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Synthesis of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy by mechanical alloying: Statistical prediction of elastic modulus and mass loss using fractional factorial design

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第4期28卷 687-699页

作者： Emee Marina SALLEH zuhailawati hussain Sivakumar RAMAKRISHNAN Biomaterials Niche Area School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia School of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia

Biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying where a statistical model was developed using fractional factorial design to predict elastic modulus and mass loss of the bulk *** effects of mechanical alloying parameters(i.e.,milling time,milling speed,ball-to-powder mass ratio and Zn content)and their interactions were investigated involving 4 numerical factors with 2 replicates,thus 16 runs of two-level fractional factorial *** of analysis of variance(ANOVA),regression analysis and R2 test indicated good accuracy of the *** statistical model determined that the elastic modulus of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was between 40.18 and 47.88 GPa,which was improved and resembled that of natural bone(30-57 GPa).Corrosion resistance(mass loss of pure Mg,33.74 mg)was enhanced with addition of 3%-10%Zn(between 9.32 and 15.38 mg).The most significant independent variable was Zn content,and only the interaction of milling time and ball-to-powder mass ratio was significant as P-value was less than ***,mechanical properties(represented by elastic modulus)and corrosion resistance(represented by mass loss)of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy can be statistically predicted according to the developed models.

关键词： biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy mechanical alloying fractional factorial design elastic modulus mass loss

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Prediction of Compressive Strength of Biodegradable Mg–Zn/HA Composite via Response Surface Methodology and Its Biodegradation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第5期29卷 464-474页

作者： Loy Liang Soon hussain zuhailawati Ismail Suhaina Brij Kumar Dhindaw Structural Materials Niche Area Group School of Materialsand Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia School of Minerals Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar751007India

This work aimed to fabricate magnesium zinc/hydroxyapatite （Mg-Zn/HA） composite via powder metallurgy method and to develop a mathematical model to predict the compressive strength of the composite using response surface methodology method. The effect of various mechanical milling parameters, milling speed （200-300 r/rain）, ball-to-powder weight ratio （5-12.5） and HA content （2.6-10 wt%） on the compressive strength of Mg-Zn/HA composite was investigated. The model shows that high compressive strength of Mg-Zn/HA composite was achieved when the powders were prepared with high milling speed and ball-to- powder weight ratio and low HA content. The mathematical model was adequate with error percentage lower than 3.4%. The microstructure of Mg-Zn/HA composite with different process parameters revealed that fine microstructure was observed at high milling speed and ball-to-powder weight ratio while agglomeration of HA was found in composite with 10 wt% HA. The agglomeration of HA led to degradation of interfacial bonding strength between matrix and reinforcement phases and hence decreased the overall compressive strength of Mg-Zn/HA composite. Biodegradation test revealed that sample with higher HA content had more weight gain and there was more formation of hydroxyapatite. Mg-Zn/HA composite with 8 wt% HA was found to be the best candidate for implant application because it had considerable compressive strength and good biodegradation properties.

关键词： Powder metallurgy Magnesium-zinc alloy Hydroxyapatite Response surface methodology Biodegradation

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Fabrication of titanium-based alloys with bioactive surface oxide layer as biomedical implants:Opportunity and challenges

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第1期32卷 1-44页

作者： Mohamad Rodzi SITI NUR HAZWANI Ling Xin LIM Zainovia LOCKMAN hussain zuhailawati Biomaterials Niche Area Group School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringUniversiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia

Titanium and its alloys have long been used as implant materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties and apparent *** this,the search for better alloys has continued to be active by researchers and industries alike,as there are still pressing issues that require *** include(1)a large mismatch in the elastic modulus of the implant material,which causes a stress shielding problem;(2)the release of harmful ions from Ti alloys after long-term use;(3)a low bioactivity of the Ti alloy surface,which prolongs the healing *** research has been directed toward finding new generation Ti alloys composed of more biocompatible phases and modifying the surface of Ti alloys from naturally bio-inert to bioactive in order to circumvent the *** review examines recent work reported on the fabrication of Ti alloys,and based on the survey,major characteristics highlighted the importance of elastic modulus and the use of non-toxic metal elements to improve *** terms of surface modification of Ti alloys,numerous studies have found that a nano-scaled surface oxide layer grown on the surface is always beneficial to improving the bioactivity of Ti alloys for rapid recovery after *** comprehensive review focuses on the appropriate phase and composition for new Ti alloys intended for use as biomedical implants,emphasizing both fabrication and surface modification methods.

