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Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery（现代神经外科学进展） 2024年第2期 137页

作者： Joseph O. Obande Paul T. Bitrus elizabeth I. Obande

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison Jane Karley Matthew Emslie-Smith Alison elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

Effects of methyl-,phenyl-,ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals(Phoca vitulina)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第12期21卷 1716-1721页

作者： Antje Kakuschke elizabeth Valentine-Thon Sonja Fonfara Katharina Kramer Andreas Prange GKSS Research Center Institute for Coastal Research Department of Immunology Laboratory Center Bremen

Mercury （Hg） is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic effects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor β, were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive effect on proliferation, differences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic effect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic effects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.

关键词： harbor seal mercury lymphocyte proliferation cytokine expression North Sea

Characterization of Evolutionarily ConservedMotifs Involved in Activity and Regulation of theABA-INSENSITIVE （ABI） 4 Transcription Factor

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Molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 422-436页

作者： Josefat Gregorio Alma Fabiola Hernández-Bernal elizabeth cordoba Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

In recent years, the transcription factor ABI4 has emerged as an important node of integration for externaland internal signals such as nutrient status and hormone signaling that modulates critical transitions during the growthand development of plants. For this reason, understanding the mechanism of action and regulation of this protein rep-resents an important step towards the elucidation of crosstalk mechanisms in plants. However, this understanding hasbeen hindered due to the negligible levels of this protein as a result of multiple posttranscriptional regulations. To betterunderstand the function and regulation of the ABI4 protein in this work, we performed a functional analysis of severalevolutionarily conserved motifs. Based on these conserved motifs, we identified ortholog genes of ABI4 in differentplant species. The functionality of the putative ortholog from Theobroma cacao was demonstrated in transient expres-sion assays and in complementation studies in plants. The function of the highly conserved motifs was analyzed aftertheir deletion or mutagenesis in the Arabidopsis ABI4 sequence using mesophyll protoplasts. This approach permitted usto immunologically detect the ABI4 protein and identify some of the mechanisms involved in its regulation. We identi-fied sequences required for the nuclear localization （AP2-associated motif） as well as those for transcriptional activationfunction （LRP motif）. Moreover, this approach showed that the protein stability of this transcription factor is controlledthrough protein degradation and subcellular localization and involves the AP2-associated and the PEST motifs. We dem-onstrated that the degradation of ABI4 protein through the PEST motif is mediated by the 26S proteasome in responseto changes in the sugar levels.

关键词： ABI4 posttranslational regulation transcription factor sugar signaling abscisic acid-insensitive protea-some nuclear localization signals

Continuous roll-to-roll patterning of three-dimensional periodic nanostructures

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1067-1077页

作者： I-Te Chen elizabeth Schappell Xiaolong Zhang Chih-Hao Chang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In this work,we introduce a roll-to-roll system that can continuously print three-dimensional(3D)periodic nanostructures over large *** approach is based on Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of colloidal nanospheres,which diffract normal incident light to create a complex intensity pattern for near-field *** geometry of the 3D nanostructure is defined by the Talbot effect and can be precisely designed by tuning the ratio of the nanosphere diameter to the exposure *** this system,we have demonstrated patterning of 3D photonic crystals with a 500 nm period on a 50×200 mm^(2) flexible substrate,with a system throughput of 3mm/*** patterning yield is quantitatively analyzed by an automated electron beam inspection method,demonstrating long-term repeatability of an up to 88% yield over a 4-month *** inspection method can also be employed to examine pattern uniformity,achieving an average yield of up to 78.6% over full substrate *** proposed patterning method is highly versatile and scalable as a nanomanufacturing platform and can find application in nanophotonics,nanoarchitected materials,and multifunctional nanostructures.

