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Geographic distribution of arsenic contamination in the Himalayan Rivers flowing through Pakistan: Implications for its natural source and effects of anthropogenic activities

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 543-555页

作者： Ishtiaque Hussain hafiz ur.rehman Takaaki Itai Junaid Ali Khattak Abida Farooqi Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Environmental Sciences University of Baltistan Skardu Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering Kagoshima University Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science (UG) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Department of Earth and Planetary Physics (UG) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Department of Earth and Planetary Science (GR) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo

Arsenic(As) in natural hydrological systems is known as a worldwide major environmental concern. A geochemical and sedimentological study was done to ascertain the origin and geographical distribution of As in surface water and fluvial sediment collected from the floodplains/basins of the River Indus and its four major tributaries that drain through the northern Pakistan. The hydrogeochemical compositions of all five rivers were similar with calcium(Ca2+) and bicarbonate(HCO3-) being the dominating ions. The concentration of As ranged from 0.62-24.05 μg/L(average 3.7 ± 3.5 μg/L, n = 61) in river water, 2.3-23.4 mg/kg(average 5.7 ± 3.9 mg/kg) in suspended sediment, and 2.0-13 mg/kg(average4.13 ± 2.3 mg/kg) in fluvial sediment. Various approaches were used, including mineralogical, sequential extraction, geochemical, and statistical analyses to investigate the distribution, behavior, and potential sources of As in the sediment. The effect of geological factors on the distribution of As was also *** noticeable changes in the relative abundance of minerals were observed in the sediment at different locations along the river. Both mineralogical and statistical analyses showed that silicate minerals like muscovite, biotite, and chloride are the main As reservoir while oxides minerals like hematite and magnetite, which are minor components in the sediment are second largest As carrier. A geochemical baseline, using the normalization and cumulative frequency distribution curves was constructed for *** estimated mean human contribution of As was 3.4% in the Indus River, 1.9% in the Jhelum River, 13.7%in the Chenab River, 17.5% in the Ravi River and 5.4% in the Sutlej River, indicating relatively higher effects of anthropogenic activity along the Chenab River and Ravi River. The almost negligible effects of anthropogenic activities were additionally confirmed through the pollution assessment parameters estimated from the geo-enrichment, contamination factors, and ac

关键词： Arsenic Indus basin Geochemical baseline Source Contamination assessment

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Einstein Hybrid Structure of q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Application for Diagnosis of Waterborne Infectious Disease

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1863-1892页

作者： Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain hafiz Khalil ur.rehman Imran Siddique HijazAhmad Sameh Askar Shahid Hussain Gurmani School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Department of Mathematics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Section of Mathematics International Telematic University UninettunoCorso Vittorio Emanuele IIRoma3900186Italy Near East University Operational Research Center in HealthcareNear East BoulevardNicosia/Mersin 1099138Turkey Department of Statistics and Operations Research College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityPO Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia

This research is devoted to diagnosing water-borne infectious diseases caused by floods employing a novel diagnosis approach,the Einstein hybrid structure of q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft *** approach integrates parts of fuzzy logic and soft set theory to develop a robust alternative for disease detection in stressful situations,especially in areas affected by *** to the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft set,the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set(q-ROFSS)adequately incorporates unclear and indeterminate *** major objective of this investigation is to formulate the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft Einstein hybrid weighted average(q-ROFSEHWA)operator and its specific ***,our stated operator is implementing intelligentmulti-criteria group decision-making(MCGDM)*** are severe natural catastrophes that raise the risk of diseases and epidemics,particularly those caused by contaminants in the water,such as gastrointestinal diseases,respiratory infections,vector-borne diseases,skin infections,and water-borne *** designed MCGDM strategy tackles the prevalence of certain conditions in flood-affected patients.A comparative investigation determined that the suggested method for detecting water-borne infectious disease due to floods is more effective and productive than conventional methods because of its logical structure.

