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The discovery of Qinghaosu(artemisinin) as an effective anti-malaria drug:A unique China story

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第2期59卷 81-88页

作者： Zengyi chang Center of History and Philosophy of Science School of Life Sciences Center for Protein Science State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking University

In a collective effort to find new drugs for killing the ma- laria parasites （plasmodium） that became resistant to the conventional drugs such as chloroquine, scientists in China not only rediscovered the anti-malaria effect of the Chinese herb Qinghao （Artemesia annua L.）, but also isolated the single active ingredient Qinghaosu （artemisinin in English） in crystal form. They subsequently conducted very system- atic studies on the pharmacological properties of qinghaosu and its derivatives, and determined the unusual chemical structure of Qinghaosu. These anti-malaria drugs have saved countless lives, especially in the developing coun- tries. Due to her key role in achieving these remarkable discoveries, Prof. youyou Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ＂for her discoveries con- cerning a novel therapy against Malaria＂. Here I will try to tell this fascinating China story based on what have been recorded in the peer-reviewed papers that were published in Chinese or English and largely in journals published in China.

关键词：青蒿素中国疟疾故事诺贝尔生理学或医学奖治疗药物晶体形态有效成分

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3D microfluidic gradient generator for combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 229-242页

作者： eric Sweet Brenda yang Joshua Chen Reed Vickerman yujui Lin Alison Long eric Jacobs Tinglin Wu Camille Mercier Ryan Jew yash Attal Siyang Liu Andrew chang Liwei Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center BerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Microfluidic concentration gradient generators(µ-CGGs)have been utilized to identify optimal drug compositions through antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant(AMR)***µ-CGGs fabricated via photolithography-based micromachining processes,however,are fundamentally limited to two-dimensional fluidic routing,such that only two distinct antimicrobial drugs can be tested at *** work addresses this limitation by employing Multijet-3D-printed microchannel networks capable of fluidic routing in three dimensions to generate symmetric multidrug concentration *** three-fluid gradient generation characteristics of the fabricated 3Dµ-CGG prototype were quantified through both theoretical simulations and experimental ***,the antimicrobial effects of three highly clinically relevant antibiotic drugs,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,and amikacin,were evaluated via experimental single-antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and pairwise and three-way antibiotic combination drug screening(CDS)studies against model antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli *** such,this 3Dµ-CGG platform has great potential to enable expedited combination AST screening for various biomedical and diagnostic applications.

关键词： gradient testing fluid

Methods of vascular control technique during liver resection:a comprehensive review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第5期9卷 473-481页

作者： Wan-yee Lau eric C.H.Lai Stephanie H.y.Lau Faculty of Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

BACKGROUND: Significant hemorrhage together with blood transfusion increases postoperative morbidity and mortality of hepatic resection. Hepatic vascular occlusion is effective in minimizing bleeding during hepatic parenchymal transection. This article aimed to review the current role and status of various techniques of hepatic vascular occlusion during hepatic resection. DATA SOURCES: The relevant manuscripts were identified by searching MEDLINE, and PubMed for articles published between January 1980 and April 2010 using the keywords 'vascular control', 'vascular clamping', 'vascular exclusion' and 'hepatectomy'. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 5 RCTs showed intermittent Pringle maneuver and ischemic preconditioning followed by continuous Pringle maneuver were superior to continuous Pringle maneuver alone, respectively. Two RCTs compared the outcomes of hepatectomy with and without intermittent Pringle maneuver. One showed Pringle maneuver to be beneficial, while the other failed to show any benefit. One RCT showed that ischemic preconditioning had significantly less blood loss than using intermittent Pringle maneuver. Four RCTs evaluated the use of hemihepatic vascular occlusion. One RCT showed it had significantly less blood loss than Pringle maneuver, while the other 3 showed no significant difference. Only 1 RCT showed it had significantly less liver ischemic injury. No RCT had been carried out to assess segmental vascular occlusion. Two RCTs compared the outcomes of total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) and Pringle maneuver. One RCT showed THVE resulted in similar blood loss, but a higher postoperative complication. The other RCT showed less blood loss using THVE but the postoperative complication rate was similar. Both studies showed similar degree of liver ischemic injury. Only one RCT showed that selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) had

关键词： vascular control vascular exclusion hepatectomy liver neoplasm Pringle maneuver

The current role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant/chemoprevention therapy in partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma:a systematic review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第2期8卷 124-133页

作者： Wan-yee Lau eric C.H.Lai Stephanie H.y.Lau State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Following curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 50%-90% of postoperative death is due to recurrent disease. Intra-hepatic recurrence is frequently the only site of recurrence. Thus, any neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, which can decrease or delay the incidence of intra-hepatic recurrence, or any cancer chemoprevention which can prevent a new HCC from developing in the liver remnant, will improve the results of liver resection. This article systematically reviewed the current evidence of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and chemoprevention in partial hepatectomy of HCC. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases for articles from January 1990 to November 2008 using the keywords 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatectomy', 'adjuvant therapy', 'neoadjuvant therapy', and 'regional therapy'. Additional papers and book chapters were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization or adjuvant regional transarterial chemotherapy embolization+systemic chemotherapy did not add benefit. Both adjuvant transarterial radioembolization with (131)I-lipiodol and adjuvant systemic interferon showed promising results. However, there were only a limited number of such studies. CONCLUSIONS: Further randomized controlled studies need to be carried out. Currently, there is no consensus on a standard neoadjuvant/adjuvant/chemoprevention therapy in partial hepatectomy for HCC.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma hepatectomy adjuvant therapy neoadjuvant therapy therapeutic embolization

