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Text Extraction and Enhancement of Binary Images Using Cellular Automata

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2009年第3期6卷 254-260页

作者： g. Sahoo Tapas Kumar B. L. Raina C. M. Bhatia Department of Information Technology Birla Institute of Technology Department of Information Technology Lingaya s University Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

Text characters embedded in images represent a rich source of information for content-based indexing and retrieval applications. However, these text characters are difficult to be detected and recognized due to their various sizes, grayscale values, and complex backgrounds. Existing methods cannot handle well those texts with different contrast or embedded in a complex image background. In this paper, a set of sequential algorithms for text extraction and enhancement of image using cellular automata are proposed. The image enhancement includes gray level, contrast manipulation, edge detection, and filtering. First, it applies edge detection and uses a threshold to filter out for low-contrast text and simplify complex background of high-contrast text from binary image. The proposed algorithm is simple and easy to use and requires only a sample texture binary image as an input. It generates textures with perceived quality, better than those proposed by earlier published techniques. The performance of our method is demonstrated by presenting experimental results for a set of text based binary images. The quality of thresholding is assessed using the precision and recall analysis of the resultant text in the binary image.

关键词： Text extraction edge detection cellular automata algorithm text detection thresholding.

Infiltrative xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking aggressive gallbladder carcinoma: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8671-8678页

作者： Lucas Souto Nacif Amelia Judith Hessheimer Sonia Rodríguez gómez Carla Montironi Constantino Fondevila Department of Surgery Institut de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques(IMDM)Hospital Clínic CIBERehd IDIBAPSUniversity of Barcelona Department of Radiology Hospital Clínic Department of Pathology Hospital Clínic

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(XgC) is an uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis. The perioperative findings in aggressive cases may be indistinguishable from those of gallbladder or biliary tract carcinomas. Three patients presented mass lesions that infiltrated the hepatic hilum,provoked biliary dilatation and jaundice,and were indicative of malignancy. Surgical excision was performed following oncological principles and included extirpation of the gallbladder,extrahepatic bile duct,and hilar lymph nodes,as well as partial hepatectomy. Postoperative morbidity was minimal. Surgical pathology demonstrated XgC and absence of malignancy in all three cases. All three patients are alive and well after years of follow-up. XgC may have such an aggressive presentation that carcinoma may only be ruled out on surgical pathology. In such cases,the best option may be radical resection following oncological principles performed by expert surgeons,in order that postoperative complications may be minimized if not avoided altogether.

关键词： Hepaticojejuostomy Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis gallbladder carcinoma Hepatectomy Hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Continuous live cell imaging of cellulose attachment by microbes under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions using confocal microscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 849-856页

作者： Zhi-Wu Wang Seung-Hwan Lee James g.Elkins Yongchao Li Scott Hamilton-Brehm Jennifer L.Morrell-Falvey BioEnergy Science Center Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA College of Food Agricultural and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State University1328 Dover RdWoosterOH 44691USA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Biomass Refinery Research CenterHiroshimaJapan Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 200-701Korea

Live cell imaging methods provide important insights into the dynamics of cellular processes that cannot be derived easily from population-averaged *** the bioenergy field,much research is focused on fermentation of cellulosic biomass by thermophilic microbes to produce biofuels;however,little effort is dedicated to the development of imaging tools to monitor this dynamic biological *** is,in part,due to the experimental challenges of imaging cells under both anaerobic and thermophilic *** an imaging system is described that integrates confocal microscopy,a flow cell device,and a lipophilic dye to visualize *** to technical obstacles regarding suitable fluorescent markers,photodamage during imaging,and maintenance of environmental conditions during imaging are *** system was utilized to observe cellulose colonization by Clostridium thermocellum under anaerobic conditions at 60℃.This method enables live cell imaging of bacterial growth under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions and should be widely applicable to visualizing different cell types or processes in real time.

