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Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate: A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 926-933页

作者： Victor Ibrahim Tobias hey Karin Jonsson VA SYD SE-201 21 Malmo Sweden Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University SE-21100 Lund Sweden

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.

关键词： five pH point titration gas chromatography spectrophotometry short-chain fatty acids sludge hydrolysis sample storage

KAT4IA:K-Means Assisted Training for Image Analysis of Field-Grown Plant Phenotypes

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 144-155页

作者： Xingche Guo Yumou Qiu Dan Nettleton Cheng-Ting Yeh Zihao Zheng Stefan hey Patrick SSchnable Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityIowaUSA Plant Sciences Institute Iowa State UniversityIowaUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityIowaUSA

High-throughput phenotyping enables the efficient collection of plant trait data at *** example involves using imaging systems over key phases of a crop growing *** the resulting images provide rich data for statistical analyses of plant phenotypes,image processing for trait extraction is required as a *** methods for trait extraction are mainly based on supervised learning with human labeled data or semisupervised learning with a mixture of human labeled data and unsupervised ***,preparing a sufficiently large training data is both time and *** describe a self-supervised pipeline(KAT4IA)that uses K-means clustering on greenhouse images to construct training data for extracting and analyzing plant traits from an image-based field phenotyping *** KAT4IA pipeline includes these main steps:self-supervised training set construction,plant segmentation from images of field-grown plants,automatic separation of target plants,calculation of plant traits,and functional curve fitting of the extracted *** deal with the challenge of separating target plants from noisy backgrounds in field images,we describe a novel approach using row-cuts and column-cuts on images segmented by transform domain neural network learning,which utilizes plant pixels identified from greenhouse images to train a segmentation model for field *** approach is efficient and does not require human *** results show that KAT4IA is able to accurately extract plant pixels and estimate plant heights.

关键词： utilize preparing separating

Upper gastrointestinal tract capsule endoscopy using a nurse-led protocol: First reported experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第26期24卷 2893-2901页

作者： hey-Long Ching Ailish Healy Victoria Thurston Melissa F Hale Reena Sidhu Mark E McAlindon Academic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

AIM To test the feasibility and performance of a novel upper gastrointestinal(GI) capsule endoscope using a nurse-led protocol. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of patients who declined gastroscopy(oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, OGD) but who consented to upper GI capsule endoscopy. Patients swallowed the upper GI capsule following ingestion of 1 liter of water(containing simethicone). A series of positional changes were used to exploit the effects of water flow and move the upper GI capsule from one gravity-dependent area to another using a nurse-led protocol. Capsule transit time, video reading time, mucosal visualisation, pathology detection and patient tolerance was *** Fifty patients were included in the study. The mean capsule transit times in the oesophagus and stomach were 28 s and 68 min respectively. Visualisation of the following major anatomical landmarks was achieved(graded 1-5: Poor to excellent): Oesophagus, 4.8(± 0.5); gastro-oesophageal junction(GOJ), 4.8(± 0.8); cardia, 4.8(± 0.8); fundus, 3.8(± 1.2); body, 4.5(± 1); antrum, 4.5(± 1); pylorus, 4.7(± 0.8); duodenal bulb, 4.7(± 0.7); second part of the duodenum(D2), 4.7(± 1). The upper GI capsule reached D2 in 64% of patients. The mean video reading time was 48 min with standard playback mode and 20 min using Quickview(P = 0.0001). No pathology was missed using Quickview. Procedural tolerance was excellent. No complications were seen with the upper GI capsule. CONCLUSION The upper GI capsule achieved excellent views of the upper GI tract. Future studies should compare the diagnostic accuracy between upper GI capsule and OGD.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Upper gastrointestinal Gastroscopy Oesophagus Stomach

Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies:An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第10期7卷 249-270页

作者： Zhuoran Wu Brian Chan Jessalyn Low Justin Jang Hann Chu Hwee Weng Dennis hey Andy Tay Institute of Health Innovation&Technology National University of Singapore117599Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore117583Singapore Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117599Singapore Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117545Singapore Infectious Disease Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117547Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology 35 Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research138673Singapore National University Health System National University of Singapore119228Singapore Tissue Engineering Programme National University of Singapore117510Singapore

Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic *** developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique *** tunable physicochemical properties,nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal,antifouling,immunomodulating,and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal *** its substantial advancement,an important,but under-explored area,is potential microbial resistance to nanomaterials and how this can impact the clinical use of antimicrobial *** review aims to provide a better understanding of nanomaterial-associated microbial resistance to accelerate bench-to-bedside translations of emerging nanotechnologies for effective control of implant associated infections.

