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Impact of xylanases on gut microbiota of growing pigs fed corn-or wheat-based diets

Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 339-350页

作者： Zhengxiao Zhang hein m.tun Ru Li Beatriz J.m.Gonzalez Hannah C.Keenes Charles m.Nyachoti Elijah Kiarie Ehsan Khafipour Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba Department of medical microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Department of Animal Bioscience University of Guelph

This study investigated the effects of xylanase supplementations with cereal-based diets on nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota of growing pigs. A total of 96 individually penned pigs(initial BW = 22.7 ± 0.65 kg) were allotted to 12 treatments and subjected to a completely randomized block design experiment. Pigs in each treatment were fed an isocaloric wheat-based or corn-based diet with or without 1 of 5 types of xylanase supplements(XA, XB, XC, XD, XE). On d 42, all piglets were euthanized to obtain ileal and cecal digesta for microbial analysis, which involved high-throughput sequencing of the V1 - V3 regions of 16 S rRNA gene. Corn-and wheat-based diets differed(P ments affected the alpha-and beta-diversities of microbiota in the cecum but not in the ileum. The wheat-based diet increased(P mpared with the corn-based diet. Wheat-based diet also promoted the relative abundance of genus(g.) Succinivibrio while corn-based diet promoted the proportion of family(f.) Veillonellaceae in the community. Among xylanases, only XC within the wheat-based diet altered(P microbiota compared with control. For each cereal-based diet and compared with the controls, xylanase treatments affected(P m(f. Peptostreptococcaceae, order [o.]Streptophyta, f. Clostridiaceae, g. Clostridium and g. Streptococcus) and 8 in the cecum(g. Lactobacillus,g. Streptococcus, class [c.] Clostridia, f. Clostridiaceae, g. megasphaera, g. Prevotella, g. Roseburia and ***). Network analysis showed that across diets under control treatments, Bacteroidetes was the most influential phylum promoting cooperative relationships among members of the ileum and cecum microbiota. Xylanase treatment, however, reduced the influence of Bacteroidetes and promoted a large number of hub taxa majority

关键词： Piglets microbiota Xylanase Arabinoxylans Digestibility

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Baseline gut microbiota and metabolome predict durable immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 5085-5095页

作者： Ye Peng Lin Zhang Chris K.P.mok Jessica Y.L.Ching Shilin Zhao matthew K.L.Wong Jie Zhu Chunke Chen Shilan Wang Shuai Yan Biyan Qin Yingzhi Liu Xi Zhang Chun Pun Cheung Pui Kuan Cheong Ka Long Ip Adrian C.H.Fung Kenneth K.Y.Wong David S.C.Hui Francis K.L.Chan Siew C.Ng hein m.tun microbiota I-Center(maglC) Hong KongChina Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Gut microbiota Research The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of cOVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be *** this cohort study,we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline,1 month,and 6 months post vaccination(p.v).Neutralisation antibody,plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition.

关键词： vaccine immunity vaccines

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Particle size and packing characterization by diffuse light transmission

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Particuology 2012年第5期10卷 619-627页

作者： Henrik Ehlers Jyrki heinmki Jouko Yliruusi Division of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E) FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Department of Biosciences bo Akademi University BioCity Artillerigatan 6 20520 Turku Finland Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine University of Tartu Nooruse 1 50411 Tartu Estonia

Particle size, packing density and blend composition of glass ballotini, microcrystalline cellulose pellets and theophylline granules were studied by diffuse light transmission. Diffuse visible light was directed to the sample and the intensity of the light transmitted to the opposite side of the sample was measured through a diffusing lens using a phototransistor, Light transmission was found to decrease with decreasing particle size and with increasing packing density, There was a correlation, though somewhat irregular, between light transmission and particle size for glass ballotini and microcrystalline cellulose pellets, and a strong near-linear correlation between light transmission and particle size for theophylline granules, The effect of packing density on light transmission was significant, Differentiating the composition of binary blends of microcrystalline cellulose pellets and glass ballotini and blends of theophylline granules was found possible on the basis of light transmission, The method proposed showed potential as a rapid, simple and inexpensive analytical tool for basic process diagnostics,

关键词： Light transmissionParticle sizePacking densityConvectionSegregation

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Status,perspectives and trends of satellite navigation

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Satellite Navigation 2020年第1期1卷 245-256页

作者： Guenter W.hein Emeritus of Excellence Universität der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner-Heisenberg-Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany Chairman of the Executive Board Munich Aerospace e.V.Ludwig Bölkow CampusWilly-Messerschmitt-Str.182024 Taufkirchen bei MünchenGermany

This paper reviews the status of satellite navigation(as per 11 may 2020)-without claim for completeness-and discusses the various global navigation satellite systems,regional satellite navigation systems and satellite-based augmentation *** and challenges for delivering nowadays a safe and reliable navigation are *** opportunities,perspectives and megatrends of satellite navigation are *** remarks are closing this paper emphasizing the great value of satellite navigation at present and in future.

