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Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji elizabeth Rovit Susannah Pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the *** this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in *** biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych *** relevant data based and systematic reviews are *** This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in *** Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor Mechanisms

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IMAGE-BUILDING AND FRAMING PROCESSES OF AN ANTI-MOTHER/-WOMAN IN CICERO’S PRO CLUENTIO

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2024年第1期39卷 51-72,124页

作者： Hongxia Zhang elizabeth Webster IHAC NENUChangchun

In this case study we explore Cicero’s processes of framing and image-building regarding the concept of an anti-mother/-*** this we examine Cicero’s portrayal of Sassia,a woman who features as one of the main antagonists of his speech Pro *** analyse Cicero’s depiction of Sassia’s evilness towards her son,Cluentius,through the lens of frame and framing *** doing so,this case study aims to present a deeper understanding of Cicero’s stratagems(e.g.,priming,calling for action;nudging,pushing someone towards action;and affordance,offering a frame to act outside of or within)which were employed in order to devise a negative characterisation of *** application of this methodological approach to Cicero’s framing of Sassia provides a new scope for analysing not only the classical text itself but also for the analysis of ancient human society to which it belonged.

关键词： affordance Cicero frames&framing image-building nudging&priming Roman Republic stereotypes

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Continuous roll-to-roll patterning of three-dimensional periodic nanostructures

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1067-1077页

作者： I-Te Chen elizabeth Schappell Xiaolong Zhang Chih-Hao Chang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In this work,we introduce a roll-to-roll system that can continuously print three-dimensional(3D)periodic nanostructures over large *** approach is based on Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of colloidal nanospheres,which diffract normal incident light to create a complex intensity pattern for near-field *** geometry of the 3D nanostructure is defined by the Talbot effect and can be precisely designed by tuning the ratio of the nanosphere diameter to the exposure *** this system,we have demonstrated patterning of 3D photonic crystals with a 500 nm period on a 50×200 mm^(2) flexible substrate,with a system throughput of 3mm/*** patterning yield is quantitatively analyzed by an automated electron beam inspection method,demonstrating long-term repeatability of an up to 88% yield over a 4-month *** inspection method can also be employed to examine pattern uniformity,achieving an average yield of up to 78.6% over full substrate *** proposed patterning method is highly versatile and scalable as a nanomanufacturing platform and can find application in nanophotonics,nanoarchitected materials,and multifunctional nanostructures.

关键词： tuning lithography periodic

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Colonoscopic evaluation in ulcerative colitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 161-168页

作者： elizabeth R.Paine G.V.(Sonny)Montgomery VA Medical Center and Division of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA

Colonoscopic evaluation is an important tool in the evaluation of ulcerative colitis(UC).UC is divided by disease extent into proctitis,proctosigmoiditis,left-sided colitis,and *** addition,a cecal or peri-appendiceal patch and backwash ileitis are associated with *** extent and behavior of UC has been characterized further using various indices and scoring systems;among these systems is the Mayo Score,which is widely used in current clinical trials for new *** these medical therapies for UC have developed,achieving mucosal healing with medications has become an important therapeutic objective.

关键词： ulcerative colitis colonoscopic evaluation disease activity mucosal healing

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Enzymatic and metabolic regulation of lysine succinylation

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Genes & Diseases 2020年第2期7卷 166-171页

作者： Annapoorna Sreedhar elizabeth K.Wiese Taro Hitosugi Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Division of Oncology Research Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Lysine succinylation(Ksucc),defined as a transfer of a succinyl group to a lysine residue of a protein,is a newly identified protein post-translational modification^*** chemical modification is reversible,dynamic,and evolutionarily conserved^4 where it has been comprehensively studied in both bacterial and mammalian cells^*** proteins involved in the regulation of various cellular and biological processes have been shown to be heavily succinylated^*** clinical data provides evidence that dysregulation of Ksucc is correlated with the development of several diseases,including cardiovascular diseases and cancer^***,an in-depth understanding of Ksucc and its regulation is important not only for understanding its physiological function but also for developing drug therapies and targeted agents for these *** this review,we highlight some of the recent advances in understanding the role of Ksucc and desuccinylation under physiological and pathological conditions.

关键词： Lysine succinylation Metabolism Post-translational modification SIRT5 Succinyl-CoA

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Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer:The role of inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3751-3761页

作者： Chun Seng Lee elizabeth J Ryan Glen A Doherty Centre for Colorectal Disease St. Vincent’s University Hospital School of Medicine and Medical Sciences University College Dublin

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their *** chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further *** is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of *** chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic *** we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of *** into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are *** inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient *** review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal ***,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed.