关键词： q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set q-ROFSEHWA operator MCGDM environmental disaster water-born infection disease

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Evaluating the Potential of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin for *** UTIs: A Susceptibility Study

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第6期8卷 351-358页

作者： Usama Ahmed Muhammad Zubair Baqaur.rehman hafiz Muhammad Sultan Department of Medicine School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen 518060China Institute of Biological Sciences Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar KhanPakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RdIslamabad Capital Territory 45550Pakistan Crop Diseases Research Institute(CDRI) National Agricultural Research Centre NARCIslamabadPakistan

This study was designed to find the susceptibility of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** hundred(400)urine samples were collected for susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** indoor and outdoor patients'urinary samples yielded growth of ***-stream urine specimens were inoculated on blood agar and CLED agar and incubated at 35±2°*** was observed,and Escherichia coli was identified by Gram staining,Catalase,Motility test and API 20E(Bio murex)as per standard *** susceptibility testing of isolates for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was carried out by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines ATCC *** was used as a quality control strain.A total of 400 samples were tested susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** during this period.A total of 400 samples yielded the growth of ***,out of which 178(44.5%)were male and 222(55.5%)were female *** males,18(10%)were tolerant to nitrofurantoin,and 2(1.1%)were tolerant to *** females,9(4.09%)were susceptible to nitrofurantoin while 6(2.72%)were susceptible to *** age groups below 45 years old,6(4.76%)were tolerant to nitrofurantoin,and 2(1.58%)were sensitive to *** 46-66 years old,4(2.81%)were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,and 3(2.11%)were sensitive to *** 67-90 years old,17(12.87%)were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,and 4(3.03%)were tolerant to *** and nitrofurantoin showed good susceptibility in urinary isolates of *** and can be used empirically in our setup.

关键词： E.coli Fosfomycin Nitrofurantoin Susceptibility urinary isolates

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Trace element geochemistry and stable isotopic(δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N)records of the Paleocene coals,Salt Range,Punjab,Pakistan

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第3期32卷 551-561页

作者： Noshin Masood Tehseen Zafar Karen A.Hudson-Edwards hafiz U.rehman Abida Farooqi Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityPO 45320Pakistan Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Environment&Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterTR109EZUK Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering Kagoshima UniversityKagoshima 890-0065Japan

The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic *** this study,a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for elemental composition andδ^(13)C-δ^(15)N isotopic *** contents of trace elements such as Co,Cr,Cu,Pb,Sr,Th,U,V,and Zn are 7.4,41.7,11.2,12.5,90.2,4.0,1.9,128,and 31.1 mg/kg,*** values,when compared with the World Coal Clarke values,were relatively higher in low-rank coals in comparison with Clarke values for brown ***,As(20.4 mg/kg),Co(6.6 mg/kg),Cr(22.4 mg/kg),Cu(^(13).3 mg/kg),Pb(19.2 mg/kg),Sr(^(15)4.7 mg/kg),Th(2.5 mg/kg),V(47.8 mg/kg),and Zn(75.1 mg/kg)were significantly higher in the sub-bituminous to bituminous coals of the Salt *** analysis,based on X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,revealed that the studied samples contain illite,kaolinite calcite,gypsum,pyrite,and *** affinity with organic and inorganic phases of coals calculated by an indirect statistical approach indicated a positive association of ash content with Ag,Al,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Mn,P,Rb,Pb,Th,U,and V,suggesting the presence of inorganic components in studied ***,As,Fe,Sr,and Zn exhibit negative correlations that imply their association with the organic ***δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopic range and average−24.94‰to−25.86‰(−25.41‰)and−2.77‰to 3.22‰(0.96‰),respectively,reflecting 3C type modern terrestrial vegetation were common in the palaeomires of studied coal *** addition,the trivial variations of 0.92‰and 0.45‰among^(13)C and^(15)N values can be attributed to water level fluctuations and plant assemblies.

