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Roles of Arabidopsis Patatin-Related Phospholipases A in Root Development Are Related to Auxin Responses and Phosphate Deficiency

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 524-538页

作者： Stef.e. Rietz Georgi Dermendjiev esther Oppermann fikadu Getah Tafesse Yunus ef.e.di Andre Holk Jane e. Parker Markus Teige gunther f.e. scherer Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Department of Plant Microbe Interactions Carl von Linne Weg 10 D-50829 Cologne Germany Leibniz University Hannover Molecular Developmental Physiology Herrenhauser Str. 2 D-30419 Hannover Germany University of Vienna MFPL Department of Biochemistry Dr. Bohrgasse 9 A-1030 Wien Austria Present address: University of Utrecht Department of Membrane Enzymology Inst. Biomembranes Padualaan 8 NL 3584 CH Utrecht. The Netherlands

Phospholipase A enzymes cleave phospho- and galactolipids to generate f.e. fatty acids and lysolipids that function in animal and plant hormone signaling. Here, we describe three Arabidopsis patatin-related phospholipase A （pPLA） genes AtPLAIVA, AtPLAIVB, and AtPLAIVC and their corresponding proteins. Loss-of-function mutants reveal roles for these pPLAs in roots during normal development and under phosphate deprivation. AtPLAIVA is expressed strongly and exclusively in roots and AtplalVA-null mutants have reduced lateral root development, characteristic of an impaired auxin response. By contrast, AtPLAIVB is expressed weakly in roots, cotyledons, and leaves but is transcriptionally induced by auxin, although AtplalVB mutants develop normally. AtPLAIVC is expressed in the floral gynaecium and is induced by abscisic acid （ABA） or phosphate deficiency in roots. While an AtplalVC-1 loss-of-function mutant displays ABA respon- siveness, it exhibits an impaired response to phosphate deficiency during root development. Recombinant AtPLA proteins hydrolyze preferentially galactolipids and, less efficiently, phospholipids, although these enzymes are not localized in chloroplasts. We find that AtPLAIVA and AtPLAIVB are phosphorylated by calcium-dependent protein kinases in vitro and this enhances their activities on phosphatidylcholine but not on phosphatidylglycerol. Taken together, the data reveal novel functions of pPLAs in root development with individual roles at the interface between phosphate deficiency and auxin signaling.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress hormonal regulation protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signaltransduction gene regulation Arabidopsis.

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experimental study on influence of blade angle and particle size on particle mechanics on a batch-operated single floor of a multiple hearth furnace

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 224-240页

作者： Max Kriegeskorte Nikoline Hilse Phil Spatz Viktor scherer Institute for energy Plant Technology(LeAT) Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstraβe 15044780 BochumGermany

In industry,multiple hearth furnaces are used for the thermal treatment of particulate *** current contribution concentrates on the experimental analysis of particle mechanics for a batch-operated single floor of a multiple hearth *** particles are agitated on the circular floor by a single,rotating rabble arm equipped with three flat rabble blades of 10 mm *** blade angle,defined as the angle,which the blade is inclined against the tangential direction,is varied from 0°to 90°.A single layer of spherical polyoxymethylene(POM)particles with three dif.e.ent diameters(5,10 and 20 mm)is placed on the *** analyze the results,two parameters have been extracted from image analysis when the bed of particles is agitated,first,the area not covered by particles and second,the f.e.uency distribution of the mean distance among the *** particle f.e. surface area increases with the inclination of the *** evolution of the particle f.e. surface area dif.e.s for the dif.e.ent particle *** general,the maximum particle f.e. area for all blade angles is the largest for the 5 mm particles followed by the 20 mm *** the 10 mm particles,the particle f.e. surface area starts for a blade angle of 0°at larger values than for the 20 mm particles but the values fall below the values for the 20 mm particles for larger blade *** reason for this behavior is discussed in *** mean distance among the particles is a parameter characterizing the length scales dominating the ef.e.ts on the *** f.e.uency distribution of the mean distance among particles provides infor-mation about the morphology of the particle bulk,for example,whether the f.e. surface area is inter-spersed with particles.

