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Blockchain for decentralised rural development and governance

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第3期3卷 100-108页

作者： ian Merrell National Innovation Centre for Rural Enterprise Centre for Rural EconomyNewcastle UniversityNewcastle-Upon-TyneNE17RUUK

Rural areas are steadily being marginalised in a global economy where‘core/periphery’models of development are *** overcome this,rural areas have experimented with decentralised ***,this process is fraught with political,fiscal,and institutional *** often revolve around transparency and accountability issues and low participation *** technology could act as a social innovation to overcome issues in decentralised governance,and rural areas could even prove to be a fertile environment for future *** this conceptual paper,the potential of blockchain technology is theoretically positioned in regional development *** exploring how blockchain could be applied to rural governance and the barriers it needs to overcome to reach mass adoption,a new distributed model of governance is suggested.

关键词： Rural development Decentralised governance Blockchain Social innovation Regional development Participatory governance

Fungal-contaminated grass and well water and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1490-1493页

作者： Peter William French Russell ian Ludowyke Gilles j.Guillemin School of Medicine University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia Willoughby SydneyNSWAustralia Neuroinflammation Group Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia

Fungi are important infectious disease-causing agents,but are often overlooked as environmental factors in *** review several lines of evidence that point to a potential fungal origin of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),the most common form of motor neurone *** 90%cases of ALS are sporadic,and the aetiology of sporadic ALS is still *** have previously postulated that grass or soil-associated fungal infections may be a leading cause of sporadic *** we extend this proposal to water-associated fungi.A wide variety of fungi have been reported in drinking water including Acremonium,Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Fusarium,Penicillium and *** of these are known to produce neurotoxic *** this,drinking water is not routinely monitored for fungal *** contamination could explain the close correlation between distribution of well water and cases of sporadic ALS in the United *** propose several mechanisms by which an opportunistic fungal infection from environmental exposure(to water,soil or plants)can lead to long term neuronal degradation resulting in the hallmarks of *** confirmed,the association between fungal infection and sporadic ALS could lead to novel treatment strategies for this progressive and fatal disease.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fungi motor neurone disease mycotoxins neurotoxins ALS well water sporadic ALS

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris *** toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1106-1116页

作者： F.R.Sadeque Ahmed ian j.Alexander Mwinyikione Mwinyihij. Ken Killham Department of Environment (Climate Change) E-16 AgargaonDhakaBangladesh School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 3UUUK Kenya Leather Development Council P.O.Box 14480NairobiKenya Remedios Limited Balgownie Technology CentreCampus 3 Balgownie DriveAberdeenAB22 8GWUK

Contamination of irrigation water represents a maj.r constraint to Bangladesh agriculture,resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial *** bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental *** arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake,but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host *** study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus mosseae,on lentil （Lens culinaris ***）.Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture （50：50,V/V） and watered with five levels of arsenic （0,1,2,5,10 mg As/L arsenate）.The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root *** further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil （***） plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil ***,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and *** concentrations of arsenic （5,10 mg As/L arsenate） reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen ***,this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil （***） plants overall *** the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.

关键词： bioassay contaminated water lentil trace metals vegetative response

Image Guided Sinus Surgery

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中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 2000年第S1期10卷 36-39页

作者： ian j. Wetterick

Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： Robin Healy ian C.Kenny Andrew j.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during maj.r athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(p<0.001),and no significant difference was found for vLoss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration Modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

MORPHOLOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES DURING THE HEATING OF SPHERICAL CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE AGGLOMERATES PREPARED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS

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China Particuology 2004年第5期2卷 200-206页

作者： Kiyoshi Itatani Mari Abe Tomohiro Umeda ian j. Davies Seiichiro Koda Department of Chemistry Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 JapanDepartment of Chemistry Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 JapanBiomaterial Business Center Mitsubishi Materials Corporation 2270 Yokoze Chichibu Saitama Prefecture 368-8501 JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 AustraliaDepartment of Chemistry Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan

