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Absence of Na^+/sugar cotransport activity in Barrett's metaplasia

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1365-1369页

作者： Lisa J Murray Owen Tully David S Rudolph Marysue Whitby Mary C Valenzano giancarlo mercogliano James J Thornton James M Mullin Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Saint Joseph's UniversityDepartment of BiologyPhiladelphiaPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of Medicine WynnewoodPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of MedicineWynnewoodPA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewood PA 19096United States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIM:To evaluate the presence of Na+-dependent, active, sugar transport in Barrett's epithelia as an intestinal biomarker, based on the well-documented, morphological intestinal phenotype of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: We examined uptake of the nonmeta- bolizable glucose analogue, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG), a substrate for the entire sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) family of transport proteins. During upper endoscopy, patients with BE or with uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) allowed for duodenal, gastric fundic, and esophageal mucosal biopsies to be taken. Biopsies were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered saline (KRB) containing 0.1 mmol/L 14C-AMG for 60 min at 20℃. Characterized by abundant SGLT, duodenum served as a positive control while gastric fundus and normal esophagus, known to lack SGLT, served as negative controls. RESULTS: Duodenal biopsies accumulated 249.84 ± 35.49 (SEM) picomoles AMG/μg DNA (n = 12), gastric fundus biopsies 36.20 ± 6.62 (n = 12), normal esophagus 12.10 ± 0.59 (n = 3) and Barrett's metaplasia 29.79 ± 5.77 (n = 8). There was a statistical difference (P < 0.01) between biopsies from duodenum and each other biopsy site but there was no statistically significant difference between normal esophagus and BE biopsies. 0.5 mmol/L phlorizin (PZ) inhibited AMG uptake into duodenal mucosa by over 89%, but had nosignificant effect on AMG uptake into gastric fundus, normal esophagus, or Barrett's tissue. In the absence of Na+ (all Na+ salts replaced by Li+ salts), AMG uptake in duodenum was decreased by over 90%, while uptake into gastric, esophageal or Barrett's tissue was statistically unaffected. CONCLUSION: Despite the intestinal enterocyte phenotype of BE, Na+-dependent, sugar transport activity is not present in these cells.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Cancer Biomarker Sodium glucose cotransporters Glucose transport Alphamethyl-D-glucoside Phlorizin Esophagus Metaplasia

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Zinc and gastrointestinal disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2014年第4期5卷 496-513页

作者： Sonja Skrovanek Katherine DiGuilio Robert Bailey William Huntington Ryan Urbas Barani Mayilvaganan giancarlo mercogliano James M Mullin Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Lankenau Medical CenterWynnewood PA 19096 United States Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Medical Center Wynnewood PA 19096 United States The Department of Medicine Lankenau Medical Center Wynnewood PA 19096 United States

This review is a current summary of the role that both zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation can play in the etiology and therapy of a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. The recent literature describing zinc action on gastrointestinal epithelial tight junctions and epithelial barrier function is described. Zinc enhancement of gastrointestinal epithelial barrier function may figure prominently in its potential therapeutic action in several gastrointestinal diseases.

关键词： Zinc Tight junction Nutrition Nutraceutical Micronutrient

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Transepithelial leak in Barrett's esophagus patients: The role of proton pump inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2793-2797页

作者： Christopher Farrell Melissa Morgan Owen Tully Kevin Wolov Keith Kearney Benjamin Ngo giancarlo mercogliano James J Thornton Mary Carmen Valenzano James M Mullin Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital Wynnewood PA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Wynnewood PA 19096 United States

AIM： To determine if the observed paracellular sucrose leak in Barrett＇s esophagus patients is due to their pro- ton pump inhibitor （PPI） use. METHODS： The in vivo sucrose permeability test was administered to healthy controls, to Barrett＇s patients and to non-Barrett＇s patients on continuous PPI thera- py. Degree of leak was tested for correlation with pres- ence of Barrett＇s, use of PPIs, and length of Barrett＇s segment and duration of PPI use. RESULTS： Barrett＇s patients manifested a near 3-fold greater, upper gastrointestinal sucrose leak than healthy controls. A decrease of sucrose leak was ob- served in Barrett＇s patients who ceased PPI use for 7 *** initial introduction of PPI use （in a PPI-na＇ive population） results in dramatic increase in sucrose leak, long-term, continuous PPI use manifested a slow spon- taneous decline in leak. The sucrose leak observed in Barrett＇s patients showed no correlation to the amount of Barrett＇s tissue present in the esophagus. CONCLUSION： Although future research is needed to determine the degree of paracellular leak in actual Barrett＇s mucosa, the relatively high degree of leak ob- served with in vivo sucrose permeability measurement of Barrett＇s patients reflects their PPI use and not their Barrett＇s tissue perse.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Sucrose Tight junc-tion Paracellular, Omeprazole Proton pump inhibitor Transepithelial

