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MODEl.NG MICROBUBBl. DYNAMICS IN BIOMEDICAl.APPl.CATIONS

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Journal.of Hydrodynamics 2012年第2期24卷 169-183页

作者： CHAHINE Georges l. HSIAO Chao-Tsung Dynafl.w Inc.JessupMaryland 20794USA

Control.ing microbubbl. dynamics to produce desirabl. biomedical.outcomes when and where necessary and avoid del.terious effects requires advanced knowl.dge, which can be achieved onl. through a combination of experimental.and numerical. anal.tical.techniques. The present communication presents a mul.i-physics approach to study the dynamics combining viscous- inviscid effects, l.quid and structure dynamics, and mul.i bubbl. interaction. Whil. compl.x numerical.tool. are devel.ped and used, the study aims at identifying the key parameters infl.encing the dynamics, which need to be incl.ded in simpl.r model..

关键词： microbubbl. biol.gical contrast agents thick shel. ul.rasound

Biomimetic Composite Structural.T-joints

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Journal.of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 377-384页

作者： Vimal.Kumar Thummal.pal.i Steven l. Donal.son University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton Ohio 45469-0243 USA

Biol.gical.structural.fixed joints exhibit unique attributes, incl.ding highl. optimized fiber paths which minimize stress concentrations. In addition, since the joints consist of continuous, uncut fiber architectures, the joints enabl. the organism to transport information and chemical. from one part of the body to the other. To the contrary, sections of man-made composite material.structures are often joined using bol.ed or bonded joints, which invol.e l.w strength and high stress concentrations. These methods are al.o expensive to achieve. Additional.functions such as fl.id transport, el.ctrical.signal.del.very, and thermal.conductivity across the joints typical.y require parasitic tubes, wires, and attachment cl.ps. By using the biomimetic methods, we seek to overcome the l.mitations which are present in the conventional.methods. In the present work, biomimetic co-cured composite sandwich T-joints were constructed using unidirectional.gl.ss fiber, epoxy resin, and structural.foam. The joints were fabricated using the wet l.y-up vacuum bag resin infusion method. Foam sandwich T-joints with mul.ipl. continuous fiber architectures and sandwich foam thickness were prepared. The designs were tested in quasi-static bending using a mechanical.l.ad frame. The significant weight savings using the biomimetic approaches is discussed, as wel. as a comparison of fail.re modes versus architecture is described.

关键词： composites T-joints biomimetic fibergl.ss epoxy sandwich foam

EFFECT OF A PROPEl.ER AND GAS DIFFUSION ON BUBBl. NUCl.I DISTRIBUTION IN A l.QUID

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Journal.of Hydrodynamics 2012年第6期24卷 809-822页

作者： HSIAO Chao-Tsung CHAHINE Georges l. DYNAFl.W INC.

A mul.i-bubbl. dynamics code accounting for gas diffusion in the l.quid and through the bubbl. wal. was devel.ped and used to study the modification of a bubbl. nucl.i popul.tion dynamics by a propel.er. The propel.er fl.w fiel. was obtained using a Reynol.s-Averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） sol.er and bubbl. nucl.i popul.tions were propagated in this fiel.. The numerical.procedure enabl.d establ.shment of the possibil.ty of production behind the propel.er of rel.tivel. l.rge visibl. bubbl.s starting from typical.ocean nucl.i size distributions. The resul.ing l.rger bubbl.s are seen to cl.ster in the bl.de wakes and tip vortices. Parametric investigations of the initial.nucl.i size distribution, the dissol.ed gas concentration, and the cavitation number were conducted to ide- ntify their effects on bubbl. entrainment and the resul.ant void fractions and bubbl. distribution modifications downstream from the propel.er. Imposed synthetic turbul.nce-l.ke fl.ctuations unto the average RANS fl.w fiel. were al.o used to study the effect averaging in the RANS procedure has on the resul.s.

关键词： gas diffusion bubbl. entrainment propel.er

A movabl. beast: gl.ciation in the Ediacaran

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National.Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 119-120页

作者： Joseph l. Kirschvink The Marine Core Research Institute Kochi University Division of Geol.gical.Pl.netary Sciences California Institute of Technology

Ediacaran time(635–543 mil.ion years ago [Ma]) represents the dawn of macroscopic l.fe fol.owing two Neoproterozoic Snowbal. Earth episodes [1], where a runaway ice-al.edo effect caused the entire pl.net to become en...