关键词： GPS GLONASS BDS Galileo Status Perspectives Challenges megatrends

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Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units:legislative,economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai

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Built Heritage 2020年第2期4卷 56-71页

作者： Kaiyi Zhu Carola m.hein Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment Delft University of TechnologyJulianalaan 1342628 BL DelftNetherlands

Since the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century,the urban development of many Chinese cities,and notably of Shanghai,has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural *** Shanghai,extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port *** of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city,creating civic tension around demolition,conservation and the redevelopment of colonial *** the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession,the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System(CRPS),and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project,this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities:legislative time,economic time and citizen *** paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage *** communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday *** underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms,economic interests and the public’s demands.

关键词： Cultural Relics Protection System(CRPS) Bugaoli(CitéBourgogne) Legislative time Economic time Citizen time Temporalities Shanghai Urban heritage conservation

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完善缅甸海员社会保障法律制度研究

完善缅甸海员社会保障法律制度研究

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作者：高泉（hein THU tun）大连海事大学

学位级别：硕士

由于航运业的特殊性,海员在船上进行日常工作时会面临一些风险,因此需要特别的保护。国际劳工组织于2006年通过了《海事劳工公约》,以保护海员的权利,该公约于2016年生效。缅甸于2016年批准并加入了《海事劳工公约》,并将其纳入缅甸法... 详细信息

由于航运业的特殊性,海员在船上进行日常工作时会面临一些风险,因此需要特别的保护。国际劳工组织于2006年通过了《海事劳工公约》,以保护海员的权利,该公约于2016年生效。缅甸于2016年批准并加入了《海事劳工公约》,并将其纳入缅甸法律制度中实施。由于缅甸是一个发展中国家,海员不仅在贸易行业是重要的贡献者之一,也是缅甸整个国家主要收入的重要贡献者之一。因此,在海员保护基本权利和促进职业发展方面,总是需要提供更多的保护。在其他保护措施中,社会保障保护是能确保船员体面工作的基本因素之一,但却是缅甸大多数海员最不觉察的。本文旨在研究《国际海员社会保障国际海事条例》和缅甸海员社会保障法律制度,采用比较方法分析出国家法律制度的薄弱点并就完善现行法律制度提出建议。首先,研究介绍了海员社会保障的背景资料、研究目标、研究大纲和研究方法。其次,对海员社会保障的基本概念、海员社会保障和海员社会保障的适用法律进行了综述。第三,研究海员社会保障的国际法律框架,通过分析已经批准《海事劳工公约》国家的法律制度确定实施《海事劳工公约》需求的标准。此外,本文还研究了国际海事公约中要求的海员社会保障中不同成员的责任和义务。第四,通过与国际法规中的要求对比,研究海员社会保障目前在缅甸法律制度的实施并找出不足之处。最后但并非不重要的一点,考虑对缅甸海员和情况给予有利于保护,将提出关于改进现有国家海员社会保障法律制度的建议。最后,本研究的结论,为海员的良好保护提供建议,并建议为海员社会保障提供更多的保护。

关键词：国际法律框架海事劳工公约缅甸法律制度海员社会保障

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mRBLES 2.0: High-throughput generation of chemically functionalized spectrally and magnetically encoded hydrogel beads using a simple single-layer microfluidic device

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 145-157页

作者： Yinnian Feng Adam K.White Jamin B.hein Eric A.Appel Polly m.Fordyce Department of Genetics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 3b2200 CopenhagenDenmark Department of materials Science&Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Stanford ChEm-H Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoCA 94110USA

The widespread adoption of bead-based multiplexed bioassays requires the ability to easily synthesize encoded microspheres and conjugate analytes of interest to their ***,we present a simple method(mRBLEs 2.0)for the efficient high-throughput generation of microspheres with ratiometric barcode lanthanide encoding(mRBLEs)that bear functional groups for downstream surface *** production in mRBLEs 2.0 relies on the manual mixing of lanthanide/polymer mixtures(each of which comprises a unique spectral code)followed by droplet generation using single-layer,parallel flow-focusing devices and the off-chip batch polymerization of droplets into *** streamline downstream analyte coupling,mRBLEs 2.0 crosslinks copolymers bearing functional groups on the bead surface during bead *** the mRBLEs 2.0 pipeline,we generate monodisperse mRBLEs containing 48 distinct well-resolved spectral codes with high throughput(>150,000/min and can be boosted to 450,000/min).We further demonstrate the efficient conjugation of oligonucleotides and entire proteins to carboxyl mRBLEs and of biotin to amino ***,we show that mRBLEs can also be magnetized via the simultaneous incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles with only a minor decrease in the potential code *** the advantages of dramatically simplified device fabrication,elimination of the need for custom-made equipment,and the ability to produce spectrally and magnetically encoded beads with direct surface functionalization with high throughput,mRBLEs 2.0 can be directly applied by many labs towards a wide variety of downstream assays,from basic biology to diagnostics and other translational research.

