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CRISPR/CasRx-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1093-1101页

作者： Le gao Lijun Xie Yanmin Xiao Xinge Cheng Ruosi Pu Ziheng Zhang Yu Liu Shaopei gao Zilong Zhang haoran Qu Haijian Zhi Kai Li MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL)National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education IntegrationState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Department of Horticulture Beijing Vocational College of AgricultureBeijing 102442China College of Agronomy&Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866LiaoningChina

Soybean mosaic virus(SMV),an RNA virus,is the most common and destructive pathogenic virus in soybean *** newly developed CRISPR/Cas immune system has provided a novel strategy for improving plant resistance to viruses;hence,this study aimed to engineer SMV resistance in soybean using this ***,multiple sgRNAs were designed to target positive-and/or negative-sense strands of the SMV HC-Pro ***,the corresponding CRISPR/CasRx vectors were constructed and transformed into *** inoculation with SMV,39.02%,35.77%,and 18.70%of T_(1)plants were confirmed to be highly resistant(HR),resistant(R),and mildly resistant(MR)to SMV,respectively,whereas only 6.50%were identified as susceptible(S).Additionally,qRT-PCR and DAS-ELISA showed that,both at 15 and 30 d post-inoculation(dpi),SMV accumulation significantly decreased or was even undetectable in HR and R plants,followed by MR and S ***,the expression level of the CasRx gene varied in almost all T_(1)plants with different resistance level,both at 15 and 30 ***,when SMV resistance was evaluated in the T_(2)generation,the results were similar to those recorded for the T_(1)*** findings provide new insights into the application of the CRISPR/CasRx system for soybean improvement and offer a promising alternative strategy for breeding for resistance to biotic stress that will contribute to the development of SMV-immune soybean germplasm to accelerate progress towards greater soybean crop productivity.

关键词： Soybean RNA virus Soybean mosaic virus Resistance CRISPR/CasRx

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Optimization of inter-seasonal nitrogen allocation increases yield and resource-use efficiency in a water-limited wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 907-914页

作者： Xiaonan Zhou Chenghang Du haoran Li Zhencai Sun Yifei Chen Zhiqiang gao Zhigan Zhao Yinghua Zhang Zhimin Wang Ying Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau Taigu 030801ShanxiChina

Winter wheat–summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain often experiences droughtinduced yield reduction in the wheat season and rainwater and nitrogen(N)fertilizer losses in the maize *** study aimed to identify an optimal interseasonal water-and N-management strategy to alleviate these *** ratios of allocation of 360 kg N ha^(-1)between the wheat and maize seasons under one-time presowing root-zone irrigation(W0)and additional jointing and anthesis irrigation(W2)in wheat and one irrigation after maize sowing were set as follows:N1(120:240),N2(180:180),N3(240:120)and N4(300:60).The results showed that under W0,the N3 treatment produced the highest annual yield,crop water productivity(WPC),and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN).Increased N allocation in wheat under W0 improved wheat yield without affecting maize yield,as surplus nitrate after wheat harvest was retained in the topsoil layers and available for the subsequent *** W2,annual yield was largest in the N2 *** risk of nitrate leaching increased in W2 when N application rate in wheat exceeded that of the N2 treatment,especially in the wet *** to W2N2,the W0N3 maintained 95.2%grain yield over two *** WPCwas higher in the W0 treatment than in the W2 ***,following limited total N rate,an appropriate fertilizer N transfer from maize to wheat season had the potential of a“triple win”for high annual yield,WPCand PFPN in a water-limited wheat–maize cropping system.

关键词： Cropping system Water-saving irrigation North China Plain Nitrogen optimization Sustainable intensification

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Blazed subwavelength grating coupler

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Photonics Research 2023年第2期11卷 189-195页

作者： RONGXIANG GUO SHUJIAO ZHANG haoran gao GANAPATHY SENTHIL MURUGAN TIEGEN LIU ZHENZHOU CHENG School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300072China Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Georgia Tech-Shenzhen Institute Tianjin UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry The University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan

Short-wavelength mid-infrared(2–2.5 μm wave band) silicon photonics has been a growing area to boost the applications of integrated optoelectronics in free-space optical communications, laser ranging, and biochemical sensing. In this spectral region, multi-project wafer foundry services developed for the telecommunication band are easily adaptable with the low intrinsic optical absorption from silicon and silicon dioxide materials. However,light coupling techniques at 2–2.5 μm wavelengths, namely, grating couplers, still suffer from low efficiencies,mainly due to the moderated directionality and poor diffraction-field tailoring capability. Here, we demonstrate a foundry-processed blazed subwavelength coupler for high-efficiency, wide-bandwidth, and large-tolerance light coupling. We subtly design multi-step-etched hybrid subwavelength grating structures to significantly improve directionality, as well as an apodized structure to tailor the coupling strength for improving the optical mode overlap and backreflection. Experimental results show that the grating coupler has a recorded coupling efficiency of-4.53 dB at a wavelength of 2336 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of ~107 nm. The study opens an avenue to developing state-of-the-art light coupling techniques for short-wavelength mid-infrared silicon photonics.

