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Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO_2 coating on solid surfaces

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 745-750页

作者： LIU Li-fen John Barford YEUNG King Lun SI grace School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Department of Chemical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Road Kowloon HK SAR

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.

关键词： staining germicidal activity TiO2 coating

Transient elastography: Kill two birds with one stone?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第5期5卷 264-274页

作者： grace Lai-Hung Wong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

Assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis is crucial in chronic liver diseases in order to determine the prognosis, the need of treatment, as well as monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Liver biopsy is limited by its invasiveness and patient acceptability. Transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan ) is a non-invasive tool with satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility to estimate liver fibrosis and steatosis. TE has been well validated in major liver diseases including chronic hepatitis B and C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. As alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is one of the major confounding factors of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis B, an ALT-based algorithm has been developed and higher liver stiffness measurements (LSM) cutoff values for different stages of liver fibrosis should be used in patients with elevated ALT levels up to 5 times of the upper limit of normal. Otherwise falsely-high LSM results up to cirrhotic range may occur during ALT flare. TE is also useful in predicting patient prognosis such as development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), portal hypertension, post-operative complications in HCC patients, and also survival. Unfortunately, failed acquisition of TE is common in obese patients. Furthermore,obese patients may have higher LSM results even in the same stage of liver fibrosis. The new XL probe, a larger probe with lower ultrasound frequency and deeper penetration, increases the success rate of TE in obese patients. The median LSM value with XL probe was found to be lower than that by the conventional M probe, hence cutoff values approximately 1.2 to 1.3 kPa lower than those of M probe should be adopted. Recent studies revealed a novel ultrasonic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) of the machine is a useful parameter to detect even low-grade steatosis noninvasively. CAP may also be used to quantify liver steatosis by applying d

关键词： Biopsy Cirrhosis Fibrosis Hepatitis Fatty liver Steatosis of liver

WJG 20^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(1): Hepatocellular carcinoma Risk prediction of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of antiviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第39期19卷 6515-6522页

作者： grace Lai-Hung Wong Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health problem in AsianPacific *** therapy reduces,but does not eliminate the risk of *** would be a heavy financial burden in most low and middle economic countries if all CHB patients received antiviral therapy and HCC ***,there is a need for accurate risk prediction to assist prognostication,decisions on the need for antiviral therapy and HCC surveillance.A few wellestablished risk factors for HCC,namely advanced age,male gender,high viral load,cirrhosis etc.,are the core components of three HCC risk scores:CU-HCC,GAGHCC and REACH-B *** 3 scores were confirmed to be accurate in predicting HCC up to 10 years in treatment-na ve *** validity and applicability have recently been demonstrated in a large cohort of entecavir treatment patients.A decrease in risk scores after antiviral therapy translates to a lower risk of *** findings support the application of HCC risk scores in all CHB *** levels of care and different intensities of HCC surveillance should be offered according to the risk profile of *** at risk of HCC should undergo regular HCC surveillance,even when they are receiving antiviral treatment.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Cirrhosis Hepatitis B virus DNA Hepatocellular carcinoma Risk prediction score Transient elastography

Imaging findings of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumors of the liver:Two case reports and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第45期25卷 6693-6703页