关键词： Chemotherapy Diarrhea Side-effects Immunogenic cell death Pro-inflammatory cytokines

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China’s Changing Strategies and Motivations in the Middle East:The Cases of Israel and Syria

China’s Changing Strategies and Motivations in the Middle E...

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作者： elizabeth Forman 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

This paper explores the way China’s Middle East policy and strategies are changing,using the cases of Israel and *** paper examines what strategies are changing and how,and asks the question of what is motivating these change while using a realist theoretical framework coupled with creative involvement *** paper also seeks to find areas where academic literature leaves gaps in the narrative of China’s changing *** methods used include data analysis from policy papers and news sources as well as interviews with scholars to help fill in the gaps in the *** these interviews and the data analysis,the author expects to find that based on a realist perspective,it is important to consider the protection of the security of China’s economic assets,the protection of its domestic security from the threat of Islamist extremism,and its rise toward becoming a great power on the world stage as part of China’s motivations for its changes in the Middle *** expected finding is that the One Belt One Road Initiative is playing a large role in China’s economic and political ambitions.

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Landscape Genetics of Plants: Challenges and Opportunities

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： Mitchell B.Cruzan elizabeth C.Hendrickson Department of Biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic distance and do not account for variation in dispersal vector behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetics integrates population genetics with Geographic Information Systems(GIS)to evaluate the effects of landscape features on gene flow patterns(effective dispersal).Surprisingly,relatively few landscape genetic studies have been conducted on *** present advantages because their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effects of landscape features on effective dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsically complex because it depends on the habitat preferences of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** discuss strategies to assess the separate contributions of pollen and seed movement to effective dispersal and to delineate the effects of plant habitat quality from those of landscape features that affect vector *** analyses of seed dispersal for three species indicate that isolation by landscape resistance is a better predictor of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic *** of effective dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,which may be due to the effects of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic *** genetic studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the process of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic and abiotic dispersal vectors in response to heterogeneous landscapes.

关键词： effective dispersal cpDNA ResistanceGA Circuitscape geographic information systems(GIS) ecological niche modeling(ENM)

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DO OCCUPANTS IN GREEN BUILDINGS PRACTICE BETTER ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOUR IN COMPUTER USAGE THAN OCCUPANTS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS?

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第4期10卷 178-193页

作者： Nurul Sakina Mokhtar Azizi Suzanne Wilkinson elizabeth Fassman Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Auckland

Green buildings are not entirely successful in achieving energy saving *** way of improving energy targets is to encourage occupants to adopt energy saving *** date,energy saving behaviour has been given less focus in improving green building performance than other energy saving initiatives,such as retrofitting buildings for green *** study uses comparison case studies between green buildings and conventional buildings in New Zealand to better understand the energy saving behaviour of *** were distributed to occupants in green and conventional buildings to evaluate the extent of energy saving behaviour practiced and to identify potential strategies to encourage energy saving *** objective of this paper is to investigate the level of energy saving behaviour between green and conventional office buildings to see if people in green buildings perform better energy saving behaviour than people in conventional buildings in computer *** findings do show better energy saving behaviour from occupants in green buildings than occupants in conventional *** paper shows why this is the *** recommended strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour used by different buildings are also *** include raising education awareness on energy efficiency among the building occupants,energy saving commitments,and to have an active building manager assigned for energy related matters.

关键词： energy saving behaviour energy efficiency green buildings conventional buildings

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Microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8859-8866页

作者： Niall P Hyland Eamonn MM Quigley elizabeth Brint Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 United States Department of Pathology University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common, sometimes debilitating, gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. While altered gut motility and sensation, as well as aberrant brain perception of visceral events, are thought to contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS, a search for an underlying aetiology has, to date, proven unsuccessful. Recently, attention has been focused on the microbiota as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of IBS. Prompted by a number of clinical observations, such as the recognition of the de novo development of IBS following enteric infections, as well as descriptions of changes in colonic bacterial populations in IBS and supported by clinical responses to interventions, such as antibiotics and probiotics, that modify the microbiota, various approaches have been taken to investigating the microbiota-host response in IBS, as well as in animal models thereof. From such studies a considerable body of evidence has accumulated to indicate the activation or upregulation of both factors involved in bacterial engagement with the host as well host defence mechanisms against bacteria. Alterations in gut barrier function, occurring in response, or in parallel, to changes in the microbiota, have also been widely described and can be seen to play a pivotal role in generating and sustaining host immune responses both within and beyond the gut. In this manner a plausible hypothesis, based on an altered microbiota and/or an aberrant host response, for the pathogenesis, of at least some instances of IBS, can be generated.

关键词： Microbiota Irritable bowel syndrome Tolllike receptor Epithelial barrier Gut-brain axis

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