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differentiations of geographic distribution and subsistence strategies between Tibetan and other major ethnic groups are determined by the physical environment in Hehuang Valley

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第2期62卷 412-422页

作者： Xin JIA harry F.LEE Mengchun CUI Guoquan CHENG Yang ZHAO Hong dING Ricci P.H.YUE Huayu LU School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Needham Research Institute department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Marxism Taiyuan University of Technology department of Geography and International Center for China development Studies The University of Hong Kong

The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical *** ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationsh

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Ethnic group Ethnic geography Hehuang Valley Ando Tibetan region

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Clinical characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2020年第1期17卷 199-207页

作者： Xiaonan Cui daiwei Han Marjolein AHeuvelmans Yihui du Yingru Zhao Lei Zhang harry JMGroen Geertruida Hde Bock Monique ddorrius Matthijs Oudkerk Rozemarijn Vliegenthart Zhaoxiang Ye department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060China department of Radiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands department of Epidemiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Medisch Spectrum Twente Department of PulmonologyEnschede 7512 KZThe Netherlands department of Thoracic Surgery Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinTianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060China department of Pulmonary diseases University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands University of Groningen University Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands

Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer ***:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively *** analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign *** information was collected from hospital ***:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were *** to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,Pd(16.0%vs.4.7%,Pd more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,Pdensity in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as *** 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR *** to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]*** of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary ***,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.

关键词： Lung nodule diagnosis computed tomography pathology China

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Elastic and Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratios: The Theoretical Mechanics Perspective

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第4期8卷 291-332页

作者： harry H. Hilton Aerospace Engineering department College of Engineering and Private Sector Program Division The National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Urbana IL USA

A recent review publication presented an extensive and comprehensive assessment of the phenomenological relations of Poisson’s ratios (PRs) to the behavior and responses of contemporary materials under specific loading conditions. The present review and analysis paper is intended as a theoretical mechanics complement covering mathematical and physical modeling of a single original elastic and of six time and process (i.e. path and stress) dependent viscoelastic PR definitions as well as a seventh special path independent one. The implications and consequences of such models on material characterization are analyzed and summarized. Indeed, PRs based on experimentally obtained 2-d strains under distinct creep and/or relaxation processes exhibit radically different time responses for identical material specimen. These results confirm the PR’s implicit path dependence in addition to their separate intrinsic time reliance. Such non-uniqueness of viscoelastic PRs renders them unsuitable as universal material descriptors. Analytical formulations and experimental measurements also examine the physical impossibility of instantaneously achieving time independent loads or strains or their rates thus making certain PR definitions based on constant state variables, while mathematically valid, physically unrealistic and unachievable. A newly developed theoretical/experimental protocol for the determination of the time when loading patterns reach stead-state conditions based on strain accelerations demonstrates the capability to measure this time from experimental data. due to the process dependent PRs, i.e. stress and stress history paths, the non-existence of a unique viscoelastic PR and of a universal elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle or analogy (EVCP) in terms of PRs is demonstrated. Additionally and independently, the required double convolution integral construction of linear viscoelastic constitutive relations with the inclusion of PRs is cumbersome analytically

关键词： Elastic and Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratios (PRs) Transient Load Build up Viscoelasticity PR Nonlinearities PR Categories Loading History PR dependence

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Evaluation of a chitosan-polyethylene glycol paste as a local antibiotic delivery device

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世界骨科杂志：英文版 2017年第2期8卷 130-141页

作者： Cheyenne S Rhodes Christopher M Alexander Joel M Berretta harry S Courtney Karen E Beenken Mark S Smeltzer Joel d Bumgardner Warren O Haggard J Amber Jennings department of Biomedical Engineering University of Memphis department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science CenterVeterans Affairs Medical Center department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

AIM To investigate the efficacy of a chitosan/polyethylene glycol blended paste as a local antibiotic delivery device, particularly in musculoskeletal *** Acidic(A) chitosan sponges and neutralized(N) chitosan/polyethylene glycol(PEG) blended sponges were combined in ratios of 3A:2N, 1A:1N, and 2A:3N; then hydrated with phosphate buffered saline to form a chitosan/PEG paste(CPP). Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the potential CPP has as a local antibiotic delivery device. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed by the cytotoxic response of fibroblast cells exposed to the experimental groups. degradation rate was measured as the change in dry mass due to lysozyme based degradation over a 10-d period. The antibiotic elution profiles and eluate activity of CPP were evaluated over a 72-h period. To assess the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of the CPP, antibiotic-loaded paste samples were exposed to subcutaneously implanted murine catheters inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Material properties of the experimental paste groups were evaluated by testing the ejection force from a syringe, as well as the adhesion to representative musculoskeletal tissue *** The highly acidic CPP group, 3A:2N, displayed significantly lower cell viability than the control sponge group. The equally distributed group, 1A:1N, and the highly neutral group, 2A:3N, displayed similar cell viability to the control sponge group and are deemed biocompatible. The degradation studies revealed CPP is more readily degradable than the chitosan sponge control group. The antibiotic activity studies indicated the CPP groups released antibiotics at a constant rate and remained above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the respective test bacteria for a longer time period than the control chitosan sponges, as well as displaying a minimized burst release. The in vivo functional model resulted in complete bacterial infection prevention in all catheters tr