关键词： Hearth furnace floor Particle movement Spherical particles Particle f.e. surface area Mean distance among particles

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Investigating the inflow into a granular bed using a locally resolved method

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 89-101页

作者： Maximilian Brommer Maik Scharnowski enric Illana Mahiques Siegmar Wirtz Viktor scherer Ruhr University Bochum Institute of Energy Plant TechnologyUniversitätsstraβe 15044780BochumGermany

Discrete element Method-Computational fluid Dynamics(DeM/CfD)simulations of industrial-scale granular systems employ spatial averaging(porous media approach)for the fluid-particle interaction in the whole domain,which can lead to poor accuracy,for instance at flow inlets,as local particle bulk morphology is not *** paper presents an approach where the interstitial flow in crucial areas with large gradients can be resolved locally in an otherwise unresolved domain,so that a mixed resolved-unresolved method is *** a generic example to show the feasibility and performance of the new approach,the inflow of ambient air into a flat-bottom hopper through a narrow orifice is *** an experimental setup,the vertical profile of the pressure decay through the inlet and across the packing is chosen for com-parison with respective *** obtained with the conventional porous media method and the locally resolved approach are compared to these experiments for varying volume flow rates and for two dif.e.ent particle *** of dif.e.ent size as well as dodecahedrons are *** is found that although averaging methods already provide good approximations,the locally resolved method can improve the result especially when conventional drag laws are not applicable due to wall ef.e.ts or if large velocity gradients exist.

关键词： DeM/CfD Packed bed Pressure drop

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Convective drying of wood chips:Accelerating coupled DeM-CfD simulations with parametrized reduced single particle models

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 158-167页

作者： Lucas Reineking Jonas fischer Ali Mjalled enric Illana Siegmar Wirtz Viktor scherer Martin Monnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany energy Plant Technology Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany

The simulation of industry-scale reactive bulks is challenging due to the complex interaction between fluid and *** particles in the bulk and their interaction with the fluid flow can be described by combined Discrete element Method-Computational fluid Dynamics(DeM-CfD)***,the computational cost of the finite Volume(fV)methods deployed in these models can become prohibi-tively expensive,especially for high inner-particle *** particle Reduced Models(RMs)can be used to achieve both fast and accurate descriptions of the processes in each *** an example of bulk systems comprising heat and mass transfer,we compared fV and RM simulations for the drying of wood chips in a bulk reactor.A manifold-based nonlinear interpolation was applied to resolve changing boundary conditions for the *** simulations showed that RMs provide accurate values for the thermodynamic state variables of the ***,the time required for the bulk simulation was reduced by 67%with the *** is evident that simulations with high inner-particle resolution can be accelerated by RMs if manifold-based nonlinear interpolation is used to address changing boundary conditions.

关键词： Reduced model Reactive bulk Discrete element method Manifold-based interpolation Drying of porous mediaDeM-CfD

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Plant Phosphatidylcholine-Hydrolyzing Phospholipases C NPC3 and NPC4 with Roles in Root Development and Brassinolide Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 610-625页

作者： Rinukshi Wimalasekera Premysl Pejchar Andre Holka Jan Martinec gunther Re. scherer Leibniz University of Hannover Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science Section of Applied Molecular Physiology Herrenhauser Strasse 2 D-30419Hannover Germany Institute of.e.perimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Rozvojova 263 165 02 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C （PC-PLC） catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine （PC） to generate phosphocholine and diacylglycerol （DAG）. PC-PLC has a long tradition in animal signal transduction to generate DAG as a second messenger besides the classical phosphatidylinositol splitting phospholipase C （PI-PLC）. Based on amino acid sequence similarity to bacterial PC-PLC, six putative PC-PLC genes （NPC1 to NPC6） were identif.e. in the Arabidopsis genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed overlapping expression pattern of NPC genes in root, stem, leaf, flower, and silique. In auxin-treated PNPc3：GUS and PNPc4：GUS seedlings, strong increase of GUS activity was visible in roots, leaves, and shoots and, to a weaker extent, in brassinolide-treated （BL） seedlings. PNPc4：GUS seedlings also responded to cytokinin with increased GUS activity in young leaves. Compared to wild-type, T-DNA insertional knockouts npc3 and npc4 showed shorter primary roots and lower lateral root density at low BL concentrations but increased lateral root densities in response to exogenous 0.05-1.0 I^M BL BL-induced expression of TCH4 and LRX2, which are involved in cell expansion, was impaired but not impaired in repression of CPD, a BL biosynthesis gene, in BL-treated npc3 and npc4. These observations suggest NPC3 and NPC4 are important in BL-mediated signaling in root growth. When treated with 0.1 I^M BL, DAG accumulation was observed in tobacco BY-2 cell cultures labeled with fluorescent PC as early as 15 min af.e. application. We hypothesize that at least one PC-PLC is a plant signaling enzyme in BL signal transduction and, as shown earlier, in elicitor signal transduction.

