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Tropical cyclogenesis:Controlling factors and physical mechanisms

Tropical Cyclone research and review 2023年第3期12卷 165-181页

作者： V.P.M.rajasree Xi Cao Hamish ramsay Kelly M.Nú~nez Ocasio Gerard Kilroy george r.alvey iii Minhee Chang Chaehyeon Chelsea Nam Hironori Fudeyasu Hsu-Feng Teng Hui Yu India Meteorological Department GoaIndia Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina CSIrO EnvironmentAspendaleVictoriaAustralia National Center for Atmospheric research ColoradoUSA Institut f¨ur Physik der Atmosph¨are Deutsches Zentrum f¨ur Luft-undBerlinGermany Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane research Division MiamiFloridaUSA Korea Institute of Science and Technology SeoulRepublic of Korea Colorado State University ColoradoUSA Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan National Center for Atmospheric research/Pacific Science Association ColoradoUSA Shanghai Typhoon Institute/China Meteorological Administration ShanghaiChina

In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).Observational,theoretical,and numerical modeling studies published in recent years have advanced our knowledge on the influence of large-scale environmental factors on ***,studies have shown clearly that appropriate convective coupling with tropical equatorial waves enhances the development chances of *** recently,illuminating research has been carried out on analyzing the mechanisms by which oscillations and teleconnections(El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in particular)modulate TCG globally,in association with changes in the sea surface temperature(SST).In addition to this,recent research has diligently addressed different aspects of *** studies have reported the applicability of unified theories and physical mechanisms of TCG in different ocean ***,research has been carried out on TCG under different flow pattern regimes,dry air intrusion,importance of marsupial pouch,genesis of Medicanes,wind shear,convection and vertical ***,studies have discussed the possibility of near equatorial TCG provided that there is enough supply of background vertical vorticity and relatively low vertical wind *** has been made to understand the role of climate change on global and regional ***,there are still significant gaps which need to be addressed in order to better understand TCG prediction.

关键词： Tropical cyclogenesis AEW ENSO SST Marsupial pouch Dry air intrusion Moderate shear Convection Near equatorial TCG Climate change

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robotic-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testicular cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 121-127页

作者： george McClintock Ahmed S.Goolam Don Perera ryan Downey Scott Leslie Peter Grimison Henry Woo Peter Ferguson Nariman Ahmadi Department of Urology Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Anaesthesia Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006Australia Department of Medical Oncology Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular ***:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our *** were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological *** statistics are ***:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior *** median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQr]240-315)*** blood loss was 100(IQr 50-175)*** length of stay was 2(range 1-11)*** robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day *** median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQr 38-51)*** patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory *** patient had a Clavien-Dindo iii complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQr 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had ***:robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low *** oncological outcomes are *** cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.

关键词： retroperitoneal lymph node dissection robotic surgery Testicular cancer retroperitoneal node dissection

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Update on Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: A review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第3期10卷 515-521页

作者： Jaimy Villavicencio Kim george Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction(SOD)encompasses a spectrum of clinical syndromes that are not fully understood,and various diagnostic and therapeutic methods have had varying results depending on the type of *** review explored various mechanisms that might play a role in SOD and methods of diagnosis and *** is important to rule out other causes of abdominal pain with laboratory testing,imaging studies,and endoscopic *** that affect sphincter motility should be identified as *** is the gold standard for diagnosis but it is not always *** example,patients with type I SOD may have symptomatic improvement with sphincterotomy without need for a diagnostic *** scintigraphy and fatty meal sonography may also have diagnostic *** is not always effective for symptomatic improvement in type II and iii *** therapies with calcium channel blockers and botulinum toxin have been studied and might be considered as options after discussing the risks and benefits with the patients.

关键词： Sphincter of Oddi Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Common bile duct Manometry Sphincterotomy

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3种平台Delta-Omicron嵌合rBD二聚体新型冠状病毒疫苗的免疫原性头对头比较

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科学通报 2024年第10期69卷 1351-1360页

作者：杨康吉徐坤张丽君韩雨旋周东明夏乾峰戴连攀高福海南医学院热带医学院热带转化医学教育部重点实验室海口571199 中国科学院北京生命科学研究院免疫与健康联合研究中心北京100101 中国科学院微生物研究所中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室北京100101 天津医科大学基础医学院天津300070

新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)在全球范围内流行,对公共卫生和人民生命健康造成了巨大威胁,新冠病毒疫苗的研发和使用对预防疾病和控制疫情起到了关键作用.基于包括重组蛋白亚单位、病毒载体、mrNA脂纳米颗粒在内的多种技术平台开发的疫苗都... 详细信息