作者： Hai-Lan Li Hua-Ping Liu grace Wen-Jun Guo Zhi-hong Chen Fu-Qing Zhou Peng Liu Jian-Bin Liu Ren Wan Zhi-Qun Mao Department of Radiology Hunan Provincial People's Hospital(the First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Changsha 410005Hunan ProvinceChin Department of Radiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410013Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Nemours Alfred I.duPont Hospital for ChildrenWilmingtonDE 19803United States Department of Pathology Hunan Provincial People's Hospital(the First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Changsha 410005Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Hunan Provincial People's Hospital(the First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Changsha 410005Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell(IPT-like FDC)tumors of the liver is an uncommon tumor with extremely low *** date,the radiologic findings of this tumor in multiphase computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)imaging have not been *** SUMMARY Patient 1 is a 31-year-old Chinese female,whose complaining incidentally coincided with the finding of multiple liver *** the local hospital,an abdominal enhanced CT found two hypo-dense solid lesions,with heterogeneous sustained hypoenhancement,in the upper segment of the liver’s right posterior *** our hospital,enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with hepatocyte-specific contrast agents showed a similar enhanced pattern of lesions with patchy hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase(HBP).The patient underwent surgery and recovered *** final pathology confirmed an IPTlike FDC *** recurrence was found on the regular *** 2 is a 48-year-old Chinese male admitted to our hospital for a huge unexpected hepatic lesion.A dynamic enhanced abdominal CT revealed a huge heterogeneous enhanced solid tumor in the right lobe of the liver with a size of 100 mm×80 mm,which showed a heterogeneous sustained *** addition,enlarged lymph nodes were found in the hilum of the *** patient underwent a hepatic lobectomy and lymph node *** final pathology confirmed an IPT-like FDC *** recurrence was found upon regular *** When a hepatic tumor shows heterogeneous sustained hypoenhancement with a patchy enhancement during HBP,an IPT-like FDC tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor Liver

Impact of antiviral therapy on post-hepatectomy outcome for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6006-6012页

作者： Charing Ching Ning Chong grace Lai Hung Wong Paul Bo San Lai Division of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital the Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital the Chinese University of Hong Kong

The outcome after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains unsatisfactory due to the high recurrence rate after *** patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC,which is the majority of patients with HCC in Asia,a high viral load is a strong risk factor for HCC *** is logical to believe that antiviral therapy may improve the postoperative outcome by promoting viral clearance and hepatocyte regeneration,as well as improving residual liver volume in HCC patients with hepatitis ***,the effect of antiviral therapy on clinical outcomes after liver resection in patients with HBV-related HCC remains to be *** are two main groups of antiviral treatment for HBV-oral nucleos(t)ide analogues and *** treatment reduces the overall incidence of HBV-related HCC in sustained ***,side effects may limit its long-term clinical ***(t)ide analogues carry fewer side effects and are potent in terms of viral suppression when compared to interferon and are typically implemented for patients with more advanced liver *** may also improve the outcome after curative resection for HBV-related *** are increasing evidence to suggest that antiviral therapy could suppress HBV,decrease the perioperative reactivation of viral replication,reduce liver injury,preserve the liver function before and after operation,and may lower the risk of HCC *** all,antiviral therapy may improve the survival after liver resection by reducing recurrence and delaying the liver damage by the virus,resulting in a higher chance of receiving aggressive salvage therapy during HCC recurrence.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Hepatitis B infection Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatectomy Liver resection Outcome

Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic(Dysfunction)-associated Fatty Liver Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第6期9卷 972-982页

作者： Huapeng Lin Xinrong Zhang Guanlin Li grace Lai-Hung Wong Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive diseaseand Medical Data Analytics CentreThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is currently the most common chronic liver disease and affects at least a quarter of the global adult *** has rapidly become one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in Western *** this review,we discuss the nomenclature and definition of MAFLD as well as its prevalence and incidence in different geographical *** cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in MAFLD patients,the proportion of patients dying from hepatic complications increases sharply as the disease progresses to advanced liver fibrosis and *** addition,patients with MAFLD are at increased risk of various extrahepatic *** a causal relationship between MAFLD and extrahepatic cancers has not been established,clinicians should recognize the association and consider cancer screening(e.g.,for colorectal cancer)as appropriate.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Obesity Prevalence Incidence Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis

Stopping nucleos(t)ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B-Who and when?

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Liver Research 2017年第2期1卷 135-139页

作者： Suzette grace R.Kho-Herman Henry Lik-Yuen Chan Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Makati Medical Center MakatiPhilippines

Nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)are one of the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB)*** are highly efficient in suppressing viral replication but are associated with a low rate of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)seroclearance and a high risk of post-treatment virologic *** a result,the optimal timing of NA cessation remains unclear,and long-term treatment is often *** international guidelines suggest that NA can be discontinued in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive patients who achieve HBeAg seroconversion with undetectable hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA levels,the recommendations for discontinuing NA treatment in HBeAg-negative patients remain ***,there is no consensus regarding in whom and when to restart treatment among patients with hepatitis relapse after stopping NA *** studies suggest that virologic markers such as HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg)titers may be useful to guide when to stop NAs in CHB,since both markers appear to correlate with intrahepatic covalently closed circular HBV DNA ***,additional studies are required to refine their use.