关键词： Coal Salt Range Pakistan Geochemistry Trace elements δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopes

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Tailoring the optical and magnetic properties of La-BaM hexaferrites by Ni substitution

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第2期31卷 570-575页

作者： hafiz T.Ali MRamzan M Imran Arshad Nicola A.Morley M.Hassan Abbas Mohammad Yusuf Atta ur.rehman Khalid Mahmood Adnan Ali Nasir Amin MAjaz-un-Nabi Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSir Robert Hadfield BuildingMapping St.SheffieldS13JDUK Department of Clinical Pharmacy College of PharmacyTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia

We investigate the impact of Ni insertion on the structural,optical,and magnetic properties of Ba_(0.8)La_(0.2)Fe_(12-x)Ni_(x)O_(19)hexaferrites(Ni substituted La-BaM hexaferrites).Samples were prepared using the conventional co-precipitation method and sintered at 1000℃for 4 hours to assist the crystallization *** analysis of the structure of the samples was carried out using an x-ray diffraction(XRD)*** M-type hexagonal structure of all the samples was confirmed using XRD *** lattice parameters a and c were found to be in the ranges of 5.8925±0.001 nm–5.8952±0.001 nm and 23.2123±0.001 nm–23.2219±0.001 nm,*** M-type hexagonal nature of the prepared samples was also indicated by the presence of corresponding FT-IR bands and Raman modes in the FT-IR and Raman spectra,*** results confirmed the successful synthesis of the samples according to the required stoichiometric ratio.A UV-vis spectrometer was used to record the absorption spectra of the prepared samples in the wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 *** optical energy bandgap of the samples was found to be in the range of 1.21 eV–3.39 *** M–H loops of the samples were measured at room temperature at an applied magnetic field range of 0 kOe–60 kOe.A high saturation magnetization of 99.92 emu/g was recorded in the sample with x=0 at a microwave operating frequency of 22.2 *** high value of saturation magnetization is due to the substitution of La3+ions at the spin-up(12k,2a,and 2b)*** Ni substitution is proven to be a potential candidate for the tuning of the optical and magnetic parameters of M-type ***,we suggest that the prepared samples are suitable for use in magneto-optic applications.

关键词： M-type hexaferrite nanostructured materials magnetic properties optical properties

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Role of foliar spray of plant growth regulators in improving photosynthetic pigments and metabolites in Plantago ovata (Psyllium) under salt stress–A field appraisal

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BIOCELL 2023年第3期47卷 523-532页

作者： ABDUL SAMAD KANVAL SHAUKAT MAHMOOD-ur.rehman ANSARI MEREEN NIZAR NOREEN ZAHRA AMBREEN NAZ hafiz MUHAMMAD WALEED IQBAL ALI RAZA VLADAN PESIC IVICA DJALOVIC Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta08770Pakistan Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Botany University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Food Science and Technology Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureMultan66000Pakistan Department of Agronomy Muhammad Nawaz ShareefUniversity of AgricultureMultan66000Pakistan College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade11000Serbia Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops National Institute of the Republic of SerbiaMaxim Gorki 30Novi Sad21000Serbia

Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth and productivity of *** application of plant growth regulators(PGRs)may help plants ameliorate the negative impacts of ***,a field experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden University of Balochistan,Quetta,to explore the potential role of PGRs,i.e.,moringa leaf extract(MLE;10%),proline(PRO;1μM),salicylic acid(SA;250μM),and thiourea(TU;10 mM)in ameliorating the impacts of salinity(120 mM)on Plantago ovata,an important medicinal *** hampered plant photosynthetic pigments and metabolites but elevated oxidative ***,foliar application of PGRs enhanced photosynthetic pigments,including Chl b(21.11%),carotenoids(57.87%)except Chl a,activated the defense mechanisms by restoring and enhancing the metabolites,i.e.,soluble sugars(49.68%),soluble phenolics(33.34%),and proline(31.47%),significantly under salinity ***,foliar supplementation of PGRs under salt stress led to a decrease of about 43.02%and 43.27%in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content,***,PGRs can be recommended for improved photosynthetic efficiency and metabolite content that can help to get better yield under salt stress,with the best and most effective treatments being those of PRO and MLE to predominately ameliorate the harsh impacts of salinity.

关键词： Abiotic stress Proline Photosynthetic pigments Thiourea Salinity Salicylic acid

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基于零次学习的半监督BERTopic模型研究——以移动电子商务应用程序中的用户投诉为例

基于零次学习的半监督BERTopic模型研究——以移动电子商务应用程...

