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Ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris in the Mu Us Sandy Land,China

Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 14-28页

作者： NAN Weige dong Zhibao ZhOU Zhengchao LI Qiang ChEN Guoxiang School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shaanbei Mining Area Yulin UniversityYulin 719000China College of Prataculture Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Vegetation restoration through artificial plantation is an effective method to combat desertification,especially in arid and semi-arid *** study aimed to explore the ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris on soil physical and chemical properties on the southeastern fringe of the Mu Us Sandy Land,*** collected soil samples from five depth layers(0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,and 80-100 cm)in the *** plantation plots across four plantation ages(4,7,10,and 16 years)in November 2019,and assessed soil physical(soil bulk density,soil porosity,and soil particle size)and chemical(soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),cation-exchange capacity(CEC),salinity,p h,and C/N ratio)*** results indicated that the soil predominantly consisted of sand particles(94.27%-99.67%),with the remainder being silt and *** plantation age increased,silt and very fine sand contents progressively *** 16 years of planting,there was a marked reduction in the mean soil particle *** initial soil fertility was low and declined from 4 to 10 years of planting before witnessing an *** positive correlations were observed for the clay,silt,and very fine sand(mean diameter of 0.000-0.100 mm)with SOC,AK,and p *** contrast,fine sand and medium sand(mean diameter of 0.100-0.500 mm)showed significant negative correlations with these *** findings ascertain that the plantation of *** requires 10 years to effectively act as a windbreak and contribute to sand fixation,and needs 16 years to improve soil physical and chemical ***,these improvements were found to be highly beneficial for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid *** research can offer valuable insights for the protection and restoration of the vegetation ecosystem in the sandy lands in China.

关键词： Sabina vulgaris plantation age soil physical and chemical properties soil particle size soil fertility vegetation restoration Mu Us Sandy Land

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Overexpression of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene MdIAA24 enhances Glomerella leaf spot resistance in apple(Malus domestica)

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horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 15-24页

作者： Qian Wang dong huang Wenyan Tu Fengwang Ma Changhai Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains *** this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less h_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple ***,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with *** Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related *** overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected *** results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes *** jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.

关键词： Apple MdIAA24 Glomerella leaf spot(GLS) Antioxidant capacity Auxin Salicylic acid Jasmonic acid

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Review on inorganic and polymeric materials-coordinated metal-organic-framework photocatalysts for green hydrogen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 322-356页

作者： dong-Eun Lee Mohtaram Danish Umair Alam Wan-Kuen Jo School of Architecture CivilEnvironmental and Energy Engineering Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541Republic of Korea

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)possess a distinct advantage over conventional heterogeneous photocatalysts because of their carefully defined architecture and particular pores,which facilitate the targeted incorporation of other efficient cocatalysts or semiconductor *** integration of MOFs with other materials has resulted in significant breakthroughs,as the coupled materials improve the performance due to the combined *** unique MOF structures allow them to host foreign materials,which results in harvesting the visible region of the solar spectrum and effectively mitigating charge recombination by promoting charge *** review presents an evaluation of the latest developments in the utilization of surface and/or pore chemistry of MOF-supported heterojunctions for photocatalytic green-hydrogen generation with a basic understanding of the mechanism *** review begins with the basic principles of photocatalysis,the significance of MOFs,their optical properties,the methods used for synthesizing MOFs,and their coordination with other inorganic and polymeric ***,methods to increase photocatalytic h2 evolution using MOF-supported heterojunction have been proposed as standard ***,to address environmental challenges,we highlight the future potential of MOF-supported heterojunctions for use in green-energy *** hope that this review provides guidance to researchers in the development of effective heterojunctions based on MOFs to address challenges in energy applications and catalytic processes.

关键词： Renewable energy Environmental challenge heterojunction Water splitting Photocatalysis

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A typhoon-induced storm surge numerical model with GPU acceleration based on an unstructured spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellation grid

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第3期43卷 40-47页

作者： Yuanyong Gao Fujiang Yu Cifu Fu Jianxi dong Qiuxing Liu National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Marine hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

Storm surge is often the marine disaster that poses the greatest threat to life and property in coastal *** and timely issuance of storm surge warnings to take appropriate countermeasures is an important means to reduce storm surge-related *** surge numerical models are important for storm surge *** further improve the performance of the storm surge forecast models,we developed a numerical storm surge forecast model based on an unstructured spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellation(SCVT)*** model is based on shallow water equations in vector-invariant form,and is discretized by Arakawa C *** SCVT grid can not only better describe the coastline information but also avoid rigid transitions,and it has a better global consistency by generating high-resolution grids in the key areas through transition *** addition,the simulation speed of the model is accelerated by using the openACC-based GPU acceleration technology to meet the timeliness requirements of operational ensemble *** only takes 37 s to simulate a day in the coastal waters of *** newly developed storm surge model was applied to simulate typhoon-induced storm surges in the coastal waters of *** hindcast experiments on the selected representative typhoon-induced storm surge processes indicate that the model can reasonably simulate the distribution characteristics of storm *** simulated maximum storm surges and their occurrence times are consistent with the observed data at the representative tide gauge stations,and the mean absolute errors are 3.5 cm and 0.6 h respectively,showing high accuracy and application prospects.