The microstructural changes taking place during heating of calcium orthophosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) agglom- erates were examined in this study. The starting powder was prepared by the spray-pyrolysis of calcium phosphate (Ca/P ratio=1.50) solution containing 1.8 mol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2, 1.2 mol·L-1 (NH4)2HPO4 and concentrated HNO3 at 600 C, using an o air-liquid nozzle. The spray-pyrolyzed powder was found to be composed of dense spherical agglomerates with a mean diameter of 1.3 μm. This powder was further heat-treated at a temperature between 800 and 1400 C for 10 min. When o the spray-pyrolyzed powder was heated up to 900 C, only β-Ca3(PO4)2 was detected, and the mean pore size of the o spherical agglomerates increased via the (i) elimination of residual water and nitrates, (ii) rearrangement of primary par- ticles within the agglomerates, (iii) coalescence of small pores (below 0.1 μm), and (iv) coalescence of agglomerates with diameters below 1 μm into the larger agglomerates. Among the heat-treated powders, pore sizes within the spherical agglomerates were observed to be the largest (mean diameter: 1.8 μm) for the powder heat-treated at 900 C for 10 min. o With an increase in heat-treatment temperature up to 1000 C, the spherical agglomerates were composed of dense o shells. Upon further heating up to 1400 C, the hollow spherical agglomerates collapsed as a result of sintering via the o phase transformation from β- to α-Ca3(PO4)2 (1150 C), thus leading to the

关键词： spray-pyrolysis calcium orthophosphate hollow spherical agglomerates heat-treatment morphology microstructure

On the Energy Self-Sustainability of IoT via Distributed Compressed Sensing

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China Communications 2020年第12期17卷 37-51页

作者： Wei Chen Nikos Deligiannis Yiannis Andreopoulos ian j.assell State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Electronics and Informatics department Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussel Pleinlaan 21050Belgium Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTU.K. Computer Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FDU.K imec Kapeldreef 75B-3001 LeuvenBelgium

This paper advocates the use of the distributed compressed sensing(DCS)paradigm to deploy energy harvesting(EH)Internet of Thing(IoT)devices for energy *** consider networks with signal/energy models that capture the fact that both the collected signals and the harvested energy of different devices can exhibit *** provide theoretical analysis on the performance of both the classical compressive sensing(CS)approach and the proposed distributed CS(DCS)-based approach to data acquisition for EH ***,we perform an in-depth comparison of the proposed DCSbased approach against the distributed source coding(DSC)*** performance characterizations and comparisons embody the effect of various system phenomena and parameters including signal correlation,EH correlation,network size,and energy availability *** results unveil that,the proposed approach offers significant increase in data gathering capability with respect to the CS-based approach,and offers a substantial reduction of the mean-squared error distortion with respect to the DSC system.

关键词： distributed compressed sensing energy harvesting internet of things energy self-sustainability

Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： j.remy GROSS ian j. PASSMORE j.de C. S. CHUNG Olena RZHEPISHEVSKA Madeleine RAMSTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

Interstitial strengthening in *** and alloys

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Advanced Powder Materials

Advanced Powder Materials 2022年第4期1卷 1-7页

作者： ian Baker Thayer SchoolofEngineering DartmouthCollegeHanoverNH03755USA

In this short review,we highlight instances where interstitials have been shown to substantially increase the yield strength and work-hardening rate(WHR)of ***,particularly high entropy alloys,medium entropy alloys,TWIP steels and stainless ***,the common practice of describing interstitial strengthening in *** using models that are used to explain substitutional strengthening appears to be neither appropriate nor *** we suggest,based on the literature,that the yield strength increase due to interstitials in *** is more appropriately described by a linear dependence on the concentration:due to a paucity of experimental studies,the dependence of the yield strength and WHR on misfit parameters is currently ***,the source of the strengthening remains unclear.A feature that has been observed in several *** is that interstitial additions lead to a change from wavy to planar slip although the origin of this change,which may be related to changes in stacking fault energy as well as other factors,remains *** paper concludes by outlining areas of future research,including the need to develop a new model for interstitial strengthening in ***.

关键词： Interstitials f.c.c.alloys High entropy alloys Yield strength Work-hardening rate