关键词： beads spectral functional

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Wastewater Surveillance Provides Spatiotemporal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics

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Engineering 2024年第9期40卷 70-77页

作者： Xiawan Zheng Kathy Leung Xiaoqing Xu Yu Deng Yulin Zhang Xi Chen Chung In Yau Kenny W.K.Hui Eddie Pak Ho-Kwong Chui Ron Yang hein min tun Gabriel matthew Leung Joseph Tsz Kei Wu malik Peiris Leo Lit man Poon Tong Zhang Environmental microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center for Environmental Engineering ResearchDepartment of Civil EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Litd.(D24H) Hong Kong 999077China The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Hong Kong 999077China School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China HKU-Pasteur Research Pole The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Wastewater surveillance(WWS)can leverage its wide coverage,population-based sampling,and high monitoring frequency to capture citywide pandemic trends independent of clinical *** we conducted a nine months daily WWS for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)from 12 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),covering approximately 80%of the population,to monitor infection dynamics in Hong Kong,*** found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in wastewater was correlated with the daily number of reported cases and reached two pandemic peaks three days earlier during the study *** addition,two different methods were established to estimate the prevalence/incidence rates from wastewater *** estimated results from wastewater were consistent with findings from two independent citywide clinical surveillance programmes(rapid antigen test(RAT)surveillance and serology surveillance),but higher than the cases number reported by the Centre for Health Protection(CHP)of Hong Kong,***,the effective reproductive number(R_(t))was estimated from wastewater measurements to reflect both citywide and regional transmission *** findings demonstrate that large-scale intensive WWS from WWTPs provides cost-effective and timely public health information,especially when the clinical surveillance is inadequate and *** approach also provides insights into pandemic dynamics at higher spatiotemporal resolutions,facilitating the formulation of effective control policies and targeted resource allocation.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater surveillance Prevalence Effective reproductive number

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Alpine Activity Patterns of mitopus morio(Fabricius, 1779) are Induced by Variations in Temperature and Humidity at Different Scales in Central Norway

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 644-655页

作者： Nils hein Roland PAPE Oliver-D. FINCH Jorg LOFFLER Department of C-eography University of Bonn Meckenheimer AUee 166 D-53115 Bonn Germany Achtern Nordpol 8 D-26180 Rastede Germany

Our research addresses questions about how micro-climate affects activity abundance of a common and widespread harvestman in an alpine ecosystem. Activity patterns of the Harvestman mitopus morio(Fabricius, 1779) were studied along different alpine gradients in the central Norwegian Scandes. Within a nested design, we surveyed 18 alpine habitats with pitfall traps and microclimatological equipment along oceanic-continental, two elevational, and(fine-scaled) microtopographic gradients. Sites in the oceanic region of the Scandes showed generally higher abundance of m. morio than sites in the continental region. Furthermore, along the elevational gradient, middle-alpine sites showed higher abundances than low-alpine sites. These general patterns are best explained by higher humidity in the oceanic region and in the middlealpine belt. Focusing at a finer scale, i.e. one elevational level within each region, revealed partly opposing activity patterns within relatively short distances. While in the western middle-alpine belt these patterns were best explained by humidityrelated measures but now with higher activity abundance during drier conditions, in the drier eastern middle-alpine belt heat sums rather than humidity were found to be the best explanatoryvariables for the observed patterns. Hence, our results imply a pronounced different reaction of the two populations towards climatic variables that partly even contradict the previously described general pattern. Regardless whether these differences in activity abundance in m. morio are a form of phenotypic plasticity or adaptation, our findings stress the importance of detailed autecological knowledge combined with fine-scaled climatic measurements when aiming at predictions about possible future ecosystem structures and spatiotemporal phenomena. m. morio proves to be an ideal biogeographic model organism for understanding spatio-temporal responses of alpine ecosystems under modified climatic conditions.

关键词： Climate gradients Opiliones Arctic-alpine ecosystems High mountains Scandinavia

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Quantifying the refractive index dispersion of a pigmented biological tissue using Jamin–Lebedeff interference microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 58-63页

作者： Doekele G Stavenga hein L Leertouwer Bodo D Wilts Computational Physics Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNL-9747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Jamin–Lebedeff polarizing interference microscopy is a classical method for determining the refractive index and thickness of transparent ***,we extend the application of this method to pigmented,absorbing biological tissues,based on a theoretical derivation using Jones *** novel method is applied to the wings of the American Rubyspot damselfly,Hetaerina *** membranes in the red-colored parts of the damselfly’s wings,with a thickness of 2.5 μm,contain a pigment with maximal absorption at 490 nm and a peak absorbance coefficient of 0.7 μm^(-1).The high pigment density causes a considerable and anomalous dispersion of the refractive *** result can be quantitatively understood from the pigment absorbance spectrum by applying the Kramers–Kronig dispersion *** of the spectral dependence of the refractive index and the absorption are valuable for gaining quantitative insight into how the material properties of animal tissues influence coloration.

关键词： absorption chitin insect wings Jones calculus Kramers–Kronig relations

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