关键词： typhoon-induced storm surge numerical model GPU acceleration unstructured grid spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellation(SCVT)

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Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable,untethered,and multimorphic soft robots

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 407-416页

作者： Soo Young Cho dong hae ho Sae Byeok Jo Jeong ho Cho Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States of America School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single *** robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these advances,through the design of a facile four-dimensional(4D)FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed ***,we present a simple binder jetting approach for the 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introducing rationally designed graded multiphase feeder *** graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable hygroscopic deformation without complex mechanical ***,a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and untethered soft robot with stark stimulus *** biodegradability of the proposed 4D-printed soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach,with immediate degradation rates of 96.6%within 72 *** proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics.

关键词： intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing multi-material four-dimensional printing untethered soft robot multi-stimuli-responsive soft robot biodegradable soft robotics

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Tailoring Nh4+ storage by regulating oxygen defect in ammonium vanadate

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第7期9卷 1171-1182页

作者： Yanyan Liu Ziyi Feng hanmei Jiang Xueying dong Changgong Meng Yifu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Dalian University

Defect engineering is an effective strategy for modifying the energy storage materials to improve their electrochemical ***, the impact of oxygen defect and its content on the electrochemical performances in the burgeoning aqueous Nh+4storage field remains explored. Therefore, for the first time in this work, an oxygen-defective ammonium vanadate [（Nh4）2V10O25·8h2O, denoted as Od-NhVO] with a novel 3D porous flower-like architecture was achieved via the reduction of thiourea in a mild reaction condition, which is a facile method that can realize the intention to regulate the oxygen defect content, with the capability of mass-production. The as-prepared OdM-NhVO with moderate oxygen defect content can deliver a stable specific capacitance output(505 F g-1, 252 mAh g-1at 0.5 A g-1with ～80% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles), which benefits from extra active sites, unimpeded Nh+4-migration path and relatively high structure integrity. In contrast, low oxygen defect content will lead to the torpid electrochemical reaction kinetics while too high content of it will reduce the chargestorage capability and induce structural disintegration. The superior Nh+4-storage behavior is achieved with the reversible intercalation/deintercalation process of Nh+4accompanied by forming/breaking of hydrogen bond. As expected, the assembled flexible OdM-NhVO//PTCDI quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor（FQSS hSC） also exhibits high areal capacitance, energy density and reliable flexibility. This work provides a new avenue for developing materials with oxygen-deficient structure for application in various aqueous non-metal cation storage systems.

关键词： Ammonium vanadate Oxygen defect Ammonium-ion storage hybrid supercapacitors Electrochemical performance

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Combined effects of sea urchin-like structure and mixed Cu^(+)/Cu^(0)states on promoting C_(2)formation in electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 63-73页

作者： Mengqing Shan dongsheng Lu Jiatong dong Shen Yan Jinyu han hua Wang Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300354China

Surface engineering and Cu valence regulation are essential factors in improving the C_(2)selectivity during the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).herein,we present a sea urchin-like CuO/Cu_(2)O catalyst derived from rhombic dodecahedra Cu_(2)O through one-step oxidation/etching method where the mixed Cu^(+)/Cu^(0)states are formed via in situ reduction during *** combined effects of the morphology and the mixed Cu^(+)/Cu^(0)states on C–C coupling are evaluated by the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)and the C_(2)/C1 ratio obtained in an h-cell.R-Cu^(O)/Cu_(2)O exhibited 49.5%Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)with a C_(2)/C1 ratio of 3.1 at−1.4 V *** hydrogen electrode,which are 1.5 and 3.2 times higher than those of R-Cu_(2)O,*** a flow-cell,68.0%Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)is achieved at a current density of 500 mA·cm^(−2).The formation of the mixed Cu^(+)/Cu^(0)states was confirmed by in situ Raman ***,the sea urchin-like structure provides more active sites and enables faster electron *** a result,the excellent C_(2)production on R-CuO/Cu_(2)O is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of the sea urchin-like structure and the stable mixed Cu^(+)/Cu^(0)***,this work presents an integrated strategy for developing Cu-based electrocatalysts for C_(2)production through electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： CO_(2)electrolysis sea urchin-like structure Cu^(+)/Cu^(0) C_(2)products

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Deep decalcification of factory-provided freezing acidolysis solution to achieveα-high-strength gypsum