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Autonomous Vehicle Platoons In Urban Road Networks:A Joint Distributed Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 141-156页

作者： Luigi D’Alfonso Francesco Giannini Giuseppe Franzè Giuseppe Fedele Francesco Pupo giancarlo Fortino IEEE the Department of Computer Engineering ModelingElectronics and SystemsUniversitàdella CalabriaVia Pietro BucciCubo 42-CRende(CS)87036Italy the Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering and ManagementUniversitàdella CalabriaVia Pietro BucciCubo 42-CRende(CS)87036Italy

In this paper, platoons of autonomous vehicles operating in urban road networks are considered. From a methodological point of view, the problem of interest consists of formally characterizing vehicle state trajectory tubes by means of routing decisions complying with traffic congestion criteria. To this end, a novel distributed control architecture is conceived by taking advantage of two methodologies: deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control. On one hand, the routing decisions are obtained by using a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that exploits available traffic data at each road junction. On the other hand, a bank of model predictive controllers is in charge of computing the more adequate control action for each involved vehicle. Such tasks are here combined into a single framework:the deep reinforcement learning output(action) is translated into a set-point to be tracked by the model predictive controller;conversely, the current vehicle position, resulting from the application of the control move, is exploited by the deep reinforcement learning unit for improving its reliability. The main novelty of the proposed solution lies in its hybrid nature: on one hand it fully exploits deep reinforcement learning capabilities for decisionmaking purposes;on the other hand, time-varying hard constraints are always satisfied during the dynamical platoon evolution imposed by the computed routing decisions. To efficiently evaluate the performance of the proposed control architecture, a co-design procedure, involving the SUMO and MATLAB platforms, is implemented so that complex operating environments can be used, and the information coming from road maps(links,junctions, obstacles, semaphores, etc.) and vehicle state trajectories can be shared and exchanged. Finally by considering as operating scenario a real entire city block and a platoon of eleven vehicles described by double-integrator models, several simulations have been performed with the a

关键词： Distributed model predictive control distributed reinforcement learning routing decisions urban road networks

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Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 499-508页

作者： Jieping Wang Luthfia Dewi Yundong Peng Chien-Wen Hou Yanmin Song giancarlo Condello Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry University of TaipeiTianmu CampusTaipei 11153China Department of Emergency Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Nutrition Universitas Muhammadiyah SemarangSemarang 50273Indonesia School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 10084China Department of Medicine and Surgery University of ParmaParma 43126Italy

Background:The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established,even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine *** genetic variation of a specific gene,human cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2(CYP1A2)(rs762551),may be one reason for this *** systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CYP1A2 gene types on athletes’exercise performance after caffeine ***:A literature search through 4 databases(Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure)was conducted until March *** effect size was expressed as the weighted mean difference(WMD)by calculating fixed effects meta-analysis if heterogeneity was not significant(I^(2)≤50%and p≥0.1).Subgroup analyses were performed based on AA and AC/CC genotype of ***:The final number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was 12(n=666 participants).The overall analysis showed that the cycling time trial significantly improved after caffeine intake(WMD=-0.48,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.83 to-0.13,p=0.007).In subgroup analyses,acute caffeine intake improved cycling time trial only in individuals with the A allele(WMD=-0.90,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.33,p=0.002),but not the C allele(WMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.32 to 0.17,p=0.53).Caffeine supplementation did not influence the Wingate(WMD=8.07,95%CI:-22.04 to 38.18,p=0.60)or countermovement jump test(CMJ)performance(WMD=1.17,95%CI:-0.02 to 2.36,p=0.05),and these outcomes were not influenced by CYP1A2 ***:Participants with the CYP1A2 genotype with A allele improved their cycling time trials after caffeine ***,compared to placebo,acute caffeine supplementation failed to increase the Wingate or CMJ performance,regardless of CYP1A2 genotype.