新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)在全球范围内流行,对公共卫生和人民生命健康造成了巨大威胁,新冠病毒疫苗的研发和使用对预防疾病和控制疫情起到了关键作用.基于包括重组蛋白亚单位、病毒载体、mrNA脂纳米颗粒在内的多种技术平台开发的疫苗都获得了使用.然而,由于抗原设计的差异、免疫剂量和注射间隔的差别,不同疫苗平台之间的免疫效果无法直接比较.因此,本研究以Delta-Omicron嵌合rBD二聚体为免疫原,对广泛使用的3个疫苗平台(重组蛋白亚单位疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗和mrNA疫苗)进行了免疫原性头对头比较,通过小鼠模型比较了它们同源接种和序贯接种所诱导的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应的差异.结果显示,小鼠在免疫同源的两剂疫苗后,m rNA疫苗诱导的结合抗体和中和抗体滴度都最高,其次分别是重组蛋白亚单位疫苗和腺病毒载体疫苗;异源加强免疫的结果显示,不管是以重组蛋白亚单位疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗或者mrNA疫苗初免,以mrNA疫苗作为第2针加强免疫均能诱导更强的体液免疫反应.此外,在疫苗激发的细胞免疫方面,mrNA疫苗诱导了较强的CD4^(+)T细胞反应,腺病毒载体疫苗诱导了较强的CD8^(+)T细胞反应,而亚单位疫苗刺激的细胞免疫反应以CD4^(+)T细胞为主,但在强度上较弱.本研究具有重要的应用价值,为未来新一代的新冠病毒疫苗研发和接种策略提供了指导.

关键词：新型冠状病毒亚单位疫苗腺病毒载体疫苗 m rNA疫苗抗体 T细胞

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Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients with traumatic injuries

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第4期4卷 307-315页

作者： roland N.Dickerson Jonathan r.Van Cleve Joseph M.Swanson george O.Maish iii Gayle Minard Martin A.Croce rex O.Brown Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science Center881 Madison AvenueSuite 345Memphis 38163TNUSA Department of Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center910 Madison Avenue2nd FloorMemphis 38163TNUSA

Background:Vitamin D depletion has been associated with increased rate of infections,lengthened hospital stay,and worsened mortality for critically ill *** purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and variables associated with vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients with severe traumatic ***:Critically ill adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit(ICU)between June 2013 and June 2014,referred to the nutrition support service for enteral or parenteral nutrition,and had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH vitamin D)concentration determination were retrospectively *** were stratified as vitamin D sufficient,insufficient,deficient,or severely deficient based on a 25-OH vitamin D concentration of 30–80,20–29.9,13.1–19.9,and≤13 ng/mL,***:One hundred and twenty-one patients out of 158(76%)patients were vitamin D deficient or severely ***-one patients(20%)were insufficient and 6(4%)had a normal 25-OH vitamin D concentration.25-OH vitamin D was determined 7.5±5.1 days after ICU ***-Americans had a greater proportion of patients with deficiency or severe deficiency compared to other races(91 versus 64%,P=0.02).Penetrating gunshot or knife stab injury,African-American race,and obesity(elevated body mass index)were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency or severe deficiency:Or 9.23(1.13,75.40),4.0(1.4,11.58),and 1.12(1.03,1.23),Prity of critically ill patients with traumatic injuries exhibit vitamin D deficiency or severe *** injuries,African-American race,and obesity are significant risk factors for *** of injury,extent of inflammation(elevated C-reactive protein concentration),or hospital admission during the winter season did not significantly influence the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

关键词： Vitamin D Deficiency Depletion Trauma Injury Parenteral nutrition Enteral nutrition African-American Obesity

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repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points

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Neural regeneration research 2023年第12期18卷 2564-2568页

作者： JuliAnne E.Allgood george D.Bittner Jared S.Bushman Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

The peripheral nervous system has an extensive branching organization, and peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points present a complex challenge for clinical repair. Ablations of linear segments of the PNS have been extensively studied and routinely treated with autografts, acellular nerve allografts, conduits, wraps, and nerve transfers. In contrast, segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries, in which one or more branch points are ablated so that there are three or more nerve endings, present additional complications that have not been rigorously studied or documented. This review discusses:(1) the branched anatomy of the peripheral nervous system,(2) case reports describing how peripheral nerve injuries with branched ablations have been surgically managed,(3) factors known to influence regeneration through branched nerve structures,(4) techniques and models of branched peripheral nerve injuries in animal models, and(5) conclusions regarding outcome measures and studies needed to improve understanding of regeneration through ablated branched structures of the peripheral nervous system.

