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Parvalbumin neuroplasticity compensates for somatostatin impairment, maintaining cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 566-587页

作者： Christopher daniel Morrone Aaron Yenhsin Lai Jossana Bishay Mary Elizabeth hill JoAnne McLaurin Biological Sciences Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoON M4N 3M5Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada

Background: Patient-to-patient variability in the degree to which β-amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration impact cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) complicates disease modeling and treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to cognitive resilience are not resolved. We hypothesize that the variability in cognitive function and loss relates to neuronal resilience of the hippocampal GABAergic network. Methods: We compared TgF344-AD and non-transgenic littermate rats at 9, 12, and 15 months of age. Neurons, β-amyloid plaques and tau inclusions were quantified in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PVB) interneurons were traced to examine hippocampal neuroplasticity and cognition was tested in the Barnes maze. Results: The 9-month-old TgF344-AD rats exhibited loss of neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Hippocampal neuronal compensation was observed in 12-month TgF344-AD rats, with upregulation of GABAergic interneuronal marker. By 15 months, the TgF344-AD rats had robust loss of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. β-Amyloid and tau pathology accumulated continuously across age. SST interneurons exhibited tau inclusions and atrophy from 9 months, whereas PVB interneurons were resilient until 15 months. The hippocampal PVB circuit underwent neuroplastic reorganization with increased dendritic length and complexity in 9- and 12-month-old TgF344- AD rats, before atrophy at 15 months. Strikingly, 12-month-old TgF344-AD rats were resilient in executive function and cognitive flexibility. Cognitive resilience in TgF344-AD rats occurred as maintenance of function between 9 and 12 months of age despite progressive spatial memory deficits, and was sustained by PVB neuroplasticity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the inherent neuronal processes leading to cognitive maintenance, and describe a novel finding of endogenous cognitive resilience in an AD model.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease TgF344-AD rat GABAergic interneuron Parvalbumin Somatostatin Barnes maze Hippocampus Neuronal compensation Cognitive resilience

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Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： Kyle Fulghum Helen E.Collins Steven P.Jones Bradford G.hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Although the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic changes that occur in the heart during and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent changes in the murine cardiac metabolome following 1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,glucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and high-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise augmented circulating 3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did high-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with significant increases occurring 1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts suggest considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by higher levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarginine,tryptophan,and several glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including acetyl coenzyme A,glucuronate,gulonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and glycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had higher levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced changes in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by significant,time-dependent changes in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using isolated cardiac mitochondria suggest that high-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling;however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate generally higher adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

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Assessing stakeholders'perceptions and values towards social-ecological systems using participatory methods

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 31-42页

作者： Grace B Villamor Ignacio Palomo Cesar A Lopez Santiago Elisa Oteros-Rozas Joe hill Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) Jl.Situ Gede16115 BogorIndonesia Basque Centre for Climate Change(BC3) Alameda Urquijo 448008 BilbaoSpain Department of Ecology Social-Ecological Systems LaboratoryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain Department of Political and Cultural Change Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113 BonnGermany

Introduction:Many conservation initiatives for managing social-ecological landscapes factor in the best available biophysical ***,insufficient consideration of social aspects can render such initiatives *** incorporating stakeholders'perceptions and values,and by involving stakeholders(transparently)in decision-making processes,conservation plans and efforts can better achieve desired goals and ***:In this paper,we present and analyze three case studies within different ecological and land use *** case study uses different participatory approaches to elicit stakeholders'perceptions and values,while seeking to involve stakeholders in the decision-making *** case studies are the following:(1)participatory scenario planning for a protected area in Doñana coastal wetland in Southwestern Spain;(2)assessment of ecosystem services trade-offs and social responses on rewards for agro-biodiversity in the rubber agroforest landscape in Jambi,Indonesia;and(3)socio-cultural evaluation,through visual stimuli,of ecosystem services provided by transhumance cultural landscapes in Central *** discuss how stakeholders perceive and value their environments and to what extent participatory approaches are useful for capturing information relating to land use and ecological ***:Social-ecological systems are inherently complex,having a variety of interacting actors with different types of ecological knowledge,interests,and *** participatory tools or approaches are appropriate for various and specific contexts and *** and integrating the various types of knowledge and values of different actors can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of social-ecological systems.

关键词： Actors Ecosystem services Ecological knowledge Social processes Socio-cultural valuation Values

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No place for Russia

No place for Russia

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作者： William H. hill.