关键词： Auxin brassinolide signaling phosphate deficiency phosphatidylcholine-splitting phospholipase C (PC-PLC) NPC genes.

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COPPeR AMINe OXIDASe1 （CuAO1） of Arabidopsis thaliana Contributes to Abscisic Acid- and Polyamine-lnduced Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis and Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 663-678页

作者： Rinukshi Wimalasekera Corina Villar Tahmina Begum Giinther f. e. scherer Leibniz Universitat Hannover Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science Section of Applied Molecular Physiology Herrenhauser Strasse 2 D-30419Hannover Germany Present address: Institute of Plant Research ETH Universitatstr. 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland Present address: ZMBP University of T~bingen Auf der Morgenstell 28 D-72076 Tubingen Germany

Polyamines （PA）, polyamine oxidases, copper amine oxidases, and nitric oxide （NO） play important roles in physiology and stress responses in plants. NO biosynthesis as a result of catabolism of PA by polyamine oxidases and copper amine oxidases may explain in part PA-mediated responses. Involvement of a copper amine oxidase gene, COPPeR AMINe OXIDASeI （CuAO1）, of Arabidopsis was tested for its role in stress responses using the knockouts cuao1-1 and cuaol-2. PA-induced and ABA-induced NO production investigated bY fluorometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that the cuaol-1 and cuaol-2 are impaired in NO production, suggesting a function of CuAO1 in PA and ABA-mediated NO production. furthermore, we found a PA-dependent increase in protein S-nitrosylation. The addition of PA and ABA also resulted in H2O2 increases, cuao1-1 and cuao1-2 showed less sensitivity to exogenous ABA supplementation during germination, seedling establishment, and root growth inhibition as compared to wild-type. In response to ABA treatment, expression levels of the stress-responsive genes RD29A and ADH1 were significantly lower in the knockouts. These observations characterize cuao1-1 and cuao1-2 as ABA-insensitive mutants. Taken together, our findings extend the ABA signal transduction network to include CuAO1 as one potential contributor to enhanced NO production by ABA.

关键词： COPPeR AMINe OXIDASe1 polyamines nitric oxide abscisic acid signal transduction germination.

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Influence of Ti Powder Characteristics on Combustion Synthesis of Porous NiTi Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第3期18卷 248-250页

作者： YonghuaLI V.e.gunther 等 Instituteof.e.alResearch ChineseAcademyofScienceskShenyang110016China ScientificResearchInstituteof.e.icalMaterialsandShapeMemoryImplats Tomsk634034Russia

Porous NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) is a novel biomedical material used for human hard tissue implant. The influence of.e.emental titanium powder characteristics such as powder morphology, particle size and specific surface area (SSA) on the minimal ignition temperature, combustion temperature and final product of porous NiTi SMA fabricated by the combustion synthesis method was investigated in this paper by scanning electron microscopy (SeM) and laser diffraction. The preliminary data indicate that the titanium powder characteristics have a strong ef.e.t on the combustion synthesis of porous NiTi SMA.

关键词： Porous NiTi shape memory alloy Combustion synthesis Titanium powder characteristics

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Adiponectin,the past two decades

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2016年第2期8卷 93-100页

作者： Zhao V.Wang Philipp e.scherer Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5323 Harry Hines Blvd.DallasTX 75390USA Touchstone Diabetes Center Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5323 Harry Hines Blvd.DallasTX 75390USA Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5323 Harry Hines Blvd.DallasTX 75390USA

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific factor,first described in *** the past two decades,numerous studies have elucidated the physiological functions of adiponectin in obesity,diabetes,inflammation,atherosclerosis,and cardiovascular ***,elicited through cognate receptors,suppresses glucose production in the liver and enhances fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle,which together contribute to a beneficial metabolic action in whole body energy *** its role in metabolism,adiponectin also protects cells from apoptosis and reduces inflammation in various cell types via receptor-dependent ***,as a fat-derived hormone,therefore fulfills a critical role as an important messenger to communicate between adipose tissue and other organs.A better understanding of adiponectin actions,including the pros and cons,will advance our insights into basic mechanisms of metabolism and inflammation,and potentially pave theway toward novel means of pharmacological intervention to address pathophysiological changes associated with diabetes,atherosclerosis,and cardiometabolic disease.