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作者： hafiz SAIF ur.rehman 西南财经大学

学位级别：硕士

电子商务是一个在世界各地被广泛利用的平台。到2023年,全世界的电子商务收入额将达到4.11万亿美元。这项研究旨在确定用户在使用移动电子商务应用程序时面临的共同问题。为了实现这一目标,通过使用Similar Web和Google Play Store统计... 详细信息

电子商务是一个在世界各地被广泛利用的平台。到2023年,全世界的电子商务收入额将达到4.11万亿美元。这项研究旨在确定用户在使用移动电子商务应用程序时面临的共同问题。为了实现这一目标,通过使用Similar Web和Google Play Store统计等工具刮取11个电子商务B2B和B2C应用程序,收集了857616条用户反馈数据。所选的应用来自Google Play Store,Alibaba、Aliexpress、Amazon、e Bay、Etsy、Wish、SHEIN、Shopee、Flipkart、Fetch Rewards和DHgate,来自全球不同地区。然后对收集到的给出一星和二星评价的用户数据进行分析和可视化,以确定用户投诉的模式和趋势。研究方法涉及五个步骤,包括数据收集、语言检测、翻译、标签管理,以及使用半监督的BERTopic主题建模与零点学习进行分类。这种方法确定了用户在使用这些移动电子商务应用时面临的3个宏观类别和38个微观类别的问题。研究发现,用户面临的最常见的宏观类问题与"APP Functional Issues"有关,占总投诉量的56%。这类问题包括崩溃、缓慢的加载时间和使用应用程序时的错误。第二大类问题是"Customer Service Issues",占用户投诉的37.68%。这类问题包括对糟糕的客户服务、延迟回应和无助的支持的投诉。第三类也是最后一类问题是"Scam and Frauds Issues",占评论的8.70%,包含对这些电子商务应用的欺诈活动的投诉。在所有研究的应用程序中发现的微观类问题显示,用户的主要关注点是"bad user interface",其投诉数量最高。这个类别包括关于混乱的导航、糟糕的布局和难以找到物品的投诉。微观类的其他突出问题包括"customer service"和"update issues"。通过对用户评论进行彻底的主题分析,研究人员提供了克服这些问题的建议。这些建议旨在改善整体用户体验,提高客户满意度,确保高比例的忠诚客户,吸引新客户,并最终提高销售额。总的来说,这项研究的结果强调了在开发和改进电子商务应用程序时考虑用户反馈和关注的重要性。通过实施本研究提供的建议,电子商务公司可以改善用户体验,提高客户忠诚度,最终导致这个行业的发展。然而,需要注意的是,本研究有一些局限性,必须考虑对其有效性的威胁。尽管如此,本研究的结果对移动电子商务应用的用户所面临的问题提供了宝贵的见解。

关键词：电子商务应用评论零样本文本分类自然语言推理 BERTopic建模

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Genome-wide identification and spatiotemporal expression profiling of zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein family genes

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 663-674页

作者： Imtiaz Ul Hassan hafiz Mamoon rehman Ziran Liu Liangji Zhou Muhammad Kaleem Samma Chengdong Wang Zixin Rong Xufeng Qi Dongqing Cai Hui Zhao Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of EducationSchool of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology(CABB) University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention QingdaoShandong 266034China Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Department of Developmental&Regenerative BiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511436China Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Gene Technology School of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health(CBH)KTH Royal Institute of Technology10691 StockholmSweden Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong(KIZ-CUHK)Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases Hong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The biological function of the novel zinc-finger SWIM domain-containing protein family(ZSWIM)during embryonic development remains ***,we conducted a genome-wide analysis to explore the evolutionary processes of the ZSWIM gene family members in mice,Xenopus tropicalis,zebrafish,and *** identified nine putative ZSWIM genes in the human and mouse genome,eight in the Xenopus genome,and five in the zebrafish *** on multiple sequence alignment,three members,ZSWIM5,ZSWIM6,and ZSWIM8,demonstrated the highest homology across all four *** available RNA sequencing(RNAseq)data,ZSWIM genes were found to be widely expressed across different tissues,with distinct tissuespecific *** identify the functions of the ZSWIM protein family during embryogenesis,we examined temporal and spatial expression patterns of zswim family genes in Xenopus *** real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)revealed that each member had a distinct expression ***-mount in situ hybridization showed that both zswim1 and zswim3 were maternally expressed genes;zswim5 and zswim6were expressed throughout embryogenesis and displayed dynamic expression in the brain,eyes,somite,and bronchial arch at the late tailbud stages;zswim7 was detected in the eye area;zswim8 showed a dynamic expression pattern during the tailbud stages,with expression detected in the brain,eyes,and somite;zswim9 was faintly expressed throughout embryonic *** study provides a foundation for future research to delineate the functions of ZSWIM gene members.