关键词： coupling directional grating

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Amorphous Iridium Oxide-Integrated Anode Electrodes with Ultrahigh Material Utilization for Hydrogen Production at Industrial Current Densities

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 225-239页

作者： Lei Ding Kui Li Weitian Wang Zhiqiang Xie Shule Yu haoran Yu David ACullen Alex Keane Kathy Ayers Christopher BCapuano Fangyuan Liu Pu-Xian gao Feng-Yuan Zhang Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Lab Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak RidgeTN 37831USA Nel Hydrogen WallingfordCT 06492USA Institute of Materials Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Herein,ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide(IrO_(x))thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells(PEMECs)via low-cost,environmentally friendly,and easily scalable electrodeposition at room *** with a Nafion 117 membrane,the IrO_(x)-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm^(-2)delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%,achieving more than 96%catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane(2 mg cm^(-2)).Additionally,the IrO_(x)electrode demonstrates superior performance,higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported ***,the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property,sufficient Ir^(3+)content,and rich surface hydroxide groups in ***,due to the high activity,high cell efficiency,an economical,greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process,and ultrahigh material utilization,the IrO_(x)electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution.

关键词： Ionomer-free Amorphous IrOx electrodes Ultrahigh material utilization Scalable electrodeposition Hydrogen production

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Insight into effects of egg- and soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine on non-alcoholic steatosis in mice and HepG2 cells by lipidomics

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Zhihui Yu Chunyou Liu Yating gao haoran Guo Huiling Duan Lixin Zhang Yisheng Chen College of Food Science and Engineering， Shanxi Agricultural University Institute of Food Nutrition and Safety， Shanxi Agricultural University Department of Food Science and Technology， Guangxi University of Science and Technology

Dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an ideal source of bioactive lipids showing efficacy to alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study， the lipidomic profiles of nonalcoholic steatosis in mice and HepG2 cells treated with PC isolated from eggs (EPC) and soybean (SPC) were evaluated. EPC and SPC could significantly ameliorate fatty liver disease by down-regulating triglyceride (TG) and diglyceride (DG) levels. Remarkably， EPC exhibited better performance in regulating the hepatic lipid profile leading to decreased PC and TG， ceramides， phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine levels. A total of 117 and 20 lipid biomarkers in liver and HepG2 cells involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism were screened out， respectively. The regulatory mechanism of EPC may be attributed to a decrease in the expression of ACACA and SREBP-1c. EPC， via suppressing lipogenic gene expression， which was superior to that of SPC in alleviating nonalcoholic steatosis. Overall， EPC and SPC attenuated HFD-induced NAFLD by improving the hepatic lipid profile. The more significant effect observed with EPC may be attributed to its modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism.

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肿瘤细胞代谢异常及其调控机制

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中国科学：生命科学 2017年第1期47卷 132-139页

作者：魏浩然高平中国科学技术大学生命科学学院合肥230027

肿瘤细胞的异常代谢已成为肿瘤研究领域的共识.肿瘤细胞代谢重编程的发生是为了维持在恶劣微环境中的存活和无限增殖.因此,肿瘤细胞异常的代谢通路、代谢调控蛋白及代谢酶可能是肿瘤治疗的关键靶点.本文旨在介绍近年来肿瘤代谢的研究进... 详细信息

肿瘤细胞的异常代谢已成为肿瘤研究领域的共识.肿瘤细胞代谢重编程的发生是为了维持在恶劣微环境中的存活和无限增殖.因此,肿瘤细胞异常的代谢通路、代谢调控蛋白及代谢酶可能是肿瘤治疗的关键靶点.本文旨在介绍近年来肿瘤代谢的研究进展及肿瘤代谢研究对癌症治疗的意义.

关键词：肿瘤代谢代谢酶 Warburg效应

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视觉显著性检测与金字塔变换相结合的图像融合

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计算机科学与探索 2015年第4期9卷 491-500页

作者：高浩然潘晨中国计量学院信息工程学院杭州310018

提出了一种利用人类视觉机制进行图像融合的算法。首先对源图像进行金字塔分解;接着对低频和高频分量采用不同的融合策略,低频分量依据最大显著性准则选择融合像素,高频分量利用相关性加权准则选择融合像素。初步融合后的低频和高频分... 详细信息