关键词： Countermovement jump test Endurance Ergogenic aid Gene polymorphism Wingate

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High-repetition-rate source of nanosecond duration kA-current pulses driven by relativistic laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 106-115页

作者： Michael Ehret Jakub Cikhardt Philip Wykeham Bradford Iuliana-Mariana Vladisavlevici Tomas Burian Diego de Luis Jose Luis Henares Rubén Hernández Martín Jon Imanol Apiñaniz Roberto Lera JoséAntonio Pérez-Hernández João Jorge Santos giancarlo Gatti Centro de Láseres Pulsados(CLPU) VillamayorSpain Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Univ.Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA)UMR 5107TalenceFrance Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic

We report the first high-repetition-rate generation and simultaneous characterization of nanosecond-scale return currents of kA-magnitude issued by the polarization of a target irradiated with a PW-class high-repetition-rate titanium:sapphire laser system at relativistic *** present experimental results obtained with the VEGA-3 laser at intensities from5×10^(18)to 1.3×10^(20)W cm^(-2).A non-invasive inductive return-current monitor is adopted to measure the derivative of return currents of the order of kA ns-1and analysis methodology is developed to derive return *** compare the current for copper,aluminium and Kapton targets at different laser *** data show the stable production of current peaks and clear prospects for the tailoring of the pulse shape,which is promising for future applications in highenergy-density science,for example,electromagnetic interference stress tests,high-voltage pulse response measurements and charged particle beam *** compare the target discharge of the order of hundreds of nC with theoretical predictions and a good agreement is found.

关键词： current pulses electromagnetic pulse application high-power laser relativistic laser plasma

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Secondary rectal linitis plastica caused by prostatic adenocarcinoma-magnetic resonance imaging findings and dissemination pathways:A case report

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第9期16卷 473-481页

作者： Andres Antonio Labra giancarlo Schiappacasse Rolando Alfonso Cocio Jorge Tomás Torres Fernando Omar González Joaquin Alberto Cristi Marcela Schultz Department of Radiology Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago 7650568Región MetropolitanaChile Department of Pathology Clínica Alemana de SantiagoSantiago 7650568Región MetropolitanaChile

BACKGROUND Secondary rectal linitis plastica(RLP)from prostatic adenocarcinoma is a rare and poorly understood form of metastatic spread,characterized by a desmoplastic response and concentric rectal wall infiltration with mucosal *** complicates endoscopic diagnosis and can mimic gastrointestinal *** case series underscores the critical role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in identifying the distinct imaging features of RLP and highlights the importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of prostate *** SUMMARY Three patients with secondary RLP due to prostatic adenocarcinoma presented with varied clinical *** first patient,a 76-year-old man with advanced prostate cancer,had rectal pain and *** showed diffuse prostatic invasion and significant rectal wall thickening with a characteristic"target sign"*** second,a 57-year-old asymptomatic man with elevated prostatespecific antigen levels and a history of prostate cancer exhibited rectoprostatic angle involvement and rectal wall thickening on MRI,with positron emission tomography/computed tomography PSMA confirming the prostatic origin of the metastatic *** third patient,an 80-year-old post-radical prostatectomy,presented with refractory *** revealed a neoplastic mass infiltrating the rectal *** all cases,MRI consistently showed stratified thickening,concentric signal changes,restricted diffusion,and contrast enhancement,which were essential for diagnosing secondary *** confirmed the prostatic origin of the neoplastic involvement in the *** Recognizing MRI findings of secondary RLP is essential for accurate diagnosis and management in prostate cancer patients.

关键词： Rectal linitis plastica Prostatic adenocarcinoma Signet ring cell carcinoma Metastatic spread Magnetic resonance imaging Concentric wall infiltration Case report

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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Sequentially Cohen-Macaulay Mixed Product Ideals

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第2期22卷 223-232页

作者： giancarlo Rinaldo Dipartimento di Matematica Universita di MessinaViale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

We classify the ideals of mixed products that are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay.

关键词： mixed product ideal sequentially Cohen-Macaulay ring simplicial complex

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Ontology,Ontologies and the“I”of FAIR

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 181-191页

作者： giancarlo Guizzardi Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group(CORE) Free University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy

According to the FAIR guiding principles,one of the central attributes for maximizing the added value of information artifacts is *** this paper,I discuss the importance,and propose a characterization of the notion of Semantic ***,I show that a direct consequence of this view is that Semantic Interoperability cannot be achieved without the support of,on one hand,(i)ontologies,as meaning contracts capturing the conceptualizations represented in information artifacts and,on the other hand,of(ii)Ontology,as a discipline proposing formal meth-ods and theories for clarifying these conceptualizations and articulating their *** particular,I discuss the fundamental role of formal ontological theories(in the latter sense)to properly ground the construction of representation languages,as well as methodological and computational tools for supporting the engineering of ontologies(in the former sense)in the context of FAIR.

关键词： FAIR Semantic Interoperability Ontology ontologies

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