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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.Cooper Samuel B.jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families j(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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全球儿科艾滋病研究议程

全球儿科艾滋病研究议程

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作者： Martina Penazzato Cadi Irvine Marissa Vicari Shaffiq M. Essajee Aditi Sharma Thanyawee Puthanakit elaine j.abrams Meg Doherty 买热排提﹒哈力木拉提 Department of HIV and Global Hepatitis Programme World Health Organization

【背景】尽管取得了进展,2016年仍有16万新感染病例和12万名儿童死于艾滋病。在如何最好地诊断、治疗和向感染艾滋病毒的儿童提供服务方面,证据仍然存在差距。世界卫生组织和CIPHER开展了一项全球研究优先次序的工作,以便在资源减少的... 详细信息

【背景】尽管取得了进展,2016年仍有16万新感染病例和12万名儿童死于艾滋病。在如何最好地诊断、治疗和向感染艾滋病毒的儿童提供服务方面,证据仍然存在差距。世界卫生组织和CIPHER开展了一项全球研究优先次序的工作,以便在资源减少的情况下集中研究工作。【方法】如欧文等人所述,采用儿童健康和营养研究倡议方法。专家组对结果进行了审查,并确定了检测、抗逆转录病毒治疗和提供服务的5个优先主题,同时考虑了现有政策、已发表的文献和正在进行的研究。【结果】来自62个国家的269人共提交了749个问题。关于艾滋病毒检测,优先主题包括战略和干预措施,以改善获得、接受和联系到护理,包括使用新的诊断工具和产前护理以外的切入点。在治疗方面,重点包括改善依从性的策略、短期和长期的结果以及对合并感染的管理、最佳药物配方和早期抗逆转录病毒治疗。在提供服务方面,优先事项包括改进获得、接受和保留护理的战略或干预措施,包括心理社会和家庭支持,以及披露艾滋病毒和减少耻辱和歧视的办法。【结论】这是针对艾滋病毒开展的最大规模的儿童健康和营养研究活动。这一结果为今后关注儿童HIV的影响研究提供了指导。迫切需要全球承诺支持优先研究、充分投资和强有力的领导,以改善艾滋病毒携带者和受其影响的儿童的健康和福祉。

关键词：优先事项儿童艾滋病毒抗逆转录病毒药物艾滋病毒诊断服务提供

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Accuracy of biometric formulae for intraocular lens power calculation in a teaching hospital

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 61-65页

作者： Kevin S Tang elaine M Tran Allison j Chen David R Rivera jorge j Rivera Paul B Greenberg Division of Ophthalmology Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidence 02903Rhode IslandUSA Section of Ophthalmology Providence VA Medical CenterProvidence 02908Rhode IslandUSA Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093CaliforniaUSA

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of three commonly used biometric formulae across different axial lengths(ALs) at one United States Veterans Affairs teaching ***: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2013 to May 2018. One eye of each patient who underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) was included. The range of postoperative follow-up period was from 3 wk to 4 mo. The Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-Radial Basis Function(Hill-RBF) formulae were used to predict the postoperative refraction for all cataract surgeries. For each formula, we calculated the prediction errors [including mean absolute prediction error(MAE)] and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopter(D) and ±0.5 D of predicted refraction. We performed subgroup analyses for short(AL25.0 mm).RESULTS: A total of 1131 patients were screened, and 909 met the inclusion criteria. Resident ophthalmologists were the primary surgeons in 710(78.1%) cases. We found no statistically significant difference in predictive accuracy among the three formulae over the entire AL range or in the short, medium, and long eye subgroups. Across the entire AL range, the Hill-RBF formula resulted in the lowest MAE(0.384 D) and the highest percentage of eyes with postoperative refraction within ±0.25 D(42.7%) and ±0.5 D(75.5%) of predicted. All three formulae had the highest MAEs(>0.5 D) and lowest percentage within ±0.5 D of predicted refraction(<55%) in short ***: In cataract surgery patients at our teaching hospital, three commonly used biometric formulae demonstrate similar refractive accuracy across all ALs. Short eyes pose the greatest challenge to predicting postoperative refractive error.

关键词： cataract surgery biometry intraocular lens power calculation

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Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen|parameters and serum testosterone levels in men