关键词： Chitosan Polyethylene glycol Paste Local antibiotic delivery Biofilm Bacterial infection

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Methods of computed tomography screening and management of lung cancer in Tianjin: design of a population-based cohort study

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 181-188页

作者： Yihui du Yingru Zhao Grigory Sidorenkov Geertruida H.de Bock Xiaonan Cui Yubei Huang Monique d.dorrius Mieneke Rook harry J.M.Groen Marjolein A.Heuvelmans Rozemarijn Vliegenthart Kexin Chen Xueqian Xie Shiyuan Liu Matthijs Oudkerk Zhaoxiang Ye department of Epidemiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Center for Medical Imaging-North East Netherlands University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer department of Radiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen department of Radiology Martini Hospital department of Pulmonary diseases University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Medisch Spectrum Twente Department of Pulmonology department of Radiology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine department of Radiology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital The Second Military Medical University Shanghai

Objective: European lung cancer screening studies using computed tomography(CT) have shown that a management protocol based on measuring lung nodule volume and volume doubling time(VdT) is more specific for early lung cancer detection than a diameter-based protocol. However, whether this also applies to a Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of a volume-based protocol with a diameter-based protocol for lung cancer detection and optimize the nodule management criteria for a Chinese ***: This study has a population-based, prospective cohort design and includes 4000 participants from the Hexi district of Tianjin, China. Participants will undergo low-dose chest CT at baseline and after 1 year. Initially, detected lung nodules will be evaluated for diameter and managed according to a routine diameter-based protocol(Clinical Practice Guideline in Oncology for Lung Cancer Screening, Version 2.2018). Subsequently, lung nodules will be evaluated for volume and management will be simulated according to a volume-based protocol and VdT(a European lung nodule management protocol). Participants will be followed up for 4 years to evaluate lung cancer incidence and mortality. The primary outcome is the diagnostic performance of the European volume-based protocol compared to diameter-based management regarding lung nodules detected using low-dose ***: The diagnostic performance of volume-and diameter-based management for lung nodules in a Chinese population will be estimated and ***: Through the study, we expect to improve the management of lung nodules and early detection of lung cancer in Chinese populations.

关键词： Lung cancer lung nodules screening computed tomography China

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百年前的中国

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2018年

作者： (美) 哈利·弗兰克

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Simultaneous dual-contrast three-dimensional imaging in live cells via optical diffraction tomography and fluorescence

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Photonics Research 2019年第9期7卷 1042-1050页

作者： CHEN LIU MICHAEL MALEK IVAN POON LANZHOU JIANG ARIF MSIddIQUEE COLIN JRSHEPPARd ANN ROBERTS harry QUINEY dOUGUO ZHANG XIAOCONG YUAN JIAO LIN CHRISTIAN dEPEURSINGE PIERRE MARQUET SHAN SHAN KOU Nanophotonics Research Centre Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science(LIMS)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia department of Optics and Optical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science andTechnology of ChinaHefei230026China department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science(LIMS)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Australian Research Council(ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingAustralia Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova16163Italy School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3001Australia Microvision and Microdiagnostic Group(SCI STI CHd) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University ofScience and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Joint International Research Unit in Neurodevelopment and Child Psychiatry CHUVDepartement de PsychiatrieLausanneSwitzerlandUniversiteLavalQuebecCanada Institut universitaire en santementale de Quebec QuebecCanada Centre d’optique photonique et laserDepartment of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceUniversiteLaval2375rue de la TerrasseQuebecQC G1V0A6Canada

We report a dual-contrast method of simultaneously measuring and visualizing the volumetric structural information in live biological samples in three-dimensional(3d) space. By introducing a direct way of deriving the 3d scattering potential of the object from the synthesized angular spectra, we obtain the quantitative subcellular morphology in refractive indices(RIs) side-by-side with its fluorescence signals. The additional contrast in RI complements the fluorescent signal, providing additional information of the targeted zones. The simultaneous dual-contrast 3d mechanism unveiled interesting information inaccessible with previous methods, as we demonstrated in the human immune cell(T cell) experiment. Further validation has been demonstrated using a Monte Carlo model.

