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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(f-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

The Ca2+-sensing receptor and the pocketome: comparing nature's complexity with human intervention in receptor modulation

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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY 2024年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： Matthees, Edda S. f. Hoffmann, Carsten Univ Klinikum Jena Inst Mol Zellbiol CMB Ctr Mol Biomed Hans Knoll Str 2 D-07745 Jena Germany friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Hans Knoll Str 2 D-07745 Jena Germany

In a recent paper published in Nature,the relatively understudied Ca^(2+)-sensing,receptor(CasR)within the Gprotein-coupled receptor(GPCR)family C,gained attention due to pioneering research led by Georgios Skiniotis ... 详细信息

关键词： Stanford gained Skin

formation of diffuse and spark discharges between two needle electrodes with the scattering of particles

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第9期26卷 32-39页

作者： Victor f TARASENKO Dmitry V BELOPLOTOV Alexei N PANCHENKO Dmitry A SOROKIN Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian BranchRussian Academy of SciencesTomsk 634055Russia National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk 634050Russia

The development of a nanosecond discharge in a pin-to-pin gap filled with air at atmospheric pressure has been studied with high temporal and spatial resolutions from a breakdown start to the spark *** and negative nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of tens of kilovolts were ***-resolved images of the discharge development were taken with a fourchannel Intensified Charge Coupled Device(ICCD)*** minimum delay between the camera channels could be as short as≈0.1 *** made it possible to study the gap breakdown process with subnanosecond *** was observed that a wide-diameter streamer develops from the high-voltage pointed *** ionization processes near the grounded pin electrode started when the streamer crossed half of the *** bridging the gap by the streamer,a diffuse discharge was *** development of spark leaders from bright spots on the surface of the pointed electrodes was observed at the next *** was found that the rate of development of the spark leader is an order of magnitude lower than that of the wide-diameter *** thin luminous tracks were observed against the background of a discharge plasma *** has been established that the tracks are adjacent to brightly glowing spots on the electrodes and are associated with the flight of small particles.

关键词： needle electrodes short voltage pulses atmospheric air streamer breakdown diffuse and spark discharges scattering metal particles

Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell Charles f.Zorumski Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.

关键词： cognitive impairment glyphosate microglia neuroinflammation roundup toll-like receptor 4 zinc chelation

Artificial ground freezing of underground mines in cold regions using thermosyphons with air insulation

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 643-654页

作者： Ahmad f.Zueter Mohammad Zolfagharroshan Navid Bahrani Agus P.Sasmito Department of Civil and Resource Engineering Dalhousie UniversityHalifax B3H4R2Canada Department of Mining Engineering McGill UniversityMontreal H3A0E8Canada

Current practice of underground artificial ground freezing(AGf)typically involves huge refrigeration systems of large economic and environmental *** this study,a novel AGf technique is proposed deploying available cold wind in cold *** is achieved by a static heat transfer device called thermosyphon equipped with an air insulation layer.A refrigeration unit can be optionally integrated to meet additional cooling *** introduction of air insulation isolates the thermosyphon from ground zones where freezing is not needed,resulting in:(1)steering the cooling resources(cold wind or refrigeration)towards zones of interest;and(2)minimizing refrigeration *** design is demonstrated using well-validated mathematical models from our previous work based on two-phase enthalpy method of the ground coupled with a thermal resistance network for the *** Canadian mines are considered:the Cigar Lake Mine and the Giant *** results show that our proposed design can speed the freezing time by 30%at the Giant Mine and by two months at the Cigar Lake ***,a cooling load of 2.4 GWh can be saved at the Cigar Lake ***,this study provides mining practitioners with sustainable solutions of underground AGf.

关键词： Artificial ground freezing Underground mining Sustainable mining Thermosyphon Air insulation Cold regions

Digital twin-and extended reality-based telepresence for collaborative robot programming in the 6G perspective

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 315-327页

作者： Davide Calandra f.Gabriele Pratticò Alberto Cannavò Claudio Casetti fabrizio Lamberti Politecnico di Torino Department of Control and Computer EngineeringCorso Duca Degli Abruzzi2410129TurinItaly

