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Factors affecting technical efficiency of small-scale apple farms in Balochistan Plateau, Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第4期14卷 782-794页

作者： ghulam murtaza Gopal Bahadur THAPA Disaster Management and Development Studies University of Balochistan School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology

In Balochistan, Agriculture is dominated by small-scale farmers and the apple production sector is confronted with the chronic constraint of low output per unit of input. Although some agricultural policies have been implemented in this province, studies on effectiveness and impacts of such policies over apple production and farmers' performance are still limited. This study is an effort to bridge the research gap on this potential crop in the plateau by investigating technical and scale efficiency of 181 officially designated small-scale apple farmers in mountainous district Mastung in Balochistan; then explored factors that underlie differences in production inefficiency. A two-stage input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) methodology was employed to evaluate technical and scale efficiency followed by truncated bootstrapped regression framework to analyze the correlative determinants to efficiency. Average technical and scale efficiencies of larger landholders were higher than medium and small landholders. Analysis indicated that there is still ample scope for inefficient sample farmers to reduce the input use by 33% without compromising the given yield level. Maximum contributions to the total input savings were from the use of urea, farm yard manure(FYM) and labor-use. Farmer's experience, farm ownership, irrigation constraints, and farmer's access to trainings, credit and extension services significantly affected apple farmers' technical efficiency. Based on the findings of this study, strategies are suggested to enhancing efficiencies by farmers' capacity development through effective extension services and trainings and provision of adequate credit.

关键词： Small-scale apple farmers Technical efficiency Data envelopment analysis (DEA) Bootstrap Efficiency-improving resources Balochistan Plateau

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Painlevé integrability and a collection of new wave structures related to an important model in shallow water waves

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第7期75卷 70-80页

作者： Isma ghulam murtaza Nauman Raza Saima Arshed Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

This paper investigates the perturbed Boussinesq equation that emerges in shallow water *** perturbed Boussinesq equation describes the properties of longitudinal waves in bars,long water waves,plasma waves,quantum mechanics,acoustic waves,nonlinear optics,and other *** a result,the governing model has significant importance in its own *** singular manifold method and the unified methods are employed in the proposed model for extracting hyperbolic,trigonometric,and rational function *** solutions may be useful in determining the underlying context of the physical *** is worth noting that the executed methods are skilled and effective for examining nonlinear evaluation equations,compatible with computer algebra,and provide a wide range of wave *** addition to this,the Painlevétest is also used to check the integrability of the governing ***-dimensional and threedimensional plots are made to illustrate the physical behavior of the newly obtained exact *** makes the study of exact solutions to other nonlinear evaluation equations using the singular manifold method and unified technique prospective and deserving of further study.

关键词： soliton shallow water waves singular manifold method Painleve test

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Enviro-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Berberis lycium Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Efficacy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第1期27卷 75-80页

作者： Ansar Mehmood ghulam murtaza Tariq Mahmood Bhatti Rehana Kausar Department of Botany University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (UAJK)Muzaffarabad-13100Pakistan Department of Chemical and Material Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)Islamabad-45650Pakistan

In the present study, an enviro-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Berberis lycium Royle leaf extract and their antibacterial efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria were investigated. This biosynthesis technique is proved to be advantageous over physical and chemical methods as no toxic chemicals are used. The structural and morphological characterization was made by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were oval, rectangular, and spherical in shape, size ranges from 8 to 100 nm and exhibited an absorption peak at 458 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial effect toward tested bacteria. It is believed that these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can play a vital role in nano-based products in future.

关键词： Antibacterial Berberis lycium Enviro-friendly Silver nanoparticles

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Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium in normal and dehydrated rabbits

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药学学报 2009年第1期44卷 80-84页

作者： Mahmood AHMAD Muhammad IQBAL ghulam murtaza Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines the lslamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan

Two different salts of diclofenac,diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium,in tablet dosage form were tested for their bioavailability and disposition kinetics in a group of eighteen rabbits in normal and experimentally induced dehydrated conditions with a wash out period of 7 days between both stages of *** and physiological parameters were also measured in both normal and dehydrated *** levels in plasma were determined using a validated reversed phase HPLC *** kinetic parameters ***0-∞,Cmax,Tmax and other disposition kinetics were obtained with non-compartmental *** parameters *** cell volume,plasma glucose and total lipid concentration in dehydrated rabbits increased *** concentration of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium decreased significantly in water deprived *** comparison,diclofenac potassium in normal and dehydrated state of the same group of rabbits showed a significantly increased plasma concentration when compared with diclofenac sodium.