关键词： titanium alloy orthopedic application surface modification TiO_(2)nanotubes

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Mechanical and degradation behaviour of biodegradable magnesium-zinc/hydroxyapatite composite with different powder mixing

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第4期7卷 566-576页

作者： Siti Nur Hazwani Mohamad Rodzi hussain zuhailawati B.K.Dhindaw Biomaterials Niche Area Group School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringUniversiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia School of Minerals Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 751007India

Magnesium-based biomaterials have recently gained great attention as promising candidates for the new generation of biodegradable *** study investigated the mechanical performance and biodegradation behaviour of magnesium-zinc/hydroxyapatite(Mg-Zn/HA)composites fabricated by different powder mixing techniques.A single step mixing process involved mechanical alloying or mechanical milling techniques,while double step processing involved a combination of both mechanical alloying and mechanical *** mechanical properties of the composite were observed when the powders were prepared using single step processing via mechanical alloying ***,Mg-Zn/HA composite fabricated through single step processing via mechanical milling technique was found to have the most desirable low degradation rate coupled with highest *** composite achieved the lowest degradation rate of 0.039×10^−3 mm/year as measured by immersion test and 0.0230 mm/year as measured by electrochemical ***:P ratio of the composite also slightly more than enough to aid the initial bone mineralization,that is 1:1.76,as the required Ca:P ratio for initial bone mineralization is between 1:1 and 1:1.67.

关键词： Magnesium-based composite Biodegradable implant Powder metallurgy Mechanical alloying Mechanical milling

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Synthesis and Densification of Tungsten-Brass Composite by Mechanical Alloying

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Open Journal of Metal 2015年第3期5卷 27-36页

作者： Kahtan S. Mohammed Baba Gowon Shamsul Baharin Bin Jamaluddin zuhailawati hussain Polycarp Evarastics School of Materials Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) D/A Pajabat Pos Besar Kangar Malaysia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal Polytechnic Idah Nigeria School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia

Fabrication of full-density W-brass composites is very difficult to achieve because of evaporation of zinc, insolubility of W and brass and compacts expansion. In this study, to achieve full-density W-brass composites, mechanical alloying (MA) and activated sintering process were utilized. Mechanical coating of W with Ni using high energy planetary ball mill was carried out. The milling was divided into two stages: to alloy and modify the surface of W with Ni for enhanced activation. The microstructure of the milled powders and sintered compacts, elemental composition and phases present were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. As-received powder compacts was also sintered under the same condition for comparison purpose. The effects of milling time on the microstructure, sinterability and the hardness of the composites were investigated. It was observed that the samples produced from 8 h milled powder had the highest relative sintered density (98% TD) and microhardness (234 Hv). On the other hand, the samples from the as-received powders expanded and had a relative sintered density of (67% TD) and microhardness as low as 24 Hv. The significance of this study is the possibility of producing W-brass composites as a cheaper alternative to W-Cu composites.

关键词： W-Brass Mechanical Alloying Microstructure Expansion Hardness

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The Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Densification of Mechanically Alloyed W-Brass Composites

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Open Journal of Metal 2015年第3期5卷 19-26页

作者： Baba Gowon Kahtan S. Mohammed Shamsul Baharin Bin Jamaluddin zuhailawati hussain Polycarp Evarastics School of Materials Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) D/A Pajabat Pos Besar Kangar Malaysia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal Polytechnic Idah Nigeria School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia

Prealloyed (PA) and premixed (PM) W-brass with the composition of 60 wt% W, 1 wt% Ni and 39 wt% brass was sintered at the temperature of 800°C, 920°C and 1000°C each. As a result of difficulties in the densification of W-Cu and W-Cu alloys, mechanical alloying (MA) and activated sintering were combined. The powders were mechanically alloyed for 13 hours to produce nanosized W grains embedded in brass. The microstructure and properties of these composites with increase in sintering temperature has been studied. Both prealloyed and premixed composites sintered at 800°C (solid state sintering) and 920°C (sub-solidus state sintering) have lower sintered densities and hardness. The densification rate in the premixed composites was observed to be higher than that of the prealloyed composites. Their densification and properties increased with the increase in the sintering temperature. Premixed composite sintered at 1000°C had 91.0% sintered density, 180 Hv microhardness against 76.0% and 133 Hv respectively for prealloyed composite at the same temperature. The values of electrical conductivity in both prealloyed and premixed composites increased with increase in temperature.

关键词： W-Brass Temperature Densification Prealloy Hardness

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