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The Prevalence of Dengue Virus and Malaria Co-Infection among HIV-Infected Patients within South Eastern Nigeria

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 106-117页

作者： Onochie-Igbinedion Ifeyinwa Theresa Osarumwense Ikegbunam Moses Nkechukwu ekpunobi nzube favour Ibeagha Izuchukwu Chukwuma Okechukwu George Adikwu Micheal Umale Esimone Charles Okechukwu Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Molecular Research Foundation for Students and Scientists Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria APIN Public Health Initiative Makurdi Benue State Nigeria Medical Laboratory Science Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) Nsukka Enugu Nigeria

Background: Dengue and malaria are infections of great public health concern, especially in tropical countries like Nigeria where the burden of HIV infection is high. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of dengue virus and dengue/malaria coinfection among febrile HIV-infected patients attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching university both in the southeastern region of Nigeria. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples from 338 consenting HIV-infected patients were collected and tested for plasmodiasis and DENV using malaria microscopy and ELISA, respectively. Interviewer-based questionnaires were used to assess subjects’ sociodemographic variables and dengue risk factors. This study was conducted within the peak period of the dry season (January-February 2016). Results: Of the 338 screened participants, 13.02% were seropositive for DENV, whereas 55.8% were positive for Plasmodium spp. About 2.7% were positive for both dengue virus and Plasmodium spp. The overall seroprevalence of dengue virus by NS1 antigenemia, IgM and IgG antibodies was 9.5%, 5.6% and 8%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of malaria and DENV indicates the need to strengthen vector control and dengue surveillance programs.

关键词： Dengue Malaria Coinfection Seroprevalence Southeast Nigeria

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Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第1期8卷 16-26页

作者： Ngozi Maryann Nebolisa Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor Uchenna Eunice ekpunobi Immaculeta Chikamnele Umeyor Festus Basden Okoye Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Research Group Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria c Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial *** work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any r

关键词： Moringa oleifera seed Oil Microwave-assisted extraction Soxhlet extraction Quality attributes GC-MS assay Metabolomics Reducing power

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Comparison of Four Diagnostic Tests Methods for the Detection of Dengue Virus Non-Structural-1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibodies

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第5期10卷 179-190页

作者： Moses N. Ikegbunam Ifeyinwa T.O. Onochie-Igbinedion nzube F. ekpunobi Abone Harrison Enyi Emmanuel Simon Nkpeh Ushie Micheal U. Adiukwu Charles O. Esimone Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Molecular Research Foundation for Students and Scientists Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) Nsukka Nigeria

Objectives: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a mosquito-borne disease that stands out as one of the major public health issues and has a wide-ranging geographical distribution throughout the tropics and subtropics. The general alarming increase in the number of cases over the last two decades can be attributed to an extent by the change in national practices to keeping records and reporting dengue to the Ministries of Health, and WHO. Dengue diagnosis is routinely carried out by detection of dengue virus (DENV) antigen NS1 (Non-structural Antigen 1) and/or anti-DENV IgM/IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This study compared the performance of three RDTs and one ELISA used for dengue diagnosis in southeastern, Nigeria. Design: This study adopted a cross-sectional design that included prospective hospital-based surveillance of cases among febrile participants attending two major health facilities within the southeastern region of Nigeria. In this study, 338 HIV-infected participants from two teaching hospitals in Nigeria’s southeast were systematically tested for Dengue with four methods: NS1 RDT, IgG RDT, IgM RDT, and NS1 ELISA. Their specificities and sensitivities were compared, as well as their level of concordance. Their respective performances were also evaluated using the Receivers Operational curve (ROC). Results: Out of the 338 patients, the dengue prevalence from the four dengue diagnostic methods Dengue virus NS1 ELISA, NS1 RDT, IgM and IgG seropositivity were 8.9%, 0.6%, 5.6%, and 8.0%, respectively. The Dengue IgM RDT test indicated 36.8% sensitivity, 92.8% specificity, the IgG anti-dengue specific test indicated 29.6% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity and the dengue NS1 RDT test indicated 3.3% sensitivity, 99.4% specificity when compared with the Dengue NSI Elisa test method as a reference method. Conclusion: The use of NSI ELISA for DENV diagnosis showed good performance and the RDTs showed,

关键词： Dengue Virus Diagnosis Methods Comparison Performance Southeastern Nigeria

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Correlation between Age and Electrical Axes of the Heart in Adult Nigerians

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第11期10卷 761-768页

作者： Peter ekpunobi Chime Wilfred Okwudili Okenwa Bibiana Oti Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Department of Surgery Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria

Background: P wave axis, QRS axis, T wave axis and QRS-T angle have prognostic values on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet the effect of age on these important electrocardiographic parameters has not been well studied in adult Nigerians, knowing that some electrocardiographic parameters are affected by age. Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the effect of age on P frontal axis, QRS frontal axis, T frontal axis and frontal QRS-T angle among adult Nigerians. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which P frontal axis, QRS frontal axis and T frontal axis of adult patients who attended a university teaching hospital were determined from 12-lead ECG. Frontal QRS-T angle was calculated as the absolute difference between the QRS frontal axis and T wave frontal axis. The electrical axes and QRS-T angle were correlated with age. Results: There were 85 cases aged between 20 and 66 years, which included 42 males and 43 females. P frontal axis correlated positively and non-significantly with age (r = -0.032, p = 0.773), QRS frontal axis correlated negatively and significantly with age (r = -0.295, p = 0.006), T frontal axis correlated negatively and non-significantly with age (r = -0.002, p = 0.