关键词： tuning lithography periodic

Managing Student Protest in Republican China： Yenching and St. John＇s Compared

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第1期8卷 3-31页

作者： elizabeth J. Perry Department of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movement at St. John＇s University and the December Ninth Movement at Yenching University illustrate the consequences of these sharply contrasting experiences. Whereas St. John＇s was crippled by May Thirtieth, Yenching escaped December Ninth relatively unscathed. The explanation for the contrast, this paper suggests, lies not in any fundamental disagreement in the mission of the two universities or the philosophies of their famous and forceful presidents. It must be sought instead in the different campus cultures in which the student protests originated, and in the urban micro-environments in which the two universities were located： treaty-port Shanghai and post-imperial Peking.

关键词： student protest nationalism Christian universities higher education

Colonoscopic evaluation in ulcerative colitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 161-168页

作者： elizabeth R.Paine G.V.(Sonny)Montgomery VA Medical Center and Division of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA

Colonoscopic evaluation is an important tool in the evaluation of ulcerative colitis(UC).UC is divided by disease extent into proctitis,proctosigmoiditis,left-sided colitis,and *** addition,a cecal or peri-appendiceal patch and backwash ileitis are associated with *** extent and behavior of UC has been characterized further using various indices and scoring systems;among these systems is the Mayo Score,which is widely used in current clinical trials for new *** these medical therapies for UC have developed,achieving mucosal healing with medications has become an important therapeutic objective.

关键词： ulcerative colitis colonoscopic evaluation disease activity mucosal healing

Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer:The role of inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3751-3761页

作者： Chun Seng Lee elizabeth J Ryan Glen A Doherty Centre for Colorectal Disease St. Vincent’s University Hospital School of Medicine and Medical Sciences University College Dublin

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their *** chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further *** is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of *** chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic *** we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of *** into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are *** inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient *** review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal ***,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed.

关键词： Chemotherapy Diarrhea Side-effects Immunogenic cell death Pro-inflammatory cytokines

Enzymatic and metabolic regulation of lysine succinylation

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Genes & Diseases 2020年第2期7卷 166-171页

作者： Annapoorna Sreedhar elizabeth K.Wiese Taro Hitosugi Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Division of Oncology Research Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Lysine succinylation(Ksucc),defined as a transfer of a succinyl group to a lysine residue of a protein,is a newly identified protein post-translational modification^*** chemical modification is reversible,dynamic,and evolutionarily conserved^4 where it has been comprehensively studied in both bacterial and mammalian cells^*** proteins involved in the regulation of various cellular and biological processes have been shown to be heavily succinylated^*** clinical data provides evidence that dysregulation of Ksucc is correlated with the development of several diseases,including cardiovascular diseases and cancer^***,an in-depth understanding of Ksucc and its regulation is important not only for understanding its physiological function but also for developing drug therapies and targeted agents for these *** this review,we highlight some of the recent advances in understanding the role of Ksucc and desuccinylation under physiological and pathological conditions.

关键词： Lysine succinylation Metabolism Post-translational modification SIRT5 Succinyl-CoA

Microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8859-8866页

作者： Niall P Hyland Eamonn MM Quigley elizabeth Brint Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 United States Department of Pathology University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common, sometimes debilitating, gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. While altered gut motility and sensation, as well as aberrant brain perception of visceral events, are thought to contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS, a search for an underlying aetiology has, to date, proven unsuccessful. Recently, attention has been focused on the microbiota as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of IBS. Prompted by a number of clinical observations, such as the recognition of the de novo development of IBS following enteric infections, as well as descriptions of changes in colonic bacterial populations in IBS and supported by clinical responses to interventions, such as antibiotics and probiotics, that modify the microbiota, various approaches have been taken to investigating the microbiota-host response in IBS, as well as in animal models thereof. From such studies a considerable body of evidence has accumulated to indicate the activation or upregulation of both factors involved in bacterial engagement with the host as well host defence mechanisms against bacteria. Alterations in gut barrier function, occurring in response, or in parallel, to changes in the microbiota, have also been widely described and can be seen to play a pivotal role in generating and sustaining host immune responses both within and beyond the gut. In this manner a plausible hypothesis, based on an altered microbiota and/or an aberrant host response, for the pathogenesis, of at least some instances of IBS, can be generated.

关键词： Microbiota Irritable bowel syndrome Tolllike receptor Epithelial barrier Gut-brain axis