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Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol increases tibial mass by suppression bone resorption in meat ducks

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 467-479页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Qiufeng Zeng shiping Bai Jianping Wang Xuemei Ding Yue Xuan Zhuowei su gergory s.fraley Bing Yao Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China Biology Department Hope CollegeHolland49423USA DsM(China)Ltd. PuDong New AreaShanghai201203China

Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks,leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous *** hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density(LND)diet probably reverses these skeletal *** indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol(25-OH-D3),a vitamin D3 metabolite,is effective in treating bone-related ***,Exp.1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D3 on tibial mass of meat *** meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet(containing a regular vitamin regimen)without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 *** results showed that 25-OH-D3 supplementation improved the mineral content,microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias,and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes ***,Exp.2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens(regular and high).Ducklings were allocated to a 2*2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND *** high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular *** results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals *** mineral content,microarchitecture,and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation;However,these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin *** conclude,25-OH-D3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks,and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.

关键词： Vitamin D_(3)metabolites Vitamin Bone turnover Tibial mass Meat duck

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serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiome alterations are associated with cholesterol deposition in the liver of laying hens fed with rapeseed meal

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1258-1270页

作者： Liping Zhu Jianping Wang Xuemei Ding shiping Bai Qiufeng Zeng Yue Xuan Gregory s.fraley Keying Zhang Animal Nutrition Institute Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China Department of Biology Hope CollegeHollandMI49423USA

sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal *** metabolite,trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fat deposition in *** fed with rapeseed meal(RsM)suffered from fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome(FLHs).This study was conducted to investigate whether RsM-induced fatty liver is due to TMAO via altering microbiota composition and *** 33 weeks of age,600 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups,namely control and 14%RsM treatment groups(DY5,with 16.2% erucic acid [EA]and 74.66% glucosinolate[Gl]contents;MB1,with 3.50% EA and 43.23 %Gl contents;DY6,with 6.7% EA and 22.67% Gl contents;XH3,with 44.60% EA and 132.83% Gl contents)for 8 *** revealed that 3 hens died due to liver hemorrhage after ingesting 14% RsM *** 14% RsM decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content(Pse serum TMAO content compared to the control group(P=0.08).The 14% RsM diet increased red oil O optical density(Psed total cholesterol(TC)and LDL-C content in the liver(Pspectively).The 14%RsM decreased liver total bile acid(TBA)content compared to the control(PsM decreased mRNA abundance of liver X receptors alpha(LXR-α,P=0.01),and increased mRNA abundance of sterol response element binding protein 2(sREBP-2,P=0.04).Results revealed that the in-feed RsM could alter richness and diversity of cecal microbiota compared to the control(Pserum TMAO showed a negative relationship with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria(P=0.04).In conclusion,14%RsM increased liver TC and induced high liver score of FLHs,which was possibly associated with the altered cecal microbiota composition,increased serum TMAO levels and LXR-αand sREBP-2 expressions.

关键词： sinapine Expeller rapeseed meal Trimethylamine N-oxide Liver lipid Cecum microbiota Laying hen

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Cross-reactive antibody immunity against sARs-CoV-2 in children and adults

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1826-1828页

作者： Elizabeth fraley Cas LeMaster Dithi Banerjee santosh Khanal Rangaraj selvarangan Todd Bradley Genomic Medicine Center Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMOUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)is a novel beta-coronavirus that has emerged and caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).1,2 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are age dependent,with children appearing to be less vulnerable than adults to severe disease.3,4 It has been reported that a subset of children and adults without previous infection had higher levels of humoral and cellular immunity to sARs-CoV-2,which may influence disease severity.5,6,7,8 Another study found that children who had never been exposed to sARs-CoV-2 had higher levels of cross-reactive antibodies to the spike glycoprotein subunit s2 of sARs-CoV-2 than adults.9 These findings raise the hypothesis that children may have a higher degree of preexisting cross-reactive immunity that provides some level of protection from severe *** this study,we determined antibody responses to sARs-CoV-2 in adults after infection and compared these responses in both children and adults with no prior exposure to ***,we mapped antibody epitopes elicited after infection,and cross-reactive antibody epitopes without prior sARs-CoV-2 infection,at high resolution using sARs-CoV-2 spike protein peptide arrays.

关键词： immunity children finding

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转基因作物

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世界科学 1992年第11期 13-15页

作者： Cearles s.Gasser Robert T.fraley 江世亮

人类在改良粮食作物方面至少已作了10,000年的努力,早期的朝作者通过贮藏有用作物的种子来改善作物的品种。在上一世纪,这种世代延续的植物育种方法已经十分完善,而在作物方面堪称重大改良的举措则归功于对同种的不同个体进行的成功的... 详细信息

人类在改良粮食作物方面至少已作了10,000年的努力,早期的朝作者通过贮藏有用作物的种子来改善作物的品种。在上一世纪,这种世代延续的植物育种方法已经十分完善,而在作物方面堪称重大改良的举措则归功于对同种的不同个体进行的成功的杂交育种。其后更进一步,专家们又成功地对同一品系的不相容种作了性杂交。今天,由于遗传工程的问世,开发

关键词：遗传工程技术杂草细胞壁植物遗传工程作物原生质体植物细胞聚集素孟山都植物生长基因表达 DNA

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