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Antimalarial potency of the leaf extract of Aspilia africana(Pers.) ***

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第2期5卷 126-129页

作者： Akuodor Godwin Christian Amos grace Mfon essien Augustine Dick essien David-Oku Akpan Joseph Linus ezeokpo Basil Chukwuma Department Pharmacology College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development(NIPRD)AbujaNigeria Department of Biochemistry College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Clinical MedicineEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria

Objective:To investigate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of Aspilin africana (***) ***:The ethanol extract of *** leaf(100-400 mg/kg) was screened for blood schizonticidal effect against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) in mice both in early and established models of antimalarial ***:The leaf extract exhibited significant(Pearly infection and in established infection tests with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of standard drug,chloroquine(10 mg/kg).Conclusions:The findings show thai ethanol extract of *** leaf possesses potent antiplasmodial activity which justify the use in ethnomedicine and can be developed in malaria therapy.

关键词： Aspilia africana Herbal medicine Plasmodium berghei Mice

In vivo mouse models to study bile acid synthesis and signaling

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第5期22卷 466-473页

作者： Anisha Bhattacharya Rulaiha e Taylor grace L Guo Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Rutgers Center for Lipid Research RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA VA New Jersey Health Care System Veterans Administration Medical CenterEast OrangeNew JerseyUSA

The synthesis of bile acids(BAs)is carried out by complex pathways characterized by sequential chemical reactions in the liver through various cytochromes P450(CYP)and other *** the integrity of these pathways is crucial for normal physiological function in mammals,encompassing hepatic and neurological *** on the deficiencies in BA synthesis genes offers valuable insights into the significance of BAs in modulating farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signaling and metabolic *** creating mouse knockout(KO)models,researchers can manipulate deficiencies in genes involved in BA synthesis,which can be used to study human diseases with BA *** KO mouse models allow for a more profound understanding of the functions and regulations of genes responsible for BA ***,KO mouse models shed light on the distinct characteristics of individual BA and their roles in nuclear receptor ***,alterations of BA synthesis genes in mouse models have distinct differences when compared to human diseases caused by the same BA synthesis gene *** review summarizes several mouse KO models used to study BA synthesis and related human diseases,including mice deficient in Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1,Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1,Cyp8b1,Cyp7b1,Cyp2c70,Cyp2a12,and Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12,as well as germ-free mice.

关键词： Bile acid Species difference Farnesoid X receptor Liver diseases

early calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease:setting the stage for synaptic dysfunction

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第8期54卷 752-762页

作者： Shreaya CHAKROBORTY grace e.STUTZMANN Department of Neuroscience Rosalind Franklin University/the Chicago Medical School

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure or clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in the disease *** plaques,neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss,though characteristic of AD,are late stage markers whose impact on the most devastating aspect of AD,namely memory loss and cognitive deficits,are still *** studies demonstrate that structural and functional breakdown of synapses may be the underlying factor in AD-linked cognitive *** common element that presents with several features of AD is disrupted neuronal calcium *** intracellular calcium levels are functionally linked to presenilin mutations,Apoe4 expression,amyloid plaques,tau tangles and synaptic *** this review,we discuss the role of AD-linked calcium signaling alterations in neurons and how this may be linked to synaptic dysfunctions at both early and late stages of the disease.

关键词： calcium Alzheimer's neuron synaptic dysfunction plasticity eR ryanodine CICR

Gastroprotective effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis in Albino rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第10期6卷 771-775页

作者： Akuodor GC essien AD David-Oku e Chilaka kC Akpan JL ezeokpo B ezeonwumelu JOC Department of Pharmacology College of Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar Department of Biochemistry of Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic College of Health SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe University Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Faculty of Clinical MedicineEbonyi State University School of Pharmacy Kampala International University

Objective:To evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis(***)on gastric mucosal damage using different ulcer ***:Considering the above claims,the present study was undertaken to validate the gastroprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of this plant against ethanol,water immersion and Aspirin induced ulcer ***:The leaf extract(50,100 and 200 mg/kg,p.o.)significantly(Pecreased the ulcer index in all assays ***:The results obtained,provide strong evidence of antiulcer activity of the leaf extract of *** and support the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of ulcer.

