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Playdough-like carbon electrode: A promising strategy for high efficiency perovskite solar cells and modules

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eScience 2024年第2期4卷 101-107页

作者： aodong Zhu Lin Chen ao Zhang Chenpu Zhu Xinxin Zhang Jie Zhong Fuzhi huang Yi-Bing Cheng Junyan Xiao School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology122 Luoshi RoadWuhanHubeiChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology122 Luoshi RoadWuhanHubeiChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadWuhanHubeiChina Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics Wuhan University of Technology122 Luoshi RoadWuhanHubeiChina Jinan Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology JinanShandongChina

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)are promising candidates for large-scale photovoltaic applications due to their theoretical low cost and high ***,the fabrication of high-performance C-PSCs with large-area electrodes remains *** this work,we propose a novel playdough-like graphite putty as top electrode in the perovskite *** electrode with soft nature can form good contact with the holetransporting layer and the conductive substrate at room temperature by a simple pressing technique,which facilitates the fabrication of both small-area devices and perovskite solar *** this preliminary research,the corresponding small devices and modules can achieve efficiencies of 20.29%(~0.15 cm^(2))and 16.01%(~10 cm^(2)),***,we analyze the limitations of the optical and electrical properties of this playdough-like graphite electrode on the device performance,suggesting a direction for further improvement of C-PSCs in the future.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Large-area module Carbon electrode Conductive playdough

Fli1 acts in parallel with Pu.1 to control macrophage and neutrophil fate in zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第3期51卷 359-362页

作者： ao Zhang Jingao Lu Shachuan Feng Huapeng Yu Tao Yu Shizheng Zhao Kemin Chen Zhibin huang Jin Xu Jianan Y.Qu Zilong Wen Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Division of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologySchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Department of Immunology and Microbiology School of Life ScienceSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China Biomedical Research Institute Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhenGuangdong 518036China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenGuangdong 518067China

Macrophages and neutrophils are key components of myeloid cells and play critical roles in innate immune responses,organ formation,and tissue *** integrity of their functions heavily relies on the generation of a proper number of mature macrophages and neutrophils through embryonic and adult *** mammalian adult myelopoiesis,oligopotent common myeloid progenitors(CMPs)are known to be the earliest myeloid progenitors,which give rise to granulocyte-macrophage progenitors(GMPs),subsequently differentiate into unipotent neutrophil and macrophage precursors,and finally,mature macrophages and neutrophils(Orkin and Zon,2008).In contrast,the ontogeny of embryonic myelopoiesis and the mechanism underlying the formation of macrophages and neutrophils remainless understood.

关键词： fish macrophage homeostasis

Elaborative collection of condensed combustion products of solid propellants:Towards a real Solid Rocket Motor(SRM)operational environment

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 77-88页

作者： Wenchao ZHANG Zhimin FAN Dongliang GOU Yao SHU Peijin LIU Aimin PANG Wen ao National Key Laboratory of Solid Rocket Propulsion Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Xiangyang 441003China

A novel constant-pressure and constant-quenching distance Condensed Combustion Products(CCPs)collection system was developed,coupled with a timing control system,to collect the CCPs formed in the course of burning of aluminum-based composite *** effects of adiabatic graphite plating,collection zone,quenching distance,time series of collection,and propellant burning rate on the microscopic morphology,particle size distribution and unburned aluminum content of CCPs were *** was verified that the graphite plating can provide a high-fidelity high-temperature environment for propellant *** combustion efficiency is improved by 2.44% compared to the bare propellant *** time series of collection has a significant effect on the combustion efficiency of aluminum,and the combustion efficiency of aluminum in the thermal state(1.2-2.4 s)is 2.75% higher than that in the cold state(0-1.2 s).Similarly,the characteristics of the CCPs in different collection zones are *** the quenching distance of 5 mm,the combustion efficiency of aluminum in the core zone(85.39%)is much lower than that in the outer zone(92.07%),while the particle size of the CCPs in the core zone(172μm)is larger than that in the outer zone(41μm).This indicates that the core zone is more likely to produce large-sized and incompletely burned agglomerates during the propellant combustion *** burning rates also lead to a significant difference in particle size distribution and combustion *** burning rates result in higher combustion efficiency.A detailed sequence of the elaborative collection process of CCPs is proposed,mainly including the setting of ignition delay time,burning rate,working pressure,plating length and time series of *** findings of this study are expected to provide a reliable tool for the evaluation of the combustion efficiency of solid propellants.

关键词： Composite propellants Condensed combustion products Aluminum Combustion efficiency Particle size distribution

Influence of ion species on extraction characteristicsof mixed ion beams

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 444-449页

作者： ao Xu Pingping Gan Xiang Wan Yuanjie Shi Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621999China

The spatial distributions of different kinds of ions are usually not completely the same in the process of *** order to study the reason for the different characteristics of ion extraction, a simplified simulation model of Cu+ andCr+ ions extraction process was established by 2D3V (two-dimensional in space and three- dimensional in velocity space)particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The effects of different extraction voltages from 0 V to 500 V on the density distribution ofCu+ and Cr+ ions and the change of plasma emission surface were analyzed. On the basis of this model, the ion densitydistribution characteristics of Cu+ ions mixed with Li+, Mg+, K+, Fe+, Y+, Ag+, Xe+, Au+, and Pb+ ions respectivelyunder 200-V extraction voltage are further simulated, and it is revealed that the atomic mass of the ions is the key reason fordifferent ion density distributions when different kinds of ions are mixed and extracted, which provides support for furtherunderstanding of ion extraction characteristics.