关键词： thermophile lipophilic dye cellulose biofuel confocal laser scanning microscopy biofilm

Effects of Vapor Pressure and Super-Hydrophobic Nanocomposite Coating on Microelectronics Reliability

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Engineering 2015年第3期1卷 384-390页

作者： Xuejun Fan Liangbiao Chen C.P.Wong Hsing-Wei Chu g.Q.Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering Lamar University State Key Laboratory of Solid State Lighting School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Tech Delft University of Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences

Modeling vapor pressure is crucial for studying the moisture reliability of microelectronics, as high vapor pressure can cause device failures in environments with high temperature and humidity. To minimize the impact of vapor pressure, a super-hydrophobic(SH) coating can be applied on the exterior surface of devices in order to prevent moisture penetration. The underlying mechanism of SH coating for enhancing device reliability, however, is still not fully understood. In this paper, we present several existing theories for predicting vapor pressure within microelectronic materials. In addition, we discuss the mechanism and effectiveness of SH coating in preventing water vapor from entering a device, based on experimental results. Two theoretical models, a micro-mechanics-based whole-field vapor pressure model and a convection-diffusion model, are described for predicting vapor pressure. Both methods have been successfully used to explain experimental results on uncoated samples. However, when a device was coated with an SH nanocomposite, weight gain was still observed, likely due to vapor penetration through the SH surface. This phenomenon may cast doubt on the effectiveness of SH coatings in microelectronic devices. Based on current theories and the available experimental results, we conclude that it is necessary to develop a new theory to understand how water vapor penetrates through SH coatings and impacts the materials underneath. Such a theory could greatly improve microelectronics reliability.

关键词： vapor pressure moisture semiconductor reliability microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating

Effect of vanadium and chromium on the microstructural features of V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1096-1108页

作者： V.g.Efremenko K.Shimizu A.P.Cheiliakh T.V.Kozarevskaya K.Kusumoto K.Yamamoto Department of Metal Science and Heat Treatment of Metals Pryazovskyi State Technical UniversityMariupol 87500 Ukraine Manufacturing and Engineering Design Center Muroran Institute of TechnologyMuroran 050-8585 Japan

The objective of this investigation is to study the influence of vanadium（5.0wt%–10.0wt%） and chromium（0–9.0wt%） on the microstructure and hardness of Cr-V-Mn-Ni white cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides. The alloys＇ microstructural features are presented and discussed with regard to the distribution of phase elements. The structural constituents of the alloys are spheroidal VC, proeutectoid cementite, ledeburite eutectic, rosette-shaped carbide eutectic（based on M7C3）, pearlite, martensite, and austenite. Their combinations and area fraction（AF） ratios are reported to be influenced by the alloys＇ chemical composition. Spheroidized VC particles are found to be sites for the nucleation of carbide eutectics. Cr and V are shown to substitute each other in the VC and M7C3 carbides, respectively. Chromium alloying leads to the formation of a eutectic（γ-Fe ＋ М7С3）, preventing the appearance of proeutectoid cementite in the structure. Vanadium and chromium are revealed to increase the total carbide fraction and the amount of austenite in the matrix. Cr is observed to play a key role in controlling the metallic matrix microstructure.

关键词： cast irons carbides microstructure vanadium chromium austenite pearlite

Selection of appropriate analytical tools to determine the potency and bioactivity of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第4期6卷 207-213页

作者： Nishant A.Dafale Uttam P.Semwal Rupak K.Rajput g.N.Singh Microbiology Division Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission

Antibiotics are the chemotherapeutic agents that kill or inhibit the pathogenic *** of microorganism to antibiotics is a growing problem around the world due to indiscriminate and irrational use of *** order to overcome the resistance problem and to safely use antibiotics,the correct measurement of potency and bioactivity of antibiotics is *** assay and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method are used to quantify the potency of *** method is commonly used for the quantification of potency of antibiotics,but unable to determine the bioactivity;whereas microbiological assay estimates both potency and bioactivity of ***,bioassay is used to estimate the effective dose against antibiotic resistant ***,microbiological assay addresses the several parameters such as minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）,minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）,mutation prevention concentration（MPC） and critical concentration（Ccr） which are used to describe the potency in a more informative *** assay is a simple,sensitive,precise and cost effective method which gives reproducible results similar to ***,the HPLC cannot be a complete substitute for microbiological assay and both methods have their own significance to obtain more realistic and precise results.