关键词： Guiera senegalensis Aqueous extract ethanol Aspirin Stress induced gastric ulcers

Geochemical fractionation and ecological risks assessment of benthic sediment-bound heavy metals from coastal ecosystems off the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第3期32卷 410-420页

作者： Nsikak U.Benson essien D.Udosen Joseph P.essien Winifred U.Anake Adebusayo e.Adedapo Oyeronke A.Akintokun Omowunmi H.Fred-Ahmadu Abass A.Olajire Analytical and environmental Chemistry Unit Department of Chemistry Covenant University Department of Chemistry University of Uyo Department of Microbiology University of Uyo Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

This study determines the pollution, fractionation, and ecological risks of sediment-bound heavy metals from coastal ecosystems off the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Contamination Factor(CF), pollution load index(PLI), and geoaccumulation index(Igeo) were used to assess the extent of the heavy metal pollution, while the potential ecological risk was evaluated using the risks assessment code(RAC) and Hkanson potential ecological risk. The analysis revealed concentrations(mg/g, dw) of the cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and lead(Pb) in sediments for wet and dry seasons vary from 4.40-5.08, 14.80-21.09. 35.03-44.8, 2.14-2.28, and 172.24-196.39, respectively. The results also showed that the metal fractionation percentages in the residual, oxidizable, and reducible fractions are the most significant, while the exchangeable and carbonate bound trace metals are relatively low. The RAC values indicate no risk for Cd and Ni and low risk for other metals at all the studied sites during both *** ecological risk analysis of the heavy metal concentrations indicates that Cd had high individual potential ecological risk, while the other metals have low risk at all investigated sites. The multi-elemental potential ecological risk indices(R1) indicate high ecological risk in all the ecosystems.

关键词： Speciation Heavy metal pollution ecological risk assessment Contamination indicators Spatial distribution

Distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated ultisols of the Niger Delta(Nigeria)

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2000年第3期12卷 296-302页

作者： J.P. essien 1, e. D. Udosen 2 (1. Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Nigeria 2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Uyo,Nigeria) Department of Microbiology University of Uyo Nigeria Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Uyo Nigeria

The distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated sandy loam ultisols of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was studied to aid in understanding the effect of hydrocarbons on indigenous microbial population in tropical soils. The average total counts of actinomycetes in all the oil samples analysed was 10 3 cfu/g. Higher counts of actinomycetes were observed during the dry season than during the wet season. The counts of hydrocarbonoclastic actinomycetes correlated positively with the total count of actinomycetes. The actinomycetes were generally restricted to the top soil(0—10 cm soil depth) although a seemingly deeper(down to 40 cm soil depth) distribution was noticed in the dry season. The isolates included oil degrading species of Actinoplanes, Norcadia, Streptomyces and Streptosporangium. Their high oil utilization ability indicates their positive potential and role in the bioremediation of oil spilled soils.

关键词： actinomycetes oil contaminated ultisols

The IBI1 Receptor ofβ-Aminobutyric Acid Interacts with VOZ Transcription Factors to Regulate Abscisic Acid Signaling and Callose-Associated Defense

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Molecular Plant 2020年第10期13卷 1455-1469页