提出了一种利用人类视觉机制进行图像融合的算法。首先对源图像进行金字塔分解;接着对低频和高频分量采用不同的融合策略,低频分量依据最大显著性准则选择融合像素,高频分量利用相关性加权准则选择融合像素。初步融合后的低频和高频分量经金字塔重建获得最终融合结果。金字塔变换可提供多分辨率的图像表示,但不区分图像区域的重要性;而视觉显著性检测可定位图像最显著区域,但对噪声敏感;两算法的结合能取长补短,获得好的融合结果。实验表明,提出的方法优于已发表的其他基于金字塔变换的图像融合算法,适用于多聚焦图像、多波段图像和多光谱图像融合。

关键词：图像融合金字塔变换显著性检测

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耕地行政保护的功能检视、规范反思与正当性建构

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中国土地科学 2023年第6期37卷 20-29页

作者：李玲玲高浩然西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院陕西杨凌712100 陕西省农业法环境法研究中心陕西杨凌712100

研究目的:破解当下耕地行政保护“价值—规范”“需求—功能”的偏离问题,以实现耕地行政保护的正当性,为面向中国式现代化的耕地保护转型提供理论补足。研究方法:规范分析法,价值分析法。研究结果:一方面,在功能主义“需求—功能”视角... 详细信息

研究目的:破解当下耕地行政保护“价值—规范”“需求—功能”的偏离问题,以实现耕地行政保护的正当性,为面向中国式现代化的耕地保护转型提供理论补足。研究方法:规范分析法,价值分析法。研究结果:一方面,在功能主义“需求—功能”视角下,现有的《耕地保护法(草案)》等规范性文件无法满足耕地行政保护处罚、救济、公益等需求;另一方面,在规范主义“价值—规范”视角下,囿于整体性价值割裂、兼容性价值不足、防御性价值脆弱的局限,耕地行政保护价值基础缺失。研究结论:应当以“规范”为体,对耕地行政保护的价值基础在“功能为用”的导向下进行处罚、救济、公益等功能的拆解,以此具体实现《耕地保护法》主体构建、法规承继、责任细分的改造以及《土地管理法》等法规续造的规范协同,在协同后展开明确处罚范围、赋予耕地保护检察建议以强制力等保护措施,实现耕地行政保护的正当性建构。

关键词：耕地保护正当性价值拆解规范主义功能主义

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用于高风险环境安全监测和可调热管理的具有分层核壳结构的耐化学品纱线

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 217-225页

作者： Duo Xu Yingcun Liu Can Ge Chong gao Ze Chen Ziyi Su haoran Gong Weilin Xu Jian Fang College of Textile and Clothing Engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China

Chemical resistant textiles are vital for safeguarding humans against chemical hazards in various *** as industrialproduction,chemicalaccidents,laboratory activities,and road ***,the ideal integration of chemical resistance,thermal and moisture management,and wearer condition monitoring in conventional chemically protective textiles remains ***,the design,manufacturing,and use of stretchable hierarchical core-shell yarns(HCSYs)for integrated chemical resistance,moisture regulation,and smart sensing textiles are *** yarns con-tain helically elastic spandex,wrapped silver-plated nylon,and surface-structuredpolytetrafluo-roethylene(PTFE)yarns and are designed and manufactured based on a scalable fabrication *** addition to their ideal chemical resistance performance,HCSYs can function as multifunctional stretch-able electronics for real-time human motion monitoring and as the basic element of intelligent ***,a desirable dynamic thermoregulation function is achieved by exploiting the fabric structure with stretching *** HCSYs may provide prospective opportunities for the future development of smart protective textiles with high durability,flexibility,and scalability.

关键词： Hierarchical core-shell structure Chemical resistant yam Wearable strain sensor Thermoregulation

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TargetedFool:一种实现有目标攻击的算法

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西安电子科技大学学报 2021年第1期48卷 149-159页

作者：张华高浩然杨兴国李文敏高飞温巧燕北京邮电大学网络与交换技术国家重点实验室北京100876

随着人工智能技术的发展,深度神经网络广泛应用于人脸识别、语音识别、图片识别以及自动驾驶等领域。由于轻微的扰动就可以使深度神经网络出现错误分类,所以在有限的时间内实现特定的攻击效果是对抗攻击领域研究的重点之一。针对有目标... 详细信息

随着人工智能技术的发展,深度神经网络广泛应用于人脸识别、语音识别、图片识别以及自动驾驶等领域。由于轻微的扰动就可以使深度神经网络出现错误分类,所以在有限的时间内实现特定的攻击效果是对抗攻击领域研究的重点之一。针对有目标对抗攻击算法中产生扰动时间久和扰动易被人眼观察的问题,基于Deepfool提出了在典型的卷积神经网络上生成有目标的对抗样本的算法,即TargetedFool。大量的实验结果表明,TargetedFool可以对MNIST、CIFAR-10和ImageNet实现有目标的对抗攻击。在ImageNet上,TargetedFool可以在平均2.84 s的时间内达到99.8%的扰动率。此外,分析了基于DeepFool的攻击算法无法产生有目标的通用对抗性扰动的原因。

关键词：深度神经网络深度学习目标攻击对抗样本

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