关键词： adiponectin diabetes obesity metabolic syndrome

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Can Quick Release experiments Reveal the Muscle Structure？ A Bionic Approach

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2012年第2期9卷 211-223页

作者： D. f. B. Haeuf.e.M. gunther R. Blickhan S. Schmitt Institute of Sports and exercise-Science University of Stuttgart Allmandring 28 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology （SRC SimTech） University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 7a D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Motion Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Seidelstraβe 20 D-07749 Jena Germany

The goal of this study was to understand the macroscopic mechanical structure and function of biological muscle with respect to its dynamic role in the contraction. A recently published muscle model, deriving the hyperbolic force-velocity relation from first-order mechanical principles, predicts dif.e.ent force-velocity operating points for dif.e.ent load situations. With a new approach, this model could be simplif.e. and thus, transferred into a numerical simulation and a hardware experiment. Two types of quick release experiments were performed in simulation and with the hardware setup, which represent two extreme cases of the contraction dynamics： against a constant force （isotonic） and against an inertial mass. Both experiments revealed hyperbolic or hyperbolic-like force-velocity relations. Interestingly, the analytical model not only predicts these extreme cases, but also additionally all contraction states in between. It was possible to validate these predictions with the numerical model and the hardware experiment. These results prove that the origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation can be mechanically explained on a macroscopic level by the dynamical interaction of three mechanical elements. The implications for the interpretation of biological muscle experiments and the realization of muscle-like bionic actuators are discussed.

关键词： force-velocity relation isotonic quick release proof of concept artificial muscle

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Thermal evolution of an ancient subduction interface revealed by Lue Hf garnet geochronology, Halilba■? Complex(Anatolia)

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Geoscience frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 127-148页

作者： Amaury Pourteau erik e.scherer Simon Schorn Rebecca Bast Alexander Schmidt Lisa ebert Institut für erd- und Umweltwissenschaf.e. Universit?t Potsdam earth Dynamics Research Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Münster Isotope Research Centre Institut für Mineralogie Westf?lische Wilhelms-Universit?t Münster Department of Geological Sciences University of Cape Town Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie Universit?t zu K?ln

The thermal structure of subduction zones exerts a major influence on deep-seated mechanical and chemical processes controlling arc magmatism, seismicity, and global element cycles. Accretionary complexes exposed inland may comprise tectonic blocks with contrasting pressureetemperature(Pe T)histories, making it possible to investigate the dynamics and thermal evolution of former subduction interfaces. With this aim, we present new Lue Hf geochronological results for mafic rocks of the Halilbag?Complex(Anatolia) that evolved along dif.e.ent thermal gradients. Samples include a lawsoniteeepidote blueschist, a lawsoniteeepidote eclogite, and an epidote eclogite(all with counter-clockwise Pe T paths),a prograde lawsonite blueschist with a "hairpin"-type Pe T path, and a garnet amphibolite from the overlying sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole. equilibrium phase diagrams suggest that the garnet amphibolite formed at w0.6 -0.7 GPa and 800 -850℃, whereas the prograde lawsonite blueschist records burial from 2.1 GPa and 420℃ to 2.6 GPa and 520℃. Well-defined Lue Hf isochrons were obtained for the epidote eclogite(92.38 ± 0.22 Ma) and the lawsoniteeepidote blueschist(90.19 ± 0.54 Ma),suggesting rapid garnet growth. The lawsoniteeepidote eclogite(87.30 ± 0.39 Ma) and the prograde lawsonite blueschist(ca. 86 Ma) are younger, whereas the garnet amphibolite(104.5 ± 3.5 Ma) is *** data reveal a consistent trend of progressively decreasing geothermal gradient from granulite-facies conditions at ~104 Ma to the epidote-eclogite facies around 92 Ma, and the lawsonite blueschist-facies between 90 Ma and 86 Ma. Three Lue Hf garnet dates(between 92 Ma and 87 Ma) weighted toward the growth of post-peak rims(as indicated by Lu distribution in garnet) suggest that the HP/LT rocks were exhumed continuously and not episodically. We infer that HP/LT metamorphic rocks within the Halilbag?Complex were subjected to continuous return flow, with "warm" rocks being exhumed during the tectonic bur

关键词： Subduction Lu/Hf dating of garnet Metamorphic sole eclogite Blueschist Lawsonite

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