关键词： Hepatitis B Entecavir Tenofovir Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) Hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg) Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)

Effect of Scutellariae Radix extract on experimental dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5605-5611页

作者： Ho-Lam Chung grace Gar-Lee Yue Ka-Fai To Ya-Lun Su Yu Huang Wing-Hung Ko Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China Institute of Chinese Medicine The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong Kong China Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy ofMedical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050 China Department of Physiology and LiKa Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine TheChinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China

AIM： To investigate the effect of Scutellariae Radix extract （SRE） on ulcerative colitis （UC） in rats induced by dextran-sulfate sodium （DSS）. METHODS： Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats （170-180 g） by 4% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS, wt/v, MW 54000） in drinking water for 8 d. The treated rats received 4% DSS and SRE orally （100 mg/kg per day）. Control rats received either tap water or SRE only. Macroscopic assessment which included body weight changes, fecal occult blood and stool consistency were determined daily. At the appointed time, the rats were sacrificed and the entire colons were removed. The colon length and the myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity were measured. The severity of colitis was graded by morphological and histological assessments. The ion transport activity of the colonic mucosa was assessed by electrophysiological technique. RESULTS： Rats treated with oral administration of 4% DSS regularly developed clinical and macroscopic signs of colitis. Treatment with SRE relieved the symptoms, including the reduction in body weight, shortening 2nd ulceration of the colon. Administration of SRE also significantly reduced the histological damage induced by DSS. Moreover, the Isc responses of the colonic mucosa to forskolin, were suppressed after the induction of colitis. The stimulated ion transport activity of DSS-rats treated with SRE displayed significant improvement in the secretory responsiveness. CONCLUSION： SRE was effective in treating acute DSS- induced ulcerative colitis, as gauged by reduced clinical disease, improved macroscopic and histological damage scores, and enhanced recovery of normal colonic secretory function.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Scutellariae Radix Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic ion transport Traditional Chinese medicine

Update of liver fibrosis and steatosis with transient elastography (Fibroscan)

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Gastroenterology Report 2013年第1期1卷 19-26页

作者： grace Lai-Hung Wong Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Background:Assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis is now almost indispensable in most of the chronic liver diseases in order to determine prognosis and need for treatment,and to monitor disease progression and response to *** biopsy is limited by its invasiveness and patient *** elastography(TE;Fibroscan)is a non-invasive tool with satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility to estimate liver ***&Methods:To review the existing evidence concerning the clinical applications of TE in major liver diseases,including chronic hepatitis B and-C,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),alcoholic liver disease,primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing ***:As alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is one of the major confounding factors of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis B,an ALT-based algorithm has been developed and higher liver stiffness measurements(LSM)cut-off values for different stages of liver fibrosis should be used in patients with elevated ALT levels up to five times the upper limit of ***,falsely-high LSM results up to the cirrhotic range may occur during ALT *** is also useful predicting patient prognosis in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),portal hypertension,postoperative complications in HCC patients and ***,failed acquisition of TE is common in obese ***,obese patients may have higher LSM results,even in the same stage of liver *** better evaluate NAFLD a new XL probe,with a larger probe with lower ultrasound frequency and deeper penetration,increases the success rate of TE in obese *** median LSM value with the XL probe was found to be lower than that by the conventional M probe,hence cut-off values were approximately 1.2 to 1.3 kilopascals lower than those of the M probe,suggesting its *** reveal that a novel ultrasonic controlled attenuation parameter is potentially useful to detect and quantify

关键词： cirrhosis hepatitis fatty liver histology liver biopsy liver stiffness measurement