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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOr Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham r.scott Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America rodentia sensory evolution

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew r.Coburn Charlie Young Chris Smith graham Schultz Miguel robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of *** reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(UrANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)*** outcomes of the UrANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy *** attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM rANS unsteady flow exponential decay

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risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry graham r Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGrOUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with *** the 6 HCV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-G3 in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTrAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

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Machine learning modeling for fuel cell-battery hybrid power system dynamics in a Toyota Mirai 2 vehicle under various drive cycles

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 406-418页

作者： Adithya Legala Matthew Kubesh Venkata rajesh Chundru graham Conway Xianguo Li Southwest research Institute San AntonioTXUSA Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

Electrification is considered essential for the decarbonization of mobility sector, and understanding and modeling the complex behavior of modern fuel cell-battery electric-electric hybrid power systems is challenging, especially for product development and diagnostics requiring quick turnaround and fast computation. In this study, a novel modeling approach is developed, utilizing supervised machine learning algorithms, to replicate the dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell-battery hybrid power system in a 2021 Toyota Mirai 2nd generation (Mirai 2) vehicle under various drive cycles. The entire data for this study is collected by instrumenting the Mirai vehicle with in-house data acquisition devices and tapping into the Mirai controller area network bus during chassis dynamometer tests. A multi-input - multi-output, feed-forward artificial neural network architecture is designed to predict not only the fuel cell attributes, such as average minimum cell voltage, coolant and cathode air outlet temperatures, but also the battery hybrid system attributes, including lithium-ion battery pack voltage and temperature with the help of 15 system operating parameters. Over 21,0000 data points on various drive cycles having combinations of transient and near steady-state driving conditions are collected, out of which around 15,000 points are used for training the network and 6,000 for the evaluation of the model performance. Various data filtration techniques and neural network calibration processes are explored to condition the data and understand the impact on model performance. The calibrated neural network accurately predicts the hybrid power system dynamics with an r-squared value greater than 0.98, demonstrating the potential of machine learning algorithms for system development and diagnostics.

关键词： Artificial neural network(ANN) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) Fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV) Fuel cell-battery electric-electric hybrid power system Data based models Lithium-ion battery(LiB)

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Universal silicon ring resonator for error-free transmission links

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Photonics research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： JUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG KE LI BHArAT PANT MArTIN EBErT XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAKAr DEHN T.TrAN CALLUM G.LITTLEJOHNS FUWAN GAN graham rEED DAVID J.THOMSON Optoelectronics research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon PN junction ring resonator for C band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. The universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of -4 V·mm and>8 d B optical modulation extinction ratio, enabling C band 50 Gb/s NrZ communication link with a bit error rate≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonator communication

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Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第9期11卷 565-577页

作者： Jessica r Worley graham C Parker Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University School of Medicine

Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous,and many are known to cause harmful health ***,much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly *** exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely *** much of the recent excitement about stem cells(SCs)focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents,they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant *** only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing,SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled *** present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs,followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue *** review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed,as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.

关键词： Environmental substances Toxic Stem cells Endocrine disruptors Alcohols Tobacco smoking Metals Heavy Particulate matter Volatile organic compounds Ozone

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The roper-Suffridge extension operator and classes of biholomorphic mappings Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1539-1552页

作者： graham Ian KOHr Gabriela Department of Mathematics University of Toronto TorontoOntario M5S 2E4Canada Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Babes-Bolyai University 1 M. Kogǎlniceanu Str. 400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

In this paper we give a survey about the roper-Suffridge extension operator and the developments in the theory of univalent mappings in several variables to which it has led. We begin with the basic geometric properties (most of which now have a number of different proofs)and discuss relations with the theory of Loewner chains and generalizations and modifications of the operator, some of which are very recent.

关键词： convex mapping, starlike mapping, roper-Suffridge operator, growth theorem, distortion theorem, covering theorem, Loewner chain, parametric representation,extreme points, linear invariant family.

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Absence of high amplitude propagating contractions in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5435-5439页

作者： Hanumantha r Ancha Noel r Fajardo William A Bauman Alan S rosman Marinella Galea graham Creasey Mark A Korsten rehabilitation research and Development Center of Excellence for Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Medical Service James J. Peters VA Medical Center Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of rehabilitation Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Spinal Cord Injury Service James J. Peters VA Medical Center Spinal Cord Injury Service VA Medical Center

AIM: To investigate the presence or absence of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPC), as well as the other measures of colonic motility, in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Prolonged colonic ambulatory manometric studies were performed on 14 male volunteers: 8 with SCI (mean age, 59 ± 13 years; mean duration of injury, 13 ± 4 years) and 6 healthy able-bodied controls (mean age, 57 ± 10 years). A solid-state manometry catheter was endoscopically clipped to the splenic flexure. recording was performed for > 24 h after manometric catheter placement. rESULTS: HAPC were absent in individuals with SCI during pre-sleep, sleep, and post-sleep phases. HAPC were significantly increased after awakening in non-SCI controls (0.8 ± 0.2 HAPC/h vs 10.5 ± 2.0 HAPC/h, P r in those with SCI than in controls preand post-sleep (SCI vs non-SCI: Pre-sleep, 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.9, P r, a sleepinduced depression of colonic motility was observed in both the SCI and non-SCI groups (Pre-sleep vs Sleep, non-SCI: 8.8 ± 1.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, P ring sleep not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUSION: HAPC were not observed in individuals with SCI preor post-sleep. A sleep-induced depression in general colonic motility was evident in SCI and control subjects.

关键词： Spinal cord injury Neurogenic bowel Bowel motility High amplitude propagating contractions Motility index

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Modification of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 by reactive lipid species: role in neural regeneration and diseases of aging

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Neural regeneration research 2016年第6期11卷 908-909页

作者： Steven H.graham Geriatric research Educational and Clinical Center V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System

role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1）in brain function：Ubiquitin is used by a variety of cellular systems to tag proteins for transport to various *** are a number of enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome ... 详细信息

关键词： ubiquitin proteasome regeneration Ubiquitin hydrolase Modification synaptic neuronal lipid enzymes

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Soil carbon availability affects nitrogen transformation under irrigated lucerne

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 977-980页

作者： Adriano S.NASCENTE Jonathan NUNEZ scott L.graham Gabriel *** John E.HUNT Graeme N.D.rOGErS David WHITEHEAD Manaaki Whenua-Landcare research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) Embrapa Arroz e Feijao Highway GO-462Km 12P.O.Box 179Santo Antonio de Goias 75375-000(Brazil) Wageningen University&research Department of Environmental SciencesP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700AA(The Netherlands)

Dear Editor,Approximately 55% of the agricultural land in New Zealand is grazed grassland to support the expanding dairy and meat *** management practices such as irrigation,nitrogen(N)fertiliser application,and of fo... 详细信息

关键词： grassland expanding transformation

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