microglial cells functions

Refining constitutive relation by integration of finite element simulations and Gleeble experiments

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journal of Materials science & Technology 2019年第6期35卷 1039-1043页

作者： D.j. Yu D.s. Xu h. W ang Z.B. Zhao G.Z. Wei R. Yang College of sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element calculations were carried out to simulate the Gleeble compression of the samples of a titanium alloy(Ti60), and the results are analyzed and compared with the actual compression tests conducted on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The changes in temperature, stress and strain distribution in the samples and the source of error on the constitutive relations from Gleeble hot compression test were analyzed in detail. Both simulations and experiments showed that the temperature distribution in the specimen is not uniform during hot compression, resulting in significant deformation inhomogeneity and non-ignorable error in the flow stress strain relation,invalidating the uniform strain assumption commonly assumed when extracting the constitutive relation from Gleeble tests. Based on the finite element simulations with iterative corrections, we propose a scheme to refine the constitutive relations from Gleeble tests.

关键词： Titanium alloy Constitutive relation Finite element Compression Temperature distribution

Plasma density measurement and downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide in Ar/NF3 mixture remote plasma source

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Plasma science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 52-57页

作者： h j YEOM D h ChOI Y s LEE j h KIM D j sEONG s j YOU h C LEE Korea Research Institute of standards and science(KRIss) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea

In this study,plasma density measurements were performed near the plume region of the remote plasma source (RPs) in Ar/NF3 gas mixtures using a microwave cutoff *** measured plasma density is in the range of 1010-1011 cm-3 in the discharge conditions with RPs powers of 2-4 kW and gas pressures of 0.87-4 *** plasma density decreased with increasing gas pressures and RPs powers under various Ar/NF3 mixing *** decrease in the plasma density measured at the fixed measurement position (plume region) can be understood by the reduction of the electron energy relaxation length with increases in the gas pressures and mixing ratio of NF3/(Ar/NF3).We also performed downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide films in this *** etch rate of the silicon films significantly increases while the silicon oxide is slightly etched with the gas pressures and *** was also found that the etch rate strongly depends on the wafer position on the processing chamber electrode,and that the etch selectivity reached 96-131 in the discharge conditions of RF powers (3730-4180 W) and gas pressures (3.6-4 Torr).

关键词： remote plasma source electron density cutoff probe downstream etch

Gradient structured Copper by Rotationally Accelerated shot Peening

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journal of Materials science & Technology 2017年第7期33卷 758-761页

作者： X.Wang Y.s.Li Q.Z.ang Y.h.Zhao Y.T.Zhu Nano structural Materials Center School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China school of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Department of Materials science and Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

A new technology-rotationally accelerated shot peening（RAsP）, was developed to prepare gradient structured materials. By using centrifugal acceleration principle and large steel balls, the RAsP technology can produce much higher impact energy compared to conventional shot peening. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the RAsP was utilized to refine the surface layer in pure copper（Cu） with an average grain size of 85 nm. The grain size increases largely from surface downwards the bulk, forming an800 ？m thick gradient-structured surface layer and consequently a micro-hardness gradient. The difference between the RAsP technology and other established techniques in preparing gradient structured materials is discussed. The RAsP technology exhibits a promoting future for large-scale manufacturing of gradient materials.

关键词： Microstructure Rotationally accelerated shot peening Gradient structure hardness Copper

Computational study on influence of RF shielding box on inductance of coil

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Plasma science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 23-28页

作者： s j KIM j j LEE Y s LEE j h KIM s j YOU Applied Physics lab for PLasma Engineering(APPLE) Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea Korea Research Institute of standards and science(KRIss) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

Despite the fact that a radio frequency (RF) shielding box affects a coil inductance used in matching network,RF engineers have used a coil inductance measured in open space on designing matching networks since it is difficult to precisely measure the coil inductance within the RF shielding *** this work,we investigate the influences of the RF shielding box on the coil inductance via a 3D full electromagnetic wave *** results shows that the coil inductance decreases from-6.0% to-11.9% compared with its ideal inductance depending on coil positions within the RF shielding *** inductive and capacitive coupling between the coil and surfaces of the RF shielding box contribute to the reduction of the coil *** expect that these results would be useful for those who design RF matching networks.

关键词： 3D full EM wave simulation RF matching component RF shield inductive and capacitive coupling

A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3172-3178页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilís Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayGalwayIreland

stem cell-based brain repair is a promising emergent therapy for Parkinson's disease based on years of foundational research using human fetal donors as a cell *** current therapeutic options for patients,this approach has the potential to provide longterm stem cell–derived reconstruction and restoration of the dopaminergic input to denervated regions of the brain allowing for restoration of certain functions to *** ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian *** the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies,the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease.A defined systematic search of the PubMed database was completed to identify relevant studies published up to March *** screening,76 articles were included in the analysis from which 178 separate transplant studies were *** these,graft survival could be assessed in 52 studies and differentiation in 129 ***,we found that graft survival ranged froms transplanted,with a median of 51%of transplanted cells surviving in the brain;while dopaminergic differentiation of the cells ranged from 0% to 46% of cells transplanted with a median of 3%.This systematic review suggests that there is considerable scope for improvement in the differentiation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors to maximize the therapeutic potential of this approach for patients.

关键词： cell replacement therapy differentiation embryonic stem cells graft induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease survival transplant

Numerical analysis of thermal plasma scrubber for CF4 decomposition

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Plasma science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 9-14页

作者： j KO T h KIM s ChOI Department of Nuclear and Energy Engineering Jeju National University Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea Institute for Nuclear science and Technology Jeju National University Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea

CF4 gas emitted in the semiconductor and display manufacturing process is a very harmful greenhouse *** must be removed or converted safely due to its extreme *** a CF4 decomposition system using a thermal plasma scrubber was commercialized,its removal efficiency is *** this work,a numerical analysis of CF4 decomposition in the thermal plasma scrubber was carried out in order to propose an efficient decomposition *** decomposition and recombination temperatures of CF4 were analyzed using thermodynamic equilibrium *** chemical reaction of CF4 decomposition into carbon and fluorine gas was considered in this numerical *** injection position and angle of the CF4 were controlled in order to enhance the decomposition *** vertical injection of CF4 near the torch exit improved the mixing of the CF4 with the thermal plasma *** addition,it was confirmed that the high temperature region expanded due to a vortex generated by strong turbulence in the bottleneck-shaped *** a result,it is revealed that the CF4 injection location and the reactor configuration are the most important factors in improving the decomposition rate.

关键词： numerical simulation decomposition CF4 thermal plasma scrubber