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No place for Russia

No place for Russia

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作者： William H. hill.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265(Val66Met)single nucleotide polymorphism as a master modifier of human pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 102-106页

作者： Van Thuan Nguyen Braxton hill Naiya Sims Aaron Heck Marcus Negron Claire Lusk Cristi LGalindo Department of Biology Western Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKYUSA

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most prevalent member of the nerve growth factor *** its discovery in 1978,this enigmatic molecule has spawned more than 27,000 publications,most of which are focused on neurological ***-derived neurotrophic factor is indispensable during embryogenesis and postnatally for the normal development and function of both the central and peripheral nervous *** is becoming increasingly clear,however,that brain-derived neurotrophic factor likewise plays crucial roles in a variety of other biological functions independently of sympathetic or parasympathetic ***-derived neurotrophic factor is also increasingly recognized as a sophisticated environmental sensor and master coordinator of whole organismal *** that point,we recently found that a common nonsynonymous(Val66→Met)single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(rs6265)not only substantially alters basal cardiac transcriptomics in mice but subtly influences heart gene expression and function differentially in males and *** addition to a short description of recent results from associative neuropsychiatric studies,this review provides an eclectic assortment of research reports that support a modulatory role for rs6265 including and beyond the central nervous system.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor neuropsychiatric disorders rs6265 Val66Met

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A New Method for Measurements of the Poloidal Rotation Velocities and Wavelength Calibration of X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer in Magnetic Fusion Devices

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第4期17卷 265-267页

作者：石跃江吕波王福地 M.BITTER K.W.hill 叶民友 University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory PrincetonNew Jersey 08543USA

A new simple method is presented for the wavelength calibration and measurement of poloidal rotation velocities with X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer（XICS）in magnetic fusion *** this method,the toroidal rotation of plasma is applied for high precise alignment and wavelength calibration of the poloidal *** measurement threshold of poloidal rotation velocity can be lowered to 1-3 km/s with this method.

关键词： X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer wavelength calibration poloidal rotation velocity

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Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers

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Grassland Research 2023年第2期2卷 106-111页

作者： Kendall Lee Nicholas hill Chloe Dela Cerna Ali Missaoui Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA

Background:Tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea[Schreb.],Lolium arundinaceum[Schreb.]darbysh)and perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)are important cool-season forage and amenity grasses that have a mutualistic association with an endophytic *** confer insect and drought resistance to plants but can produce mammalian *** endophytes that do not produce mammalian toxins have been introduced to elite cultivars for commercial *** companies need to maintain adequate levels of novel endophytes within the elite forage *** detection is performed using immunochemical and molecular techniques because of their speed and *** detection in seedlings is essential to evaluate the viability of the endophyte within seed ***:This research aimed to identify the earliest growth stage in which immunochemical and molecular methods can detect viable endophyte in seedlings of tall fescue cultivars BarOptima(e34),Texoma MaxQII(584),and Jesup MaxQ(542),as well as the perennial ryegrass cultivar Remington(NEA2).Results:Immunochemical testing detected endophytes in seedlings 14 days after germination(daG),but the detection rate increased until 42 daG in some cultivars *** molecular marker Tef1exon detected endophytes at a lower rate than the immunochemical method at 28–42 ***,there was insufficient DNA to detect endophytes in 14 daG seedlings using ***:We conclude that the most accurate detection of viable endophytes in seedlings was 42 daG,at which sufficient and consistent endophyte colonization occurred.

关键词： endophyte immunoblot assay molecular markers perennial ryegrass tall fescue

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Chaos in a damped Power System

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1991年第1期2卷 42-50页

作者： J.Xie D.J.hill Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 AustraliaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

The analytical investigation of a damped power system has been made based on Holmes and Marsden's theorems. The condition for the occurrence of chaotic motions in the system is that the damping factor has to possess n... 详细信息

关键词： Chaos Melnikov function Homoclinic orbit Horseshoe map Strange attractor.

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Integrity monitoring of fixed ambiguity Precise Point Positioning(PPP)solutions

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 141-148页

作者： Altti JOKINEN Shaojun FENG Wolfgang SCHUSTER Washington OCHIENG Chris HIDE Terry MOORE Chris hill Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London Centre for Transport StudiesLondon SW72AZUK Nottingham Geospatial Institute(NGI) University of NottinghamNottingham NG72TUUK

Traditional positioning methods,such as conventional Real Time Kinematic(cRTK)rely upon local reference networks to enable users to achieve high-accuracy *** need for such relatively dense networks has significant cost *** Point Positioning(PPP)on the other hand is a positioning method capable of centimeter-level positioning without the need for such local networks,hence providing significant cost benefits especially in remote *** paper presents the state-of-the-art PPP method using both GPS and GLONASS measurements to estimate the float position solution before attempting to resolve GPS integer *** monitoring is carried out using the Imperial College Carrier-phase Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring method.A new method to detect and exclude GPS base-satellite failures is developed.A base-satellite is a satellite whose measurements are differenced from other satellite’s measurements when using between-satellite-differenced measurements to estimate *** failure detection and exclusion methods are tested using static GNSS data recorded by International GNSS Service stations both in static and dynamic processing *** results show that failure detection can be achieved in all cases tested and failure exclusion can be achieved for static *** the kinematic processing cases,failure exclusion is more difficult because the higher noise in the measurement residuals increases the difficulty to distinguish between failures associated with the base-satellite and other satellites.

关键词： Precise Point Positioning(PPP) integrity ambiguity resolution failure exclusion

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