关键词： Bacterial infection Orthopaedic implant Microbial resistance Nanomaterial Antimicrobial nanotechnology

Ultra-High Field Diffusion MRI Reveals Early Axonal Pathology in Spinal Cord of ALS mice

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2018年第1期7卷 187-200页

作者： Rodolfo G.Gatto Manish Y.Amin Daniel Deyoung Matthew hey Thomas H.Mareci Richard L.Magin Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Illinois at Chicago808 S.Wood St.Rm 578 M/C 512ChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Physics University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons leading to *** previous MRI diffusion tensor imaging studies detected early white matter changes in the spinal cords of mice carrying the G93A-SOD1 ***,we extend those studies using ultra-high field MRI(17.6 T)and fluorescent microscopy to investigate the appearance of early structural and connectivity changes in the spinal cords of ALS ***:The spinal cords from presymptomatic and symptomatic mice(80 to 120 days of age)were scanned(ex-vivo)using diffusion-weighted *** fractional anisotropy(FA),axial(AD)and radial(RD)diffusivities were calculated for axial slices from the thoracic,cervical and lumbar regions of the spinal *** diffusion parameters were compared with fluorescence microscopy and membrane cellular markers from the same tissue ***:At early stages of the disease(day 80)in the lumbar region,we found,a 19% decrease in FA,a 9% decrease in AD and a 35% increase in *** changes were observed in cervical and thoracic spinal cord *** between control and ALS mice groups at the symptomatic stages(day 120)were *** fluorescence microscopy at 80 days,demonstrated a 22% reduction in axonal area and a 22% increase in axonal *** and quantitative connectome analyses measured by edge weights showed a 52%decrease in the lumbar regions of the spinal cords of this ALS mice group.A significant increase in ADC(23.3%)in the ALS mice group was related to an increase in aquaporin ***:These findings suggest that the combination of ultra-high field diffusion MRI with fluorescent ALS mice reporters is a useful approach to detect and characterize presymptomatic white matter micro-ultrastructural changes and axonal connectivity anomalies in ALS.

关键词： Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Cord,Ultra-high Field MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging Yellow Fluorescent Protein G93A-SOD1 mice Axonal Degeneration Tractography Connectomics

Reduced upper limb lean mass on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts adverse outcomes in male liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第6期12卷 120-130页

作者： Penelope hey Rudolf Hoermann Paul Gow Timothy P Hanrahan Adam G Testro Ross Apostolov Marie Sinclair Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia

BACKGROUND Pre-transplant muscle wasting measured by computed tomography has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes after liver transplantation including increased rates of sepsis and hospitalisation *** limb lean mass(LM)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)was recently identified as a novel predictor of sarcopenia-associated mortality in men waitlisted for *** To investigate the use of DEXA LM in predicting gender-stratified early posttransplant *** Liver transplant recipients who underwent pre-transplant DEXA body composition imaging between 2002 and 2017 were *** included posttransplant mortality and graft failure,bacterial infections,acute cellular rejection(ACR)and intensive care and total hospital length of *** Four hundred and sixty-nine patients met inclusion criteria of which 338 were male(72%).Median age was 55.0 years(interquartile range 47.4,59.7)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score *** time from assessment to transplantation was 7 mo(3.5,12).Upper limb LM was inversely associated with bacterial infections at 180 d post-transplant(hazard ratio=0.42;95%confidence interval:0.20-0.89;P=0.024)in males *** was a negative correlation between upper limb LM and intensive care(τb=-0.090,P=0.015)and total hospital length of stay(τb=-0.10,P=0.0078)in *** women,neither MELD nor body composition parameters were associated with post-transplant adverse outcomes or increased length of *** composition parameters,MELD and age were not associated with 90-d mortality or graft failure in either *** were no significant predictors of early *** Sarcopenia is an independent and potentially modifiable predictor of increased post-transplant bacterial infections and hospital length of stay in men with *** upper limb LM provides a novel measure of muscle wasting that has prognostic value in this *** lack of association in women req