作者： Roland e.Schwarzenbacher grace Wardell Joost Stassen emily Guest Peijun Zhang estrella Luna Jurriaan Ton P3 Institute for Plant and Soil Biology Department of Animal and Plant SciencesThe University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

extemal and internal signals can prime the plant immune system for a faster and/or stronger response to pathogen attack.β-aminobutyric acid(BABA)is an endogenous stress metabolite that induces broad-spectrum disease resistance in *** perception in Arabidopsis is mediated by the aspartyl tRNA synthetase IBI1,which activates priming of multiple immune responses,including callose-associated cell wall defenses that are under control by abscisic acid(ABA).However,the immediate signaling components after BABA perception by IBI1,as well as the regulatory role of ABA therein,remain ***,we have studied the early signaling events controlling IBI1-dependent BABA-induced resistance(BABAIR),using untargeted transcriptome and protein interaction *** analysis revealed that IBI1-dependent expression of BABA-IR against the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is associated with suppression of ABA-inducible abiotic stress *** interaction studies identified the VOZ1 and VOZ2 transcription factors(TFs)as IBI1-interacting partners,which are transcrip-tionally induced by ABA but suppress pathogen-induced expression of ABA-dependent ***,we show that VOZ TFs require nuclear localization for their contribution to BABA-IR by mediating augmented expression of callose-associated ***,our study indicates that the IBI1-VOZ signaling module channels pathogen-induced ABA signaling toward cell wall defense while simultaneously suppressing abiotic stress-responsive genes.

关键词： IBI1 priming abscisic acid β-aminobutyric acid callose e-MTAB-8720

Women, Conflict and Politics： Assessing Margaret ekpo＇s Approach to Political emancipation and Liberation in Nigeria

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Sociology Study 2012年第4期2卷 252-260页

作者： Nonso N. Bisong e. e. Andrew-essien University of Calabar Nigeria

For generations, the potential of Nigerian women to contribute effectively to national development seems to be suppressed by many factors which cut across religious, environmental and cultural constraints. Consequently, women have strongly resolved to renegotiate their relevance through the adoption and utilization of various initiatives. At the forefront, one of these initiatives early in time was Margaret ekpo （1914-2006）, a Nigerian female political activist who unilaterally began radical movements in parts of Nigeria to transform the political consciousness of the Nigerian women, and to reverse gender-related inequalities in the country. This paper sets out to evaluate her approaches to what could be described as political re-engineering. It develops a framework drawing from theories of conflict resolution and the principles of liberalism and feminism. Findings show that despite of the limited formal education and political ideologies to which she was exposed to, she was able to rise above the prevailing challenges of her time to build a firm pedestal upon which many women politicians in Nigeria have stood to launch themselves to political limelight. The study concludes that the principles of liberalism and a desire to foster the political development of Nigeria account for Margaret ekpo＇s venture into the political field.

关键词： Margaret ekpo women conflict politics emancipation

Bioamendment of petroleum contaminated ultisol:effect on oil content, heavy metals and pH of tropical soil

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第1期13卷 92-98页

作者： e. D. Udosen 1, J. P. essien 2, R. M. Ubom 2 (1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Uyo, Nigeria 2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Uyo, Nigeria) University of Uyo 尼日利亚

The effect of organic amendments on the oil content, heavy metals concentration and pH of petroleum contaminated sandy loam ultisol obtained from Rumuekpe oil field in emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria was determined. Petroleum contaminated soils were treated with wood ash, compost and sawdust. The addition of organic amendments resulted in a significant(at 95% probability level) decrease in oil content by 92% for composting, 81% for soil treated with sawdust and 58% for soil with ash supplementation, over 6 months. The effect of treatments on the iron(Fe), copper(Cu) and lead(Pb) concentration was significant at P e remediation also affected the pH of soil. This initial pH of 5 6 was depressed by the application of compost and sawdust supplements respectively to a final pH of 5 2 and 5 3. On the other hand, amending the soil with wood ash raised the pH from 5 6 to 6 2. Increased acidity caused a decrease in the heavy metals concentration in the contaminated soil. Soil treatment with compost generally gave the best remediation results, followed by sawdust and then ash. Adjusting the pH of oil contaminated soil to high acidic levels may promote the availability and migration of heavy metals in remediated soils and not necessarily the rate of oil mineralization.

关键词： bioamendament tropical soil Nige