关键词： ZSWIM gene family Xenopus Gene expression Phylogenetic analysis Bioinformatics

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Facile Synthesis and Crystal Structures of New Ammonium Sulfonates(CA-DNBS and TEA-TMBS)

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2013年第10期32卷 1465-1474页

作者： KHAN Islam Ullah ARSHAD Muhammad Nadeem SAHIN Onur MUBASHAR-ur.rehman hafiz MUNIR Ayesha HUMAYUN Saba ASIRI Abdullah M Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry GC UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research(CEAMR) King Abdulaziz University P.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University P.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center Sinop University57010 SinopTurkey

The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 768, Rint = 0.033 and S = 1.03 for I, and in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6227（1）, b = 16.1480（4）, c = 23.8774（6）/, V= 3324.67（12） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1312, Rint = 0.024 and S = 1.04 for II. We have devised a convenient procedure for the synthesis of fused organic salts resulting from 1：1 proton-transfer, using an amine and a derivative ofbenzenesulfonic acid. The synthesized salts have a number of applications ranging from their consumption as eco-friendly solvents and catalysts in organic syntheses, to being used as efficient precursors for the production of sulfa drugs. Structures of compounds 3-chloroanilinium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate （CA-DNBS） and triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （TEA-TMBS） were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy.

关键词： crystal structure ammonium sulfonates 3-chloroanilinium2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate ionic liquids

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Morpho-Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Adaptation of Millets to Abiotic Stresses:A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第5期90卷 1363-1385页

作者： Seerat Saleem Naveed Ul Mushtaq Wasifa hafiz Shah Aadil Rasool Khalid rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul rehman Department of Bioresources School of Biological SciencesUniversity of KashmirSrinagar190006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,cold,nutrient deficiency,excess salt and hazardous metals can hamper plantgrowth and *** agriculture of only a few major staple food crops that are sensitive and intolerant to environmental stresses has led to an agrarian *** the other hand,nutritionally rich,gluten free and stress tolerant plants like millets are neglected and *** sustain about one-third of the world’s population and show exceptional tolerance to various abiotic and biotic *** are C4 plants that are adapted to marginal and dry lands of arid and semi-arid regions,and survive low rainfall and poor *** stresses significantly affect plant growth which ultimately results in reduced crop ***,various adaptation mechanisms have evolved in millets to withstand different *** review aims at exploring various of these morphophysiological,biochemical and molecular aspects of mechanisms in *** adaptations include short life span,smallplant height and leaf area,dense root system,adjusted flowering time,increased root and decreased shoot lengths,high tillering,and leaf folding.A high accumulation of various osmoprotectants(proline,soluble sugars,proteins)improves hyperosmolarity and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes(e.g.,Ascorbate peroxidase,Superoxide dismutase,Catalase,Peroxidase)providing defense against oxidative ***,plants show low photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates,and root respiration which help them to escape from water *** adaptations include the upregulation of stress-related transcriptional factors,signalling genes,ion transporters,secondary metabolite pathways,receptor kinases,phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidative *** of genetic resources hampers improvement of ***,several identified and characterized genes for stress tolerance can be exploited for further development of millet resil

关键词： Millets adaptation abiotic stress osmoprotectants antioxidants transcriptomics

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