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 52-58页

作者： Inari M Ciccone elaine MF Costa juliana R Pariz Thiago A Teixeira joel R Drevet Parviz Gharagozloo Robert j Aitken jorge Hallak Androscience Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology LaboratorySao Paulo 04534-011Brazil Division of Urology University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil Men's Health Study Group Institute for Advanced StudiesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-060Brazil Division of Endocrinology University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil School of Medicine Urology DepartmentFederal University of AmapaMacapa 68903-419Brazil Faculty of Medicine GReD LaboratoryUniversity Clermont Auvergne49Bd Frangois-Mitterrand-CS 6003263001 Clermont-Ferrand CedexFrance Cell0xess LLC EwingNJ 08628USA School of Environmental and Life Sciences Priority Research Centre for Reproductive SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Reproductive Toxicology Unit Department of PathologyUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone *** is a crosssectional study conducted at Androscience,Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo,Brazil,with 508 male patients,aged 18-60 years,from 2007 to *** parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection *** were divided into normozoospermic group(NZG,n=124)and a group with seminal abnormalities(SAG,n=136).Evaluation included complete physical examination,past medical history,habits and lifestyle factors,two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests,serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D_(3)(25(OH)VD_(3)),total and free testosterone,luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),total cholesterol,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)index,and *** mean concentration of 25(OH)VD_(3)was significantly lower in the SAG(P<0.001)and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone *** addition,serum vitamin D_(3)concentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration(β=2.103;P<0.001),total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility(β=2.069;P=0.003),total number of motile spermatozoa(β=2.571;P=0.015),and strict morphology(β=0.056;P=0.006),regardless of other *** is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin D_(3)content between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm *** clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality,male reproductive potential,and testosterone levels.

关键词： male infertility semen quality sexual hormones sperm motility testosterone vitamin D deficiency

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Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 328-332页

作者： Zhen Li Clark j Chen jason K Wang elaine Hsia Wei Li jill Squires Yin Sun jiaoti Huang Departments of Pathology and Urology Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095-1732. USA

Benign prostate and prostatic adeno- carcinoma contain rare quiescentneuroendocrine cells while small cell neu- roendocrine carcinoma （SCNC）, a variant form of prostate cancer, contains highly proliferative neuroendocrine tumor cells. We provide evidence that IL-8-CXCR2- P53 pathway keeps the NE cells in a quiescent state normally. P53 mutation inactivates this pathway, resulting in hyper-proliferation and aggressive beha- vior of the NE cells in SCNC. Therefore, we have identified potential cells of origin and a molecular target for prostatic SCNC that are different from those of adenocarci- noma, which explains SCNC＇s distinct bio- logy and the clinical observation that it does not respond to hormonal therapy.

关键词： SMALL-CELL CARCINOMA ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT GROWTH MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION CXCR2 RECEPTOR MOUSE MODEL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION ADENOCARCINOMA INTERLEUKIN-8 PHENOTYPE LNCAP

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A dahlia flower extract has antidiabetic properties by improving insulin function in the brain

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Life Metabolism 2023年第4期2卷 39-50页

作者： Dominik Pretz Philip M.Heyward jeremy Krebs joel Gruchot Charles Barter Pat Silcock Nerida Downes Mohammed Zubair Rizwan Alisa Boucsein julia Bender elaine j.Burgess Geke Aline Boer Pramuk Keerthisinghe Nigel B.Perry Alexander Tups Centre for Neuroendocrinology School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Physiology School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Medicine University of OtagoWellingtonWellington South 6242New Zealand Centre for Endocrine Diabetes and Obesity Research Wellington Regional HospitalNewtownWellington 6021New Zealand Product Development Research Centre University of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Chemistry The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand

Butein,a rare chalcone found in the toxic plant Toxicodendron vernicifluum,has been shown to regulate glucose homeostasis via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta(IKKβ)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)pathway in the ***,we investigated whether the nonpoisonous plant Dahlia pinnata could be a source of butein as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes(T2D).In mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce glucose intolerance,an oral *** petal extract improved glucose tolerance at doses of 3.3 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body ***,this effect was not mediated by butein alone but by butein combined with the closely related flavonoids,sulfuretin and/or ***,the extract improved systemic insulin *** of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to block insulin signaling in the brain abrogated the glucoregulatory effect of the orally administered *** extract reinstated central insulin signaling and normalized astrogliosis in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed *** NF-κB reporter zebrafish to determine IKKβ/NF-κB activity,a potent anti-inflammatory action of the extract was found.A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial on participants with predia-betes or T2D confirmed the safety and efficacy of the extract in *** conclusion,we identified an extract from the flower petals of *** as a novel treatment option for T2D,potentially targeting the central regulation of glucose homeostasis as a root cause of the disease.

关键词： inflammation hypothalamus signal transduction neuroendocrine arcuate nucleus

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Androgen-deprivation therapy-induced aggressive prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation

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Asian journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 541-544页

作者： julia Lipianskaya Alexa Cohen Clark j Chen elaine Hsia jill Squires Zhen Li Yaqun Zhang Wei Li Xufeng Chen Hua Xu jiaoti Huang Departments of Pathology and Urology Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA.

Most prostate cancers （PCas） are classified as acinar type （conventional） adenocarcinoma which are composed of tumor cells with luminal differentiation including the expression of androgen receptor （AR） and prostate-specific antigen （PSA）. There are also scattered neuroendocrine （NE） cells in every case of adenocarcinoma. The NE cells are quiesecent, do not express AR or PSA, and their function remains unclear. We have demonstrated that IL8-CXCR2-P53 pathway provides a growth-inhibitory signal and keeps the NE cells in benign prostate and adenocarcinoma quiescent. Interestingly, some patients with a history of adenocarcinoma recur with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma （SCNC） after hormonal therapy, and such tumors are composed of pure NE cells that are highly proliferative and aggressive, due to P53 mutation and inactivation of the IL8-CXCR2-P53 pathway. The incidence of SCNC will likely increase due to the widespread use of novel drugs that further inhibit AR function or intratumoral androgen synthesis. A phase II trial has demonstrated that platinum-based chemotherapy may be useful for such therapy-induced tumors.