MNN-XSS:Modular Neural Network Based Approach for XSS Attack Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4075-4085页

作者： Ahmed Abdullah Alqarni Nizar Alsharif Nayeem Ahmad Khan Lilia Georgieva eric Pardade Mohammed y.Alzahrani Department of Computer Sciences and Information Technology AlBaha UniversityAlBahaSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia

The rapid growth and uptake of network-based communication technologies have made cybersecurity a significant challenge as the number of cyber-attacks is also increasing.A number of detection systems are used in an attempt to detect known attacks using signatures in network *** recent years,researchers have used different machine learning methods to detect network attacks without relying on those *** methods generally have a high false-positive rate which is not adequate for an industry-ready intrusion detection *** this study,we propose and implement a new method that relies on a modular deep neural network for reducing the false positive rate in the XSS attack detection *** were performed using a dataset consists of 1000 malicious and 10000 benign *** model uses 50 features selected by using Pearson correlation method and will be used in the detection and preventions of XSS *** results obtained from the experiments depict improvement in the detection accuracy as high as 99.96%compared to other approaches.

关键词： Cybersecurity XSS deep learning modular neural network

Membrane-bound O-acyltransferases(MBOATs)

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第3期6卷 177-182页

作者： Catherine C.y.chang Jie SUN Ta-yuan chang Department of Biochemistry Dartmouth Medical SchoolHanoverNH 03755 USA

The MBOATenzyme family,identified in 2000,comprises 11 genes in the human genome that participate in a variety of biological *** enzymes contain multiple transmembrane domains and share two active site residues,histidine and *** MBOAT members are drug targets for major human diseases,including atherosclerosis,obesity,Alzheimer disease,and viral *** we review the historical aspects of MBOAT enzymes,classify them biochemically into 3 subgroups,and describe the essential features of each member.

关键词： cholesterol metabolism neutral lipid biosynthesis protein acylation membrane phospholipid remodeling atherosclerosis diabetes obesity cancer nutrient sensing

Coating behavior and surface hardening of Pd_(77)Cu_6Si_(17) thin film metallic glass on AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第12期14卷 898-905页

作者： X.H.DU y.C.chang H.J.PEI B.y.CHEN M.C.KUO J.C.HUANG School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Materials Engineering Kun Shan University

Pd77Cu6Si17(PCS) thin film metallic glasses(TFMGs) with high glass forming ability and hardness were selected as a hard coating for improving the surface hardness of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Both microindentation and nanoindentation tests were conducted on specimens with various PCS film thicknesses from 30 to 2000 nm. The apparent hardness and the relative indentation depth(β) were integrated using a quantitative model. The interaction parameters involved and relative hardness values were extracted from iterative calculations. According to the results, surface hardness can be enhanced greatly by PCS TFMGs in the shallow region, followed by gradual decrease with increasing β ratio. In addition, specimens with thinner coatings(e.g., 200nm) showed greater substrate-film interaction and those with thick coatings(e.g., 2000nm) became prone to film cracking. The optimum TFMG coating thickness in this study was estimated to be around 200 nm.

关键词： Thin film metallic glass(TFMG) Magnesium alloy Sputtering process Nanoindentation Coating thickness

m6A mRNA methylation controls T cell homeostasis by targeting IL-7/STAT5/SOCS pathway

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m6A mRNA methylation controls T cell homeostasis by targetin...

HIGH-TEMPERATURE AC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRySTALLINE FINEMET ALLOyS WITH Co ADDITION

第十二届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Li Huabing Tong Jiyu Shu Zhu yuval Kluger Matthew D.Simon Howard y.chang Zhinan yin Richard A.Flavell Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine Shanghai Institute of Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry Yale University Dynamic Regulomes Stanford University Howard Hughes Medical Institute

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most common and abundant messenger RNA modification,modulated by‘writers’‘erasers’and‘readers’of this *** vitro data have shown that m6A influences all fundamental aspects of mRNA m... 详细信息

关键词： m6A methylation T cells STAT signaling Inflammation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第5期20卷 327-333页

作者： y.H. Ding X. Liu S.S. Zhao y. Long R.C. ye y.Q. chang F.R. Wan School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China College of Science Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300191 China

High-temperature AC magnetic properties for （Fe0.5Co0.5）73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at various temperatures have been investigated using an impedance analyzer. Annealing temperature Ta has obvious effects on high-temperature AC magnetic properties of the alloy. The Hopkinson peak appears only in the amorphous alloy when Ta≤703K. As Ta increases above 733K, the real part of the complex initial permeability μi′descends gradually, μi′decreases more slowly with temperature in the high temperature range. The high-temperature （about 750K） AC initial permeability for the alloy annealed at Ta= 763K has been found to maintain a stable high value of 950 up to a frequency of- 1 × 10^5Hz. Partial substitution of Co for Fe in the F73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy leads to an increase of around 110K of the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase, much higher than Ge-containing Finemet alloy.

关键词： high temperature nanocrystalline permeability spectra