关键词：生物药效率药物动力学药物化学生物化学

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Pharmacokinetic modelling of microencapsulated metronidazole

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药学学报 2009年第6期44卷 674-679页

作者： Mahmood AHMAD Khalid PERVAIZ ghulam murtaza Munaza RAMZAN Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The aim of present study is to develop a pharmacokinetic model for microencapsulated metroni- dazole to predict drug absorption pattern in healthy human and validate this model internally. Metronidazole was microencapsulated into ethylcellulose shells followed by the conversion of these microcapsules into tablets. Dissolution study of tablets was conducted in 450 mL double distilled water, 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) maintained at (37 ± 0.5) ℃ using USP apparatus II at 50, 100 and 150 r·min-1. Three metronidazole tablets (T1: fast release, T2: moderate release, T3: slow release and reference) were administered to twenty four healthy human volunteers and serial blood samples were collected for 12 hours followed by their analysis using RP-HPLC. Drug release data were analyzed by various model dependent and independent approaches. Drug absorbed (%) was determined by Wagner-Nelson method from plasma concentration profile. Internal predictability was checked from Cmax and AUC. Optimum dissolution profile was observed in double distilled water and 50 r·min-1. A good level A correlation was observed between drug dissolution and absorption profiles (correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.900 9, 0.942 6, 0.901 5 and 0.932 for T1, T2, T3 and reference, respectively). Internal predictability was found less than 10%. Good correlation coefficients and low prediction errors elaborate the validity of this mathematical in-vitro in-vivo correlation model as a predictive tool for the determination of pharmacokinetics from dissolution data.

关键词：药物分析药物化学药物吸收磷酸盐缓冲液

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Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Ga1-xHoxN （x=0.0 and 0.05） Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Films

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2012年第3期25卷 313-317,373,374页

作者： ghulam murtaza Rai Muhammad Azhar Iqbal Yong-bing Xu lain Gordon Will Qasim Mahmood Department of Physics University of the Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan Spintronics Laboratory Department of Electronics The University of York York Y010 5DD UK

Holmium doped GaN diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique and subsequent ammonia annealing. X-ray diffraction mea- surements reveal all peaks belong to the purely hexagonal wurtzite structure. Surface mor- phology and composition analysis were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy respectively. The room temperature ferromagnetic proper- ties of Gal-xHoxN （x=0.0, 0.05） films were analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Magnetic measurements showed that the undoped films （i.e. GaN） exhibited diamagnetic behavior, while the Ho-doped （Gao.95Hoo.05N） film exhibited a ferro- magnetic behavior.

关键词： Diluted magnetic semiconductor Holmium doping X-ray diffraction Scan-ning electron microscopy Room temperature ferromagnetism

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Flow-injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Uric Acid in Urine via Prussian Blue Reaction

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2011年第6期27卷 929-933页

作者： WASEEM Amir YAQOOB Mohammad NABI Abdul murtaza ghulam HUSSAIN Izhar Department of Chemistry COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Chemistry University of Balochistan Department of Pharmacy COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

A simple and sensitive flow injection（FI） spectrophotometric method was reported for the determination of uric acid based on the reduction of Fe（III）/ferricyanide in the presence of uric acid. The in situ reduced ions reacted with unreduced portion of ferricyanide/Fe（III） to form soluble Prussian blue, which was monitored at an absorption wavelength of 735 nm. The optimized conditions allow a linear calibration graph in a concentration range of 1―100 μmol/L. The relative standard deviation was in a range of 0.5%―2.5%, with a detection limit（3σ blank） of 0.3 μmol/L and a sampling frequency of 60 injection/h was obtained. The effect of common substances present in human physiological fluids on the determination of uric acid was examined. The method was applied to determining uric acid in human urine samples with the recoveries in a range of 96%―105%. The results agree well with those by spectrophotometric reference method at a confidence level of 95%. Spectrophotometric procedures for uric acid determination in clinical samples were reviewed briefly.

关键词： Flow injection analysis Spectrophotometry Uric acid Prussian blue Urine

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OffSig-SinGAN: A Deep Learning-Based Image Augmentation Model for Offline Signature Verification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1267-1289页

作者： M.Muzaffar Hameed Rodina Ahmad Laiha Mat Kiah ghulam murtaza Noman Mazhar Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur46400Malaysia Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Sukkur Institute of Business Administration UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan

Offline signature verification(OfSV)is essential in preventing the falsification of *** learning(DL)based OfSVs require a high number of signature images to attain acceptable ***,a limited number of signature samples are available to train these models in a real-world *** researchers have proposed models to augment new signature images by applying various ***,on the other hand,have used human neuromotor and cognitive-inspired augmentation models to address the demand for more signature ***,augmenting a sufficient number of signatures with variations is still a challenging *** study proposed OffSig-SinGAN:a deep learning-based image augmentation model to address the limited number of signatures problem on offline signature *** proposed model is capable of augmenting better quality signatures with diversity from a single signature image *** is empirically evaluated on widely used public datasets;*** quality of augmented signature images is assessed using four metrics like pixel-by-pixel difference,peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),structural similarity index measure(SSIM),and frechet inception distance(FID).Furthermore,various experiments were organised to evaluate the proposed image augmentation model’s performance on selected DL-based OfSV systems and to prove whether it helped to improve the verification accuracy *** results showed that the proposed augmentation model performed better on the GPDSsyntheticSignature dataset than other augmentation *** improved verification accuracy rate of the selected DL-based OfSV system proved the effectiveness of the proposed augmentation model.

关键词： Signature forgery detection offline signature verification deep learning image augmentation generative adversarial networks

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Framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking control of gasoline engines using the first principle-based engine model

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第4期10卷 560-571页

作者： Raheel Anjum Ahmed Yar ghulam murtaza Qadeer Ahmed Aamer I.Bhatti Controls and Signal Processing Research Group(CASPR) Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of E&MENational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Center for Automotive Research The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Optimal engine torque management,a fundamental objective,depends predominantly on engine speed tracking *** ensures to attain desired speed profile in the presence of uncertainties,disturbances and *** the other hand,certain requirements such as emissions control,fuel efficiency and drivability are degraded in case of poorspeed ***,constraints on engine speed tracking performance are even more stringent for hybrid power-train architecture as crankshaft speed and engine torque are the basic variables for coordinated *** tracking is also considered essential for gearshift control ofthe automatic *** this research work,a framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking of the gasoline engine is proposed using the First Principle-based Engine Model(FPEM).A high-fidelity direct relationship between fuel injection input and engine speed is derived by the transformation of *** is induced in the fuel injection subsystem to generate the torque *** the proposed framework,a second-order sliding mode-based control technique is applied to track desired speed profile by mitigating the faultsin the fuel injection *** data acquired from the engine test rig is used to demonstrate the offline validity and fault tolerance capabilities of the proposed framework in MATLAB/Simulink.

关键词： Engine speed tracking fault-tolerant control gasoline engines sliding mode control

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毛细管柱上反应研究氨基酸修饰肽核酸与蛋白质的相互作用

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分析化学 2018年第12期46卷 1895-1903页

作者：王晓倩 ghulam murtaza 朱超屈锋北京理工大学生命学院

肽核酸（PNA）是一种由碱基和电中性的肽骨架组成的核酸类似物。相比核酸,PNA在体内具有更高的生物稳定性,具有成为蛋白质探针的潜能。在PNA骨架上引入氨基酸,可以提高其水溶性和细胞通透性,但也可能影响其与蛋白质的相互作用。本研究... 详细信息

肽核酸（PNA）是一种由碱基和电中性的肽骨架组成的核酸类似物。相比核酸,PNA在体内具有更高的生物稳定性,具有成为蛋白质探针的潜能。在PNA骨架上引入氨基酸,可以提高其水溶性和细胞通透性,但也可能影响其与蛋白质的相互作用。本研究以含有凝血酶15-mer适配体相同碱基序列的15-mer PNA为模型,分别在其骨架N-末端修饰两个赖氨酸和谷氨酸形成（Lys）2-PNA和（Glu）2-PNA、建立了毛细管柱上反应方法,用于快速比较（Lys）2-PNA和（Glu）2-PNA与3种蛋白质人凝血酶（THB）、单链DNA结合蛋白（SSB）和人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用,评估修饰的PNA与蛋白结合的亲和力和特异性。并比较了（Lys）2-PNA和（Glu）2-PNA与含有互补碱基序列的（Lys）2-c PNA和（Glu）2-c PNA与THB的相互作用差异。毛细管柱上反应结果表明,（Lys）2-PNA和（Glu）2-PNA与3种蛋白的相互作用强弱均为THB>SSB>HSA,但（Lys）2-PNA和（Lys）2-c PNA与THB的结合能力相近,（Glu）2-PNA与THB的结合较（Glu）2-c PNA更强。利用亲和毛细管电泳法测定了（Glu）2-PNA与3种蛋白的亲和常数Kb。毛细管柱上反应无需样品孵育,分析快速简便,成本低,可用于蛋白质的PNA探针相互作用分析,以及辅助PNA探针的设计表征。

关键词：毛细管柱上反应相互作用肽核酸蛋白质亲和常数

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