关键词： Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Sarcopenia Body composition Liver transplantation Survival

Biologic characteristic studies of DNA mismatch—repair enzyme hMSH2—deficient cell strain

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2002年第6期16卷 414-414页

作者： hey ZhuaZX DepartmentofHealthToxicology SchoolofPublicHealthSunYat－SenUniversityGuangzhou510080China ShenzhenCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention Shenzhen518000China

The effect of hMSH2 enzyme-deficiency on the cell growing phenotypes,cell ultrastructure,growth character and cell cycle were observed with electronic microscopy examination,cell counting and flow ***2-deficient cell strain was constructed by transfecting hMSH2 recombination plasmid of antisense RNA into human embryo lung fibroblasts(HLF).In hMSH2-deficient cells,there were a lot of morphological changes under electronic microscopy,such as irregular shape,a lot of protuberances on the surface of cell,the enlarged *** average time of double increment of HLF and hMSH2-deficient cells were 1.0d and 0.78d,*** suggested that the cell proliferation of hMSH2-deficient cells was greater than that of *** distribution of HLF and hMSH2-deficient cells in G1,G2 and S phases was different.A large part of hMSH2-deficient cells was blocked in G1 ***2-deficient cells increased,but it is still not a typical malignant ***,this cell strain could be used as biologic material to detect mutagenesis of environmental chemicals.

关键词： DNA修复细胞周期酶hMSH2缺乏细胞系

Recent trends in molecular aggregates:An exploration of biomedicine

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2022年第2期3卷 72-106页

作者： Jeongyun Heo Dhiraj P.Murale hey Young Yoon V.Arun Sangkee Choi Eunha Kim Jun-Seok Lee Sehoon Kim Center for Theragnosis Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792South Korea Molecular Recognition Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792South Korea Department of Pharmacology Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499South Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Molecular aggregates are receiving tremendous attention,demonstrating immense potential for biomedical applications in vitro and in *** instance,the molecular aggregates of conventional fluorophores influence the electronic excitation states of the aggregates,causing characteristic photophysical property changes.A fundamental understanding of this classical relationship between molecular aggregate structures and photophysics has allowed for innovative biological *** chemical characteristics of drug molecules generally trigger the formation of colloidal aggregates,and this is considered detrimental to the drug discovery ***,nano-sized supramolecular aggregates have been used in biomedical imaging and therapy owing to their optimal properties for in vivo utility,including enhanced cell permeability,passive tumor targeting,and convenient surface ***,we provide an overview of the recent trends in molecular aggregates for biomedical *** changes in photophysical properties of conventional fluorophores and their biological applications are discussed,followed by the effects of conventional drug molecule-aggregates on drug discovery and therapeutics *** trends in the investigation of biologically important analytes with aggregation-induced emission are discussed for conventional and unconventional ***,we discuss nano-sized supramolecular aggregates used in imaging and therapeutic purposes,with a focus on in vivo utilization.

关键词： aggregation-induced emission molecular aggregate nanomedicine

Ampullary neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed by endoscopic papillectomy in previously confirmed ampullary adenoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第13期22卷 3687-3692页

作者： Seoung Ho Lee Tae Hoon Lee Si-Hyong Jang Chi Young Choi Won Myung Lee Ji hey Min Hyun Deuk Cho Sang-Heum Park Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Cheonan Hospital Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Cheonan Hospital

Ampullary adenoma is a common indication for endoscopic papillectomy. Ampullary neuroendocrine tumor(NET) is a rare disease for which complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice. However, because of the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical resection, endoscopic papillectomy is increasingly used in selected cases of low grade, with no metastasis and no invasion of the pancreatic or bile duct. Also, confirmed and complete endoscopic resection of ampullary NET accompanied by adenoma has not been reported to date. We report herein a rare case of an ampullary NET accompanied with adenoma, which was successfully and completely resected via endoscopic papillectomy. Prior to papillectomy, this case was diagnosed as an ampullary adenoma.

关键词： Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine tumor Adenoma Papillectomy