关键词： Potency Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance Microbiological assay Bioactivity HPLC

A Hybrid Joining Technology for Aluminum/Zinc Coated Steels in Vehicles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第9期26卷 858-864页

作者： C.Y.Choi D.C.Kim D.g.Nam Y.D.Kim Y.D.Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan Advanced Welding & Joining R&D Division Institute of Industrial Technology Incheon Dongnam Technology Service Division Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyBusan Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Dong-Eui UniversityBusan

Currently,in the automotive industry,joining of the aluminum alloys with the steel is a crucial problem to be *** joining techniques including resistance spot and gas metal arc welding are not acceptable for those applications due to a number of metallurgical *** investigation was carried out to develop the hybrid joining process combining the resistance spot welding and *** this study,an attempt was made to apply hybrid process to the joining of dissimilar sheet metals,Al-Mg-Si（6000 series） alloy and low carbon steel *** process（resistance spot weld/brazing） using filler metal was found to be effective to overcome the incompatibility between aluminum alloy and *** hybrid joining process of Al alloy sheet and steel sheet did not produce acceptable bond strength,it was proved to have reasonable interfacial bond layer if the optimal process condition was applied.

关键词： Hybrid joining Aluminum alloy Steel Resistance welding Brazing

Formation of carbon and oxygen rich surface layer on high purity magnesium by atmospheric carbon dioxide plasma

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第1期11卷 88-99页

作者： gyoung g.Jang Sinchul Yeom Jong K.Keum Mina Yoon Harry III Meyer Yi-Feng Su Jiheon Jun Manufacturing Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)One Bethel Valley RoadPO Box 2008MS6054Oak RidgeTN 37831United States Material Science and Technologies Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)One Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37831United States Neutron Scattering Division&Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences ORNLOne Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37831United States Chemical Sciences Division ORNLOne Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Carbon and oxygen-rich corrosion barrier layer formed on Mg by a simple and scalable CO_(2) atmospheric plasma(CO_(2)-AP)*** reactive CO_(2)-AP interacts with the Mg surface and forms a unique layered structure with the top MgCO_(3)/MgO-intermixed particulates pillars and the bottom dense *** surface features were simultaneously formed on the nano-/micro-structured MgO layer by carbonate molecules,plasma-active CO_(2) molecules,and/or other volatile organic compounds on the nano-/micro-structured MgO particle *** resulting surfaces after CO_(2)-AP were either hydrophobic or hydrophilic and exhibited lower anodic current or high resistance for Mg *** the hydrophobic surfaces of CO_(2)-AP treated Mg,molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand the origin of hydrophobicity and identified that the amorphous carbon layers formed on the Mg surface are the *** environmentally benign abundant-gas-based process enables the cost reduction associated with waste treatment,generation of by-product,and supply of raw material.

关键词： Atmospheric plasma Magnesium Corrosion protection Surface modification

Enhancing the soil and water assessment tool model for simulating N_(2)O emissions of three agricultural systems

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第2期3卷 17-29页

作者： Qichun Yang Xuesong Zhang Michael Abraha Stephen Del grosso g.P.Robertson Jiquan Chen Joint global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMaryland 20740 USA great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA W.K.Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan 49060 USA Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureFort CollinsColorado 80526 USA Department of Plant Soiland Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA Department of geography Environmentand Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA

Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a potent greenhouse gas(gHg)contributing to global warming,with the agriculture sector as the major source of anthropogenic N_(2)O emissions due to excessive fertilizer *** is an urgent need to enhance regional-/watershed-scale models,such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT),to credibly simulate N_(2)O emissions to improve assessment of environmental impacts of cropping ***,we integrated the DayCent model’s N_(2)O emission algorithms with the existing widely tested crop growth,hydrology,and nitrogen cycling algorithms in SWAT and evaluated this new tool for simulating N_(2)O emissions in three agricultural systems(i.e.,a continuous corn site,a switchgrass site,and a smooth brome grass site which was used as a reference site)located at the great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center(gLBRC)scale-up fields in southwestern *** three systems represent different levels of management intensity,with corn,switchgrass,and smooth brome grass(reference site)receiving high,medium,and zero fertilizer application,*** indicate that the enhanced SWAT model with default parameterization reproduced well the relative magnitudes of N_(2)O emissions across the three sites,indicating the usefulness of the new tool(SWAT-N_(2)O)to estimate long-term N_(2)O emissions of diverse cropping ***,parameter calibration can significantly improve model simulations of seasonality of N_(2)O fluxes,and explained up to 22.5%-49.7%of the variability in field *** sensitivity analysis indicates that climate change(e.g.,changes in precipitation and temperature)influences N_(2)O emissions,highlighting the importance of optimizing crop management under a changing climate in order to achieve agricultural sustainability goals.

关键词： agriculture climate change greenhouse gas sensitivity analysis