关键词： allograft animal model branched injuries femoral nerve peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system regeneration repair sciatic nerve surgical repair

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Multifunctional GelMA platforms with nanomaterials for advanced tissue therapeutics

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第2期7卷 267-295页

作者： Amal george Kurian rajendra KSingh Kapil DPatel Jung-Hwan Lee Hae-Won Kim Institute of Tissue regeneration Engineering(ITrEN) Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science&BK21 NBM Global research Center for regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering UCL Eastman Dental InstituteLondonWC1X8LDUK Department of Biomaterials Science School of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea Cell&Matter Institute Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea Department of regenerative Dental Medicine College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea Mechanobiology Dental Medicine research Center Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea

Polymeric hydrogels are fascinating platforms as 3D scaffolds for tissue repair and delivery systems of therapeutic molecules and *** others,methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)has become a representative hydrogel formulation,finding various biomedical *** efforts on GelMA-based hydrogels have been devoted to combining them with bioactive and functional nanomaterials,aiming to provide enhanced physicochemical and biological properties to *** benefits of this approach are multiple:i)reinforcing mechanical properties,ii)modulating viscoelastic property to allow 3D printability of bio-inks,iii)rendering electrical/magnetic property to produce electro-/magneto-active hydrogels for the repair of specific tissues(e.g.,muscle,nerve),iv)providing stimuli-responsiveness to actively deliver therapeutic molecules,and v)endowing therapeutic capacity in tissue repair process(e.g.,antioxidant effects).The nanomaterial-combined GelMA systems have shown significantly enhanced and extraordinary behaviors in various tissues(bone,skin,cardiac,and nerve)that are rarely observable with *** we systematically review these recent efforts in nanomaterials-combined GelMA hydrogels that are considered as next-generation multifunctional platforms for tissue *** approaches used in GelMA can also apply to other existing polymeric hydrogel systems.

关键词： GelMA hydrogel Nanomaterials Multifunctional Therapeutics Tissue repair

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Na^+/K^+-ATPase β1 subunit interacts with M2 proteins of influenza A and B viruses and affects the virus replication

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1098-1105页

作者： GAO george Fu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Interplay between the host and influenza virus has a pivotal role for the outcome of *** matrix proteins M2/BM2 from influenza (A and B) viruses are small type iii integral membrane proteins with a single transmembrane domain,a short amino-terminal ectodomain and a long carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic *** function as proton channels,mainly forming a membrane-spanning pore through the transmembrane domain tetramer,and are essential for virus assembly and release of the viral genetic materials in the endosomal fusion ***,little is known about the host factors which interact with M2/BM2 proteins and the functions of the long cytoplasmic domain are currently *** with yeast two-hybrid screening and applying a series of experiments we identified that the β1 subunit of the host Na+/K+-ATPase β1 subunit (ATP1B1) interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of both the M2 and BM2 proteins.A stable ATP1B1 knockdown MDCK cell line was established and we showed that the ATP1B1 knockdown suppressed influenza virus A/WSN/33 replication,implying that the interaction is crucial for influenza virus replication in the host *** propose that influenza virus M2/BM2 cytoplasmic domain has an important role in the virus-host interplay and facilitates virus replication.

关键词： influenza virus M2 protein Na+/K+-ATPase β1 subunit interaction virus replication

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Household air pollution and lung cancer in China:a review of studies in Xuanwei

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第10期33卷 471-475页

作者： Wei Jie Seow Wei Hu roel Vermeulen H.Dean Hosgood iii george S.Downward robert S.Chapman Xingzhou He Bryan A.Bassig Christopher Kim Cuiju Wen Nathaniel rothman Qing Lan Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health Institute for risk Assessment Sciences Division of Environmental EpidemiologyUtrecht University Department of Epidemiology & Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine College of Public Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to high rates of lung cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a higher risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among existing coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity.

关键词：空气污染家用空调肺癌中国固体燃料公共卫生问题世界人口无烟煤

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Interfacial Strategies for Smart Slippery Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： Glen McHale rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar Gary george Wells Smart Materials&Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice *** we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet *** biomimetic strategies are included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew,and(iii)converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher *** further strategies are,(iv)converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect,and(v)converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating(SOCAL).Using these approaches,we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and ***,we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle,be positioned using a Cheerios effect,transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner,and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat *** conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIPS liquid marbles leidenfrost SOCAL

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