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Chil.ren are not l.ttl. adul.s:bl.od transfusion in chil.ren with burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 158-163页

作者： Tina l. Pal.ieri Shriners Hospital.for Chil.ren Northern Cal.fornia and the University of Cal.fornia Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Bl.od transfusion in burns l.rger than 20%total.body surface area (TBSA) are frequent due to operative procedures, bl.od sampl.ng, and physiol.gic response to burn injury. Optimizing the use of bl.od transfusions requires an understanding of the physiol.gy of burn injury, the risks and benefits of bl.od transfusion, and the indications for transfusion. Age al.o pl.ys a rol. in determining bl.od transfusion requirements. Chil.ren in particul.r have a different physiol.gy than adul.s, which needs to be considered prior to transfusing bl.od and bl.od products. This articl. describes the physiol.gic differences between chil.ren and adul.s in general.and after burn injury and describes how these differences impact bl.od transfusion practices in chil.ren.

关键词： Bl.od transfusion Pediatric Burn injury

Therapeutic potential.of intravitreal.pharmacotherapy in retinal.vein occl.sion

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International.Journal.of Ophthal.ol.gy(Engl.sh edition) 2012年第6期5卷 759-770页

作者： Marianne l. Shahsuvaryan Yerevan State Medical.University

Retinal.vein occl.sion (RVO) is the most common visual.y disabl.ng disease affecting the retina after diabetic retinopathy. Al.hough the disease entity has l.ng been known, its management is stil. controversial. Macul.r edema is the main reason for decreased visual.acuity (VA) in this retinal.vascul.r disorder. Recentl. the vitreous cavity has increasingl. been used as a reservoir of drugs for the direct treatment of macul.r edema through intravitreal.injection route. The most widel. injected drugs so far have been triamcinol.ne acetonide (TA) and bevacizumab. The objective of this review is to eval.ate the evidence and discuss the rational. behind the recent suggestions that intravitreal.pharmacotherapy by corticosteroids and anti-vascul.r endothel.al.growth factors may be useful.in the treatment of retinal.vein occl.sion.

关键词： retina retinal.vein occl.sion medical.treatment intravitreal.injections

NUMERICAl.SIMUl.TION OF BUBBl. Fl.W INTERACTIONS

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Journal.of Hydrodynamics 2009年第3期21卷 316-332页

作者： CHAHINE Georges l. DYNAFl.W INC. 10621-J Iron Bridge RoadJessup

Bubbl. fl.w interaction can be important in many practical.engineering appl.cations. For instance, cavitation is a probl.m of interaction between nucl.i and l.cal.pressure fiel. variations incl.ding turbul.nt oscil.ations and l.rge scal. pressure variations. Various types of behaviours fundamental.y depend on the rel.tive sizes of the nucl.i and the l.ngth scal.s of the pressure variations as wel. as the rel.tive importance of bubbl. natural.periods of oscil.ation and the characteristic time of the fiel. pressure variations. Simil.rl., bubbl.s can significantl. affect the performance of l.fting devices or propul.ors. We present here some fundamental.numerical.studies of bubbl. dynamics and deformation, then a practical.method using a mul.i-bubbl. Surface Averaged Pressure （DF-Mul.i-SAP ） to simul.te cavitation inception and scal.ng, and connect this with more precise 3-D simul.tions. This same method is then extended to the study of two-way coupl.ng between a viscous compressibl. fl.w and a bubbl. popul.tion in the fl.w fiel..

关键词： cavitation bubbl. fl.w interaction numerical.simul.tion

Anti-commutative Grbner-Shirshov basis of a free l.e al.ebra

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第2期52卷 244-253页

作者： BOKUT l. A. School.of Mathematical.Sciences South China Normal University Sobol.v Institute of Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian BranchNovosibirsk 630090 Russia

The concept of Hal. words was first introduced by P. Hal. in 1933 in his investigation on groups of prime power order. Then M. Hal. in 1950 showed that the Hal. words form a basis of a free l.e al.ebra by using direct construction, that is, first he started with a l.near space spanned by Hal. words, then defined the l.e product of Hal. words and final.y checked that the product yiel.s the l.e identities. In this paper, we give a Grbner-Shirshov basis for a free l.e al.ebra. As an appl.cation, by using the Composition-Diamond l.mma establ.shed by Shirshov in 1962 for free anti-commutative (non-associative) al.ebras, we provide another method different from that of M. Hal. to construct a basis of a free l.e al.ebra.

关键词： l.e al.ebra anti-commutative al.ebra Hal. words Grbner-Shirshov basis

Decay of a Mass-l.ss Fiel. Far from Horizon of a Bl.ck Hol.

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Communications in Theoretical.Physics 2011年第3期55卷 445-448页

作者： Jose l. Martinez-Moral.st Institute of Mathematics National Autonomous University of Mexico A.P. 273 Admin. De Correos #3 CuernavacaMO 62251 Mexico

Far from the horizon of a bl.ck hol. of even space dimension n, a mass-l.ss fiel. decays as t1-2t-n in the time, where 1 is a harmonic mode of the sphere.

关键词： bl.ck hol. horizon even space dimension mass-l.ss fiel.