In the context of Industry 4.0,a paradigm shift from traditional industrial manipulators to Collaborative Robots(CRs)is ongoing,with the latter serving ever more closely humans as auxiliary tools in many production *** this scenario,continuous technological advancements offer new opportunities for further innovating robotics and other areas of next-generation *** example,6G could play a prominent role due to its human-centric view of the industrial *** particular,its expected dependability features will pave the way for new applications exploiting highly effective Digital Twin(DT)-and eXtended Reality(XR)-based *** this work,a novel application for the above technologies allowing two distant users to collaborate in the programming of a CR is *** approach encompasses demanding data flows(e.g.,point cloud-based streaming of collaborating users and robotic environment),with network latency and bandwidth *** obtained by analyzing this approach from the viewpoint of network requirements in a setup designed to emulate 6G connectivity indicate that the expected performance of forthcoming mobile networks will make it fully feasible in principle.

关键词： 6G Digital twin Telepresence Collaborative robots Industry 4.0 Augmented reality Virtual reality Point cloud streaming

Prophylactic Pattern Scanning Laser Retinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty Rats: Preliminary Experimental Results

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第3期14卷 153-165页

作者： Rina Takagi Yoshiaki Tanaka Tetsuya Hasegawa Masami Shinohara Yasushi Kageyama Tomohiko Sasase Machiko Shimmura-tomita Akihiro Kakehashi Toshikatsu Kaburaki Department of Ophthalmology Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University Saitama-shi Saitama-ken Japan Tokyo Animal & Diet Department CLEA Japan Inc. Tokyo Japan Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco Inc. Takatsuki Osaka Japan

Research Background and Purpose: The number of diabetic patients is rapidly increasing, making it crucial to find methods to prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness. We investigated the effects of prophylactic pattern scanning laser retinal photocoagulation on DR development in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as a new prevention approach. Methods: Photocoagulation was applied to the right eyes of 8-week-old Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, with the left eyes serving as untreated controls. Electroretinography at 9 and 39 weeks of age and pathological examinations, including immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein at 24 and 40 weeks of age, were performed on both eyes. Results: There were no significant differences in amplitude and prolongation of the OP waves between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 39 weeks of age. Similarly, no significant differences in pathology and immunohistochemistry were observed between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 24 and 40 weeks of age. Conclusion: Prophylactic pattern scanning retinal laser photocoagulation did not affect the development of diabetic retinopathy in SDT fatty rats.

关键词： Diabetes Pattern Scanning Laser Diabetic Retinopathy Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty Rats Electroretinography

SnRK1a1, a new player in the sucrose-Opaque2 network during endosperm filling

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1172-1174页

作者： Kelly Mayrink Balmant Marcio f.R.Resende Jr. Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Maize(Zea mays)endosperm is an important food source for humans and *** addition,it is considered an excellent model for research on seed development because of its relatively large size for both embryo and endosperm compared to those of other crop species,such as rice(Oryza sativa)and wheat(Triticum aestivum).After double fertilization,early maize endosperm development includes three stages:(i)a multinucleate coenocyte stage;(i)a cellularization stage,in which the cellular endosperm is formed;and(ii)a stage of differentiation into distinct *** early differentiation,four major cell types with specific functions differentiate within the endosperm:starchy endosperm,aleurone layer,basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),and embryo surrounding *** subaleurone,conducting zone,basal intermediate zone,and endosperm adjacent to scutellum arise in late differentiation(Sabelli and Larkins 2009).After the main cell types are established,maize endosperm undergoes intensive cell proliferation,which marks the transition to the endosperm-filling *** the endosperm-flling stage,the maternal sucrose products are transported to seeds through the BETL region,where they will act as the main carbon substrate for storage products such as starch and proteins(Chen et al.,2023).In fact,the endosperm of maize seeds accounts for approximately 90%of the total grain weight,serving as an important nutrient reservoir(flint-Garcia et al.,2009).

关键词： endosperm reservoir flint

New evidence for the epigenetic regulation of skeletal stem cells

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2004-2006页

作者： Liming Zhao Jun Xiao Charles K.f.Chan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Skeletal stem cells(SSCs)are crucial for skeletal development and regeneration,yet the epigenetic regulation of these cells remains poorly *** studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape across the developmental trajectory of SSCs,highlighting the involvement of Ptip in regulating SSC *** skeletal system undergoes dynamic remodeling throughout *** stem cells(SSCs),residing within the skeleton and lineage-restricted,serve as a cellular reserve to foster development and maintain skeletal *** categorized within the broader mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs).

关键词： skeletal involvement maintain