关键词： neuroendocrine prostate cancer small cell carcinoma therapy

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Chinese Television Audience Behavior in a Multi-Channel Environment:A case of Beijing

Chinese Television Audience Behavior in a Multi-Channel Envi...

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2003中国传播学论坛暨CAC/CCA中华传播学术研讨会

作者： elaine j．Y．Yuan Ph.D Student Communication Studies School of Communication Northwestern University

When summarized in a general way,the figures associated with China’s television market present us a picture of a fast evolving mass medium with an audience of enormous size and *** of 1999,94% of its 1.2 billion population(CSM,2001) was able to be reached by the television signals sent from its some 600 local and national *** number of television sets owned by the country was over 300 *** average person spent more than 3 hours per day watching *** some cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,the number of channels that could be received was more than 70 Cable penetration reached 88 million households.

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Unexpectedly low δ^(13)C in leaves,branches,stems and roots of three acacia species growing in hyper-arid environments

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journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第1期14卷 117-131页

作者： Daphna Uni Elli Groner elaine Soloway Amgad Hjazin Spencer johnswick Gidon Winters Efrat Sheffer Ido Rog Yael Wagner Tamir Klein Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael The Dead Sea-Arava Science Center Tamar Regional CouncilNeve Zohar 86910Israel Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetic in Agriculture The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael Arava Institute for Environmental Studies Kibbutz KeturaIsrael

Aims In plant eco-physiology,less negative(enriched)carbon 13(^(13)C)in the leaves indicates conditions of reducing leaf gas exchange through stomata,*** *** addition,^(13)C is expected to be less negative in non-photosynthetic tissues as compared with ***,these relationships inδ^(13)C from leaves(photosynthetic organs)to branches,stems and roots(non-photosynthetic organs)are rarely tested across multiple closely related tree species,multiple compartments,or in trees growing under extreme heat and *** We measured leaf-to-root^(13)C in three closely related desert acacia species(Acacia tortilis,*** and ***).We measuredδ^(13)C in leaf tissues from mature trees in southern *** parallel,a 7-year irrigation experiment with 0.5,1.0 or 4.0 L day1 was conducted in an experimental *** the end of the experiment,growth parameters andδ^(13)C were measured in leaves,branches,stems and *** Findings Theδ^(13)C in leaf tissues sampled from mature trees was ca.-27‰,far more depleted than expected from a desert tree growing in one of the Earth's driest and hottest *** acacia species and compartments,δ^(13)C was not enriched at all irrigation levels(-28‰to ca.-27‰),confirming our measurements in the mature *** compartments,leafδ^(13)C was unexpectedly similar to branch and rootδ^(13)C,and surprisingly,even less negative than stemδ^(13)*** highly depleted leafδ^(13)C suggests that these trees have high stomatai gas exchange,despite growing in extremely dry *** lack ofδ^(13)C enrichment in nonphotosynthetic tissues might be related to the seasonal coupling of growth of leaves and heterotrophic tissues.

关键词： stable isotope δ^(13)C enrichment desert tree drought resistance Acacia raddiana Acacia tortilis

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Soy-based renoprotection

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World journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期5卷 233-257页

作者： Nancy j Mc Graw elaine S Krul Elizabeth Grunz-Borgmann Alan R Parrish Global Nutrition Du Pont Nutrition and Health Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology School of Medicine University of Missouri

Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is a significant public health problem as risk factors such as advanced age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes rise in the global po-pulation. Currently there are no effective pharmacologic treatments for this disease. The role of diet is important for slowing the progression of CKD and managing symptoms in later stages of renal insuffciency. While low protein diets are generally recommended, maintaining adequate levels of intake is critical for health. There is an increasing appreciation that the source of protein may also be important. Soybean protein has been the most extensively studied plant-based protein in subjects with kidney disease and has demonstrated renal protective properties in a number of clinical studies. Soy protein consumption has been shown to slow the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and significantly improve proteinuria in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with nephropathy. Soy’s beneficial effects on renal function may also result from its impact on certain phy-siological risk factors for CKD such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Soy intake is also associated with improvements in antioxidant status and systemic infammation in early and late stage CKD pati-ents. Studies conducted in animal models have helped to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms that may play a role in the positive effects of soy protein on renal parameters in polycystic kidney disease, metabolically-induced kidney dysfunction and age-associated prog-ressive nephropathy. Despite the established relationship between soy and renoprotection, further studies are needed for a clear understanding of the role of the cellular and molecular target（s） of soy protein in main-taining renal function.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Diet Proteinuria Protein Soy

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