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 143-151页

作者： Wencai Ye Yulu Li Yonggang dong Lin Yang Yun Yi Jianxin Cao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Green Chemical Industry and Clean Energy Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

The freezing acidolysis solution of the nitric acid-phosphate fertilizer process has a high calcium content,which makes it difficult to produce fine phosphate and high water-soluble phosphate fertilizer ***,based on the potential crystallization principle of calcium sulfate in Nh_(4)NO_(3)-h_(3)PO_(4)-h_(2)O,the deep decalcification(*** removal)technology to achieveα-high-strength gypsum originated from freezing acidolysis-solutions has been firstly proposed and ***,calcium can be removed from the factory-provided freezing acidolysis-solution by neutralizing it with ammonia,followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate *** a result,the formation of calcium sulfate in the reaction system undergoes the nucleation and growth of CaSO_(4)·2h_(2)O(Dh),as well as its dissolution and crystallization into short columnarα-CaSO_(4)·0.5h_(2)O(α-hh).Remarkably,with the molar ratio of SO_(4)^(2-)/Ca^(2+)at 1.8,the degree of neutralization(Nh_(3)/hNO_(3) molar ratio)at 1.7,the reaction temperature of 94℃,and the reaction time of 300 min,the decalcification rate can reach 86.89%,of which the high-strengthα-CaSO_(4)·0.5h_(2)O(α-hh)will be ***,the deep decalcification product meets the standards for the production of fine phosphates and highly water-soluble phosphate ***,the 2 h flexural strength ofα-hh is 5.3 MPa and the dry compressive strength is 36.8 MPa,which is up to the standard of commercialα-hh.

关键词： Nitrophosphate Ammonia neutralization Deep decalcification high-strengthα-hemihydrate gypsum Controlled crystallization at atmospheric pressure

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2233-2243页

作者： Guonan Ma Shize Zhu dong Wang Peng Xue BolüXiao Zongyi Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Dongguan 523808China

A high-zinc composite,12vol%SiC/Al-13.3 Zn-3.27 Mg-1.07Cu(wt%),with an ultra-high-strength of 781 MPa was success-fully fabricated through a powder metallurgy method,followed by an extrusion *** effects of solid-solution and aging heat treat-ments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were extensively *** with a single-stage sol-id-solution treatment,a two-stage solid-solution treatment(470℃/1 h+480℃/1 h)exhibited a more effective solid-solution strengthen-ing owing to the higher degree of solid-solution and a more uniform *** to the aging hardness curves of the com-posite,the optimized aging parameter(100℃/22 h)was *** the aging temperature and time resulted in finer and more uniform nanoscale precipitates but only yielded a marginal increase in tensile *** fractography analysis revealed that intergranu-lar cracking and interface debonding were the main fracture mechanisms in the ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu *** regions,such as the SiC/Al interface containing numerous compounds and the precipitate-free zones at the high-angle grain boundaries,were identified as significant factors limiting the strength enhancement of the *** compounds,including MgO,MgZn2,and Cu5Zn8,reduced the interfacial bonding strength,leading to interfacial debonding.

关键词： metal matrix composites heat treatment interfacial reaction mechanical properties fracture mechanism

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Impact of h_(2)S on hg^(0)capture performance over nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent:experimental and theoretical insights

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 89-100页

作者： Guopei Zhang Xiaoyang Zhang Xiangwen Xing Xiangru Kong Lin Cui dong Yong National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion Shandong UniversityJinan250061China Bingtuan Energy Development Institute Shihezi UniversityShihezi832000China

A nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent with a hierarchical porous structure was synthesized via aggregation-hydrothermal *** hg^(0)adsorption performance of the nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent was tested and compared with that of the coconut shell activated carbon prepared in the *** effect of h_(2)S on hg^(0)adsorption was also *** nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent exhibited superior mercury removal performance compared with that of coconut shell activated *** the absence of h_(2)S at a low temperature(≤100℃),the hg^(0)removal efficiency of the nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent exceeded 90%.This value is significantly higher than that of coconut shell activated carbon,which is approximately 45%.h_(2)S significantly enhanced the hg^(0)removal performance of the nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere sorbent at higher temperatures(100–180℃).The hierarchical porous structure facilitated the diffusion and adsorption of h_(2)S and hg^(0),while the nitrogen-containing active sites significantly improved the adsorption and dissociation capabilities of h_(2)S,contributing to the generation of more active sulfur species on the surface of the nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere *** formation of active sulfur species and hgS on the sorbent surface was further confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hg^(0)temperature-programmed desorption *** functional theory was employed to elucidate the adsorption and transformation of hg^(0)on the sorbent surface.h_(2)S adsorbed and dissociated on the sorbent surface,generating active sulfur species that reacted with gaseous hg^(0)to form hgS.

关键词： nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere h_(2)S hg^(0)removal adsorption mechanism

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