关键词： extraction ion species density distribution atomic mass

Incombustible solid polymer electrolytes:A critical review and perspective

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 264-281,I0007页

作者： Kai Wu Jin Tan Zhenfang Liu Chenguang Bao ao Li Qi Liu Baohua Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 413000HunanChina Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 055GuangdongChina

Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-density battery *** with superior thermal stability,good processability,and high mechanical modulus obtain increasing ***,SPE-based batteries are not impenetrable due to their decomposition and combustibility under extreme *** believe incorporating appropriate flame-retardant additives/solvents/fragments into SPEs can intrinsically reduce their flammability to solve the battery safety *** this review,the recent research progress of incombustible SPEs,with special emphasis on flame-retardant structural design,is ***,a brief introduction of flame-retardant mechanism,evaluation index for safety of SPEs,and a detailed overview of the latest advances on diverse-types SPEs in various battery systems are *** deep insight into thermal ru naway process,the free-standing incombustible GPEs,and the ratio nal design of pouch cell structures may be the main directions to motivate revolutionary next-generation for safety batteries.

关键词： Non-flammable electrolyte Solid polymer electrolyte High safety electrolyte Solid state electrolyte Solid state battery

A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1449-1455页

作者： Kevin huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology is the insuf-ficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms,which are associated with cell components and chemical *** components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions,whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant(air)and reductant(fuel).This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in *** discussion focuses on using thermodynamic ana-lysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr,CO_(2),H_(2)O,and SO_(2) and in the anode by species such as S(or H_(2)S),SiO_(2),and P_(2)(or PH_(3)).The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for search-ing for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.

关键词： impurities air fuel reaction activity

Evolution mechanism and quantitative characterization of initial micro-cracks in marble under triaxial compression

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第7期25卷 586-595页

作者： Zhiliang WANG Songyu LI Jianguo WANG ao LI Weixiang WANG Chenchen FENG Jingjing FU School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

The initial micro-cracks affect the evolution characteristics of macroscopic deformation and failure of rock but are often ignored in theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and mechanical *** this study,we propose a quantitative analysis model to investigate the effects of initial micro-cracks on the evolution of marble deformation and *** relationship between the micro-crack propagation and the marble failure characteristics was comprehensively studied by combining theoretical analysis with a micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning *** found that with the increase of confining pressure,the matrix elastic modulus of the marble first increased and then tended to be stable,while the micro-cracks increased *** sensitivity ranges of the marble sample matrix elastic modulus and micro-cracks to confining pressure were 0–30 MPa and 30–50 MPa,*** porosity and Poisson’s ratio decreased *** increasing proportion of internal micro-cracks led to an increase in the sample *** samples presented mainly shear failure under triaxial compression,and the failure angle decreased linearly with the increase of confining *** convergence direction of cracks decreased *** quantitative analysis model could accurately portray the relationship between the overall macroscopic deformation and the deviatoric stress of the samples at the compaction and the linear elastic stages,thus deepening the understanding of the stress–strain behavior of rocks.

关键词： Marble Initial micro-cracks Triaxial compression Constitutive relationship Crack evolution

Hydrogen release of NaBH_(4) below 60 ℃ with binary eutectic mixture of xylitol and erythritol additive

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 225-234页

作者： Yugang Shu Jiaguang Zheng Chengguo Yan ao Xia Meiling Lv Zhenxuan Ma Zhendong Yao School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China College of Materials and Chemistry China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

NaBH_(4) was widely regarded as a low-cost hydrogen storage material due to its high-mass hydrogen capacity of approximately 10.8%(mass)and high volumetric hydrogen capacity of around 115 g·L^(–1).However,it exhibits strong stability and requires temperatures above 500℃ for hydrogen release in practical *** this study,two polyhydric alcohols,xylitol and erythritol(XE),were prepared as a binary eutectic sugar alcohol through a grinding-melting *** binary eutectic sugar alcohol was used as a proton-hydrogen carrier to destabilize NaBH_(4).The 19NaBH_(4)-16XE composite material prepared by ball milling could start releasing hydrogen at 57.5℃,and the total hydrogen release can reach over 88.8%(4.45%(mass))of the theoretical *** the 19NaBH_(4)-16XE composite was pressed into solid blocks,the volumetric hydrogen capacity of the block-shaped composite could reach 67.2 g·L^(–1).By controlling the temperature,the hydrogen desorption capacity of the NaBH_(4)-XE composite material was controllable,which has great potential for achieving solid-state hydrogen production from NaBH_(4).

关键词： Hydrogen Desorption Binary mixture NaBH_(4) Xylitol Erythritol

(R,Q)库存策略下消耗件的协同订购方案优化

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北京理工大学学报 2013年第7期33卷 680-684,710页

作者：阮旻智李庆民黄傲林海军工程大学科研部湖北武汉430033 海军工程大学电子工程学院湖北武汉430033

制定合理备件订购方案是降低消耗件库存费用,提高装备供应效能的有效途径.针对目前军事装备典型的三级供应模式,根据协同供应链系统订购理论,以装备可用度为中心,建立了(R,Q)库存策略下的备件协同订购模型.在随机订购延误时间情况下,通... 详细信息

制定合理备件订购方案是降低消耗件库存费用,提高装备供应效能的有效途径.针对目前军事装备典型的三级供应模式,根据协同供应链系统订购理论,以装备可用度为中心,建立了(R,Q)库存策略下的备件协同订购模型.在随机订购延误时间情况下,通过引入拉格朗日因子对模型进行分解,采用启发式算法对模型进行优化求解.通过算例给出了优化结果,对各项影响因素进行了分析.优化结果符合实际,该方法能够为备件管理人员制定合理的备件方案提供决策依据.

关键词：供应链系统消耗性备件协同订购启发式优化拉格朗日因子