关键词： P Frontal Axis T Frontal Axis QRS Frontal axis Frontal QRS-T Angle

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Hearing Loss in Lassa Fever: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第11期12卷 239-247页

作者： Ethel Nkechi Chime Peter ekpunobi Chime Jones Ndubuisi Nwosu Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria

Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever associated with several complications which include hearing loss. Hearing loss in Lassa fever may become residual with its negative impact on the quality of life. Purpose: This paper is a review of various studies on Lassa fever related hearing loss. Methods: Systematic literature review was done on articles on Lassa fever patients and Lassa fever survivors. Relevant articles published in English between 1969 and 2021 were searched for using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Eight studies which met the inclusion criteria were finally selected and included in the review. The variables of interest were extracted from the full-text articles. Results: Lassa fever related hearing loss occurs in both sexes and in all age groups. The incidence of self-reported hearing loss ranged from 12.5% to 30% with a mean of 17.6%. The incidence of audiometrically determined sensorineural hearing loss ranged from 13.5% to 29% with a mean of 22.1%. Hearing loss persisted in 64% of those that were followed up. Cases of hearing loss varied in severity, ranging from mild to profound. No successful specific treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss was reported apart from hearing rehabilitation. Conclusion: Hearing loss among Lassa fever patients remains a major challenge. Lack of effective treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss is a serious gap in the management of Lassa fever patients which should be addressed in future research.

关键词： Hearing Loss Hearing Impairment Lassa Fever

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Clinical Presentations of Lassa Fever in Non-Endemic Parts of the World: A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第9期13卷 415-427页

作者： Ethel Nkechi Chime Peter ekpunobi Chime Basil Chukwuemeka Ezeanolue Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Lassa fever cases outside Africa are seen as imported cases of Lassa fever. Timely diagnosis of imported Lassa fever is important for timely intervention necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with Lassa fever, and this requires the knowledge of the clinical manifestations of Lassa fever. Purpose: This review was done to see how clinical diagnosis of imported Lassa fever can be facilitated based on the clinical presentations of imported cases of Lassa fever in Lassa fever non-endemic region. Methods: The relevant articles for the review were obtained from the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The clinical presentations of the imported Lassa fever cases consisted of multisystem involvement and were similar to those of Lassa fever patients who were treated in the Lassa fever endemic region. Conclusions: History of recent travel to, or residence in, Lassa fever endemic region is an important clue for clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. The 2011 CDC surveillance case definition and the modified Khan case definition for Lassa fever may aid clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. Any clinically suspected case of Lassa fever should have a laboratory confirmation.

关键词： Imported Lassa Fever Clinical Features of Lassa Fever Clinical Diagnosis of Lassa Fever

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Vocal Cord Paralysis Secondary to Carotid Artery Dissection: A Case Report

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第3期10卷 8-12页

作者： Ethel Nkechi Chime Peter ekpunobi Chime John C. Eze Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Cardiothoracic Unit Department of Surgery University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus Ituku-Ozalla Enugu State Nigeria

Background and Objective: Vocal cord paralysis results in impairment of breathing and/or speech. One of the causes of vocal cord paralysis is the disruption of vagus nerve innervation to the vocal cords by the mass effect of a neighbouring structure. We report a rare case of vocal cord paralysis secondary to internal carotid artery dissection. Method: The diagnosis was based on clinical history, physical examination and imaging studies. Literature review was done. Case Report: This was a 53-year-old female with a history of unremitting, progressive hoarseness and mild dysphagia to liquid, who was clinically found to have impaired left vocal cord mobility, a left-sided pulsatile neck mass and left carotid artery dissection based on imaging studies. Symptoms abated after conservative treatment with Aspirin and she has remained symptom free since two years of follow-up. Conclusion: Vocal cord paralysis can be a consequence of carotid artery dissection causing mass effect on the vagus nerve. Thus, carotid artery dissection should not be forgotten as a possible cause of vocal cord paralysis in some cases of vocal cord paralysis of uncertain etiology. Treatment with anti-platelet drug can bring about resolution of symptoms and return of vocal cord mobility.

关键词： Vocal Cord Paralysis Internal Carotid Artery Dissection/Aneurysm

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Mild Extraction Technique for Flavonoids from Leaves of Nypa fruiticans and Chemical Analysis of Its Components

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 101-108页

作者： Uche Eunice ekpunobi Augustine Nnaluo Eboatu Patrice-Anthony Chudi Okoye Theresa Uzoma Onuegbu Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka 234 Anambra State Nigeria

Eight flavonoid derivatives： rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, isorhmnetin-3-sulphate, kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside,＇luteolin and kaempferol have been extracted and characterized from Nipa palm. Mild extraction technique involving the use of HPLC-DAD-MS was used. The structures of the flavonoids were determined on the basis of mass spectroscopy. Separation of the crude extract by paper chromatography （PC） on forestall as solvent system gave one major yellowish brown spot which had Rf value of 3.9. The Rf value and maximum absorption from UV spectroscopy were the same as those of quercetin standard. The most prominent compound was quercetin followed by three others： kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, and isorhmnetin-3 -sulphate.

关键词： Nipa palm flavonoids extracts spectroscopy characterization.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Pandiaka heudelotii

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 55