关键词： Fourier red Carlo Monte image Simultaneous dual-contrast three-dimensional imaging in live cells via optical diffraction tomography and fluorescence

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二维冲箱式造波机的间隙和形状效应数值研究

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2020年第1期19卷 101-115页

作者： Amir H.Nikseresht harry B.Bingham department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kgs LyngbyDenmark department of Mechanical Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz 71555-13876Iran

The installation of plunger-type wave makers in experimental tanks will generally include a gap between the back of the wedge and the wall of the *** this study,we analyze the influence of this gap on the wave making performance of the plunger using two-dimensional(2 d)CFd calculations for a range of nearly linear wave conditions and compare the results with both experimental measurements and linear potential flow *** wedge-shaped profiles,all with the same submerged volume,are ***,the generated waves are compared with the predictions of linear potential flow *** calculations are made using the commercial ANSYS FLUENT finite-volume code with dynamic meshes to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and the volume of fluid scheme to capture the air-water ***,the linear potential flow solution of Wu(J Hydraul Res 26:481-493,1988)is extended to consider an arbitrary profile and serve as a reference *** amplitude ratios of the generated waves predicted by the CFd calculations compare well with the predictions of linear potential flow theory for a simple wedge,indicating that viscous effects do not influence this ratio for small-amplitude motions in 2 *** contrast,significant higher harmonic components are produced by larger amplitude ***,the simple wedge is found to produce the smallest spurious higher harmonic content in the far-field wave.

关键词： Wave maker Plunger-type Berkeley wedge Hyperbolic sine profile Gap dynamic mesh Volume of fluid

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职业指导的趋势

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教育与职业 1930年第3期 5-21页

作者： harry d.Kitson 陈选善

人是有可塑性的美国两千万学童中有三百万受职业指导工厂人事部主任是对工人负责不单是对厂主负责职业指导是专业美国大学设专科测验结果祇能消极的指出其智力的限制不能积极的指导他应选何种职业「职业梯」有调查的必要过去十年中职业... 详细信息

人是有可塑性的美国两千万学童中有三百万受职业指导工厂人事部主任是对工人负责不单是对厂主负责职业指导是专业美国大学设专科测验结果祇能消极的指出其智力的限制不能积极的指导他应选何种职业「职业梯」有调查的必要过去十年中职业指导最重要的发展,就是对于目标的观念的变迁。在初始时期中,这目标常常是:「为每一个人寻找一个最适当的职业」,「不要使他方圆凿枘」,「发现人们的特殊能力」等等。近数年来职业指导却有

关键词：一第工人工资劳动者指算智力分数地位所得佃人人事部脚脚大季青年公民科攀生中指

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Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Identifies a Prominent Gene Involved in the Production of Fatty Acid-derived Flavor Volatiles in Tomato

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Molecular Plant 2018年第9期11卷 1147-1165页

作者： Karolina Garbowicz Zhongyuan Liu Saleh Alseekh denise Tieman Mark Taylor Anastasiya Kuhalskaya Itai Ofner dani Zamir harry J. Klee Alisdair R. Fernie Yariv Brotman Max-Planck-lnstitute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm Germany Horticultural Sciences Plant Innovation Center University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology 4000 Plovdiv Bulgaria department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics Faculty of Agriculture Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot 7610001 Israel These authors contributed equally to this article

To gain insight into the genetic regulation of lipid metabolism in tomato, we conducted metabolic trait loci （mQTL） analysis following the lipidomic profiling of fruit pericarp and leaf tissue of the Solanum pennellii introgression lines （IL）. To enhance mapping resolution for selected fruit-specific mQTL, we profiled the lipids in a subset of independently derived S. pennellii backcross inbred lines, as well as in a nearsogenic sub-iL population. We identified a putative lecithin：cholesterol acyltransferase that controls the levels of several lipids, and two members of the class III lipase family, LIP1 and LIP2, that were associated with decreased levels of diacylglycerols （dAGs） and triacylglycerols （TAGs）. Lipases of this class cleave fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of acylglycerols. The released fatty acids serve as precursors of flavor volatiles. We show that LIP1 expression correlates with fatty acid-derived volatile levels. We further confirm the function of LIP1 in TAG and dAG breakdown and volatile synthesis using transgenic plants. Taken together, our study extensively characterized the genetic architecture of Upophilic compounds in tomato and demonstrated at molecular level that release of free fatty acids from the glycerol backbone can have a major impact on downstream volatile synthesis.

关键词： lipidomics lipids lipase volatile FA-VOC Z-4-decenal

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