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Predictors of dominance rank and agonistic interactions in captive Livingstone's fruit bats

Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 694-702页

作者： Sarah Richdon Eluned Price Dominic Wormell Gareth Jones grainne mccabe School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK Bristol Zoological Society CliftonBristoiBS83HAUK Jersey Zoo La Profonde RueJerseyJE35BPUK

Male dominance hierarchies have been studied in many animals but rarely in bats(Chiroptera).The dominance rank of social animals may dictate access to resources and mates;therefore,it has important implications for an individual's fitness and is crucial for successful captive *** January and December 2018,at both Bristoi Zoo Gardens(Bristol,UK)and Jersey Zoo(Jersey,British Isles),we observed 19 male Livingstone's fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii using focal follows for 345 h overall,noting the outcome of all agonistic *** recorded instigators of interactions,along with winners and losers,and analyzed these data using the R-package"EloRating"to create Elo-rating temporal plots of dominance *** used generalized linear mixed models and multiple linear regression to analyze interaction data and test hypotheses regarding predictors of dominance rank,frequency of agonistic interaction,and choice of interaction *** was positively correlated with dominance rank up to around year 9,when an asymptote was *** ranked bats instigated the most agonistic interac-tions,and largely directed these interactions at bats with much lower rankings than *** were extremely stable throughout the data collection period at both *** conclude that Livingstone's fruit bats have a stable linear dominance hierarchy,with high-ranking,typ-ically older males instigating the most interactions with lowest ranking males to secure dominance *** study adds to the limited discourse on Pteropus social behaviors,indicating that some bat species may have social systems similar in complexity to some nonhuman primates.

关键词： bats Chiroptera captive Elo-rating social hierarchy

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BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma causing colonic polyps:An alternative hypothesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第17期23卷 3022-3029页

作者： Fergal C Kelleher grainne Callaghan Catriona Gallagher Hazel O'Sullivan Department of Medical Oncology Specialty Certification Medical Oncology Royal College of Physicians United KingdomEuropean Certification in Medical OncologyThe Adelaide and Meath Hospital The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Whangarei Base Hospital

Colonic polyps may arise from BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma, possibly due to paradoxical activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathway. In an alternative evidence based scenario, tubular colonic adenomas with APC gene mutations have also been identified in the context of BRAF inhibitor treatment, in the absence of mutations of MAPK genes. A minority of colorectal cancers develop by an alternative “serrated polyp pathway”. This article postulates a novel hypothesis, that the established phenotypic and molecular characteristics of serrated colonic polyps/CRC offer an intriguing insight into the pathobiology of BRAF inhibitor induced colonic polyps. Serrated polyps are characterized by a CpG island methylation phenotype, MLH1 silencing and cellular senescence. They also have BRAF mutations. The contention is that BRAF inhibitor induced polyps mimic the afore-described histology and molecular features of serrated polyps with the exception that instead of the presence of BRAF mutations they induce C-RAF homodimers and B-RAF: C-RAF heterodimers.

关键词： BRAF inhibitors Malignant melanoma Serrated polyps Colonic polyps

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Is there an anatomical endophenotype for neurodevelopmental disorders? A review of dual disorder anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of grey matter volumes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3376-3381页

作者： MCALONAN grainne M YU Kevin K CHAN Raymond C K CHUA Siew E CHEUNG Charlton Department of Psychiatry the University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences the University of Hong Kong Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The term "neurodevelopmental disorder" broadly encompasses conditions thought to arise early in development and includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism among others. These conditions share a number of genetic and environmental risk factors postulated to lead to common difficulties in socio-emotional processing, communication and cognitive function. The alternative position is that, while the same traits are affected across these conditions, the nature or direction in which they are modified may be distinct. MRI studies provide a rapidly expanding and rich database which we propose can be used to contribute to this debate. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) is a method of meta-analysis applied to voxel-based MRI studies. We have adapted this method to explore the extent to which schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and autism share a common brain structural phenotype. We will review this work here and discuss whether there is sufficient other evidence to justify a common framework for further research into the inter-relatedness of such conditions.

关键词：神经疾病似然估计审查工作解剖精神分裂症稳定质数进修

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Cerebellar pathology in motor neuron disease:neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2335-2341页

作者： Rangariroyashe H.Chipika grainne Mulkerrin Pierre-François Pradat Aizuri Murad Fabrice Ango Cédric Raoul Peter Bede Computational Neuroimaging Group Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier(INM) INSERMCNRSMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relentlessly progressive multi-system *** clinical picture is dominated by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration,but extra-motor pathology is increasingly recognized,including cerebellar ***-mortem and neuroimaging studies primarily focus on the chara cterization of supratentorial disease,des pite emerging evidence of cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral *** clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,such as dysarthria,dysphagia,cognitive and behavioral deficits,saccade abnormalities,gait impairment,respiratory weakness and pseudobulbar affect are likely to be exacerbated by co-existing cerebellar *** review summarizes in vivo and post mortem evidence for cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral scle *** imaging studies consistently capture cerebellar grey matter volume reductions,diffusivity studies readily detect both intra-cerebellar and cerebellar peduncle white matter alte rations and functional imaging studies commonly report increased functional connectivity with supratentorial *** functional connectivity is commonly interpreted as evidence of neuro plasticity representing compensatory processes despite the lack of post-mortem *** is a scarcity of post-mortem studies focusing on cerebellar alte rations,but these detect pTDP-43 in cerebellar *** rebellar pathology is an overloo ked facet of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis despite its contribution to a multitude of clinical symptoms,wides p read connectivity to spinal and supratentorial regions and putative role in compensating for the degeneration of primary motor regions.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ataxia cerebellum magnetic resonance imaging motor neuron disease neuroimaging neuroplasticity pathology primary lateral sclerosis pseudobulbar affect

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Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9214-9221页

作者： Denise E Brennan Joseph Omorogbe Mary Hussey Donal Tighe grainne Holleran Colm O'Morain Sinéad M Smith Deirdre McNamara Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin

AIM To compare(1) demographics in urea breath test(UBT) vs endoscopy patients; and(2) the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy *** Six hundred and sixteen adult patients undergoing endoscopy or a UBT were prospectively recruited to the study. The Geno Type Helico DR assay was used to detect Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and antibiotic resistance using biopsy and/or stool samples from CLOpositive endoscopy patients and stool samples from UBT-positive patients. RESULTS Infection rates were significantly higher in patients referred for a UBT than endoscopy(overall rates: 33% vs 19%; treatment-na?ve patients: 33% vs 14.7%, respectively). H. pylori-infected UBT patients were younger than H. pylori-infected endoscopy patients(41.4 vs 48.4 years, respectively, P < 0.005), with a higher percentage of H. pylori-infected males in the endoscopy-compared to the UBT-cohort(52.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). The Geno Type Helico DR assay was more accurate at detecting H. pylori infection using biopsy samples than stool samples [98.2%(n = 54/55) vs 80.3%(n =53/66), P < 0.005]. Subset analysis using stool and biopsy samples from CLO-positive endoscopy patients revealed a higher detection rate ofresistance-associated mutations using stool samples compared to biopsies. The concordance rates between stool and biopsy samples for the detection of H. pylori DNA, clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance were just 85%, 53% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION Differences between endoscopy and UBT patients provide a rationale for non-invasive detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. However, the Geno Type Helico DR assay is an unsuitable approach.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolone Molecular methods

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Pill Cam COLON 2~? as a pan-enteroscopic test in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第16期7卷 1230-1232页

作者： Barry Hall grainne Holleran Deirdre McNamara Department of Gastroenterology Adelaide and Meath Hospital

A recent paper by Boal Carvalho et al demonstrates the potential of Pill Cam COLON 2?(PCC2) as a panenteric investigation in Crohn's disease(CD). Our own prospective data in patients with known CD also shows good correlation between PCC2 and small/large bowel investigations(R = 0.896,P < 0.0004/R = 0.6667,P <0.035). Larger studies are warranted to prospectively validate the use of PCC2 in the investigation and monitoring of both small and large bowel CD.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Panenteroscopy Small bowel Crohn

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Small bowel Dieulafoy lesions: An uncommon cause of obscure bleeding in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第16期8卷 568-571页

作者： grainne Holleran Mary Hussey Deirdre Mc Namara Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTallaght Hospital

Dieulafoy lesions(DLs) are an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, accounting for up to 2% of cases overall. They are largely under recognised and difficult to treat. Up to 95% occur in the stomach, and only case reports document their occurrence in the small bowel(SB). Little is known about their pathophysiology, although there have been associations made previously with chronic liver disease, thought to be due to the erosive effects of alcohol on the mucosa overlying the abnormally dilated vessels. We present a case series of 4 patients with a long duration of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, who were diagnosed with small intestinal DLs and incidentally diagnosed with chronic liver disease. The histories describe the challenges in both diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal DLs. Our case series suggest a previously unreported link between chronic liver disease and SB DLs which may be due to anatomical vasculature changes or a shift in angiogenic factors as a consequence of portal hypertension or liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Dieulafoy lesions Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Capsule endoscopy Double balloon enteroscopy

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Assessment of serum angiogenic factors as a diagnostic aid for small bowel angiodysplasia in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and anaemia

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2017年第3期8卷 127-132页

作者： grainne Holleran Mary Hussey Sinead Smith Deirdre McNamara Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Centre for Health SciencesTallaght Hospital24 DublinIreland

To assess the use of serum levels of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Ang2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) as predictive factors for small bowel angiodysplasia (SBA). METHODSSerum samples were collected from patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for any cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) or anaemia. Based on small bowel findings patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) SBA; (2) other bleeding causes; and (3) normal, according to diagnosis. Using ELISA technique we measured serum levels of Ang1, Ang2 and TNFα and compared mean and median levels between the groups based on small bowel diagnosis. Using receiver operator curve analysis we determined whether any of the factors were predictive of SBA. RESULTSSerum samples were collected from a total of 120 patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for OGIB or anaemia: 40 with SBA, 40 with other causes of small bowel bleeding, and 40 with normal small bowel findings. Mean and median serum levels were measured and compared between groups; patients with SBA had significantly higher median serum levels of Ang2 (3759 pg/mL) compared to both other groups, with no significant differences in levels of Ang1 or TNFα based on diagnosis. There were no differences in Ang2 levels between the other bleeding causes (2261 pg/mL) and normal (2620 pg/mL) groups. Using Receiver Operator Curve analysis, an Ang2 level of > 2600 pg/mL was found to be predictive of SBA, with an area under the curve of 0.7. Neither Ang1 or TNFα were useful as predictive markers. CONCLUSIONElevations in serum Ang2 are specific for SBA and not driven by other causes of bleeding and anaemia. Further work will determine whether Ang2 is useful as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for SBA.

关键词： Angiodysplasia Small intestinal bleeding Capsule endoscopy Angiogenic factors Angiopoietin-2

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Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 714-722页

作者： Damaris K.Kinyoki grainne M.Moloney Olalekan A.Uthman Elijah O.Odundo Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow James A.Berkley Spatial Health Metrics Group INFORM ProjectKenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Nutrition Section United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)Kenya Country OfficeUN Complex GigiriNairobiKenya Warwick Medical School Health Sciences Research InstituteWarwick EvidenceUniversity of WarwickGibbet HillCoventry CV47ALUK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit(FSNAU)-Somalia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNgecha Road CampusNairobiKenya Department of Mathematics and Information sciences Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of AgderKristiansandNorway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research(coast)KilifiKenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordCCVTMOxford OX37LJUK

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African ***,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated *** aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 ***:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to *** developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial ***:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC *** spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and *** posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in ***:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in *** spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.

关键词： Malnutrition Wasting Low-MUAC Malaria Comorbidity Somalia

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Shared changes in angiogenic factors across gastrointestinal vascular conditions:A pilot study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2020年第3期11卷 40-47页

作者： Atiyekeogbebe R Douglas grainne Holleran Sinead M Smith Deirdre McNamara TAGG Research Centre School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublin D24Ireland

BACKGROUND Neovascularisation is common to a variety of gastrointestinal(GI)disorders with differing aetiologies and presentations;usually affecting adults above 60 *** angiogenic factors modulated by disease specific elements could be a common denominator and represent novel diagnostic and therapeutic *** yet,assessment of angiogenic factors across several GI vascular disorders associated with recurrent bleeding and anaemia has not been *** To assess serum levels of angiogenic factors in several intestinal vascular *** A case control study was performed in Tallaght University Hospital in patients with endoscopically proven small bowel angiodysplasia(SBA),portal hypertensive gastropathy(PHG),gastric antral vascular ectasia(GAVE)and nonbleeding,non-anaemic *** enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,concentrations of Angiopoietin 1(Ang-1),Ang-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were measured from 2 serum tubes of blood following informed *** relative expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2 and Ang-1/2 ratio was calculated and compared between *** analysis was applied using a t-test,and a P value of<0.05 was considered *** To date 44 samples were tested:10 SBA,11 PHG,8 GAVE and 15 *** age 60(range 20-85)years and 20(45%)were *** were significantly younger(49 years vs 66 years,P=0.0005).There was no difference in VEGF levels between the groups(P=0.6).SBA,PHG and GAVE Ang-1 levels were similar and were significantly lower than controls,(P=0.0002,95%CI:241 to 701).Ang-2 levels were statistically higher in PHG and GAVE groups compared to controls(P= 0.01, 95%CI: 77.8 to 668) and as a result, also had a lower Ang-1/2 ratioscompared to controls. While SBA Ang-2 levels were higher than controls, this didnot reach statistical significance. Neither age nor haemoglobin level, which wassimilar between disease groups, could explain the difference. In addition, themedian Ang-1/A

关键词： Gastric antral vascular ectasia Portal hypertensive gastropathy Angiodysplasia Angiopoietins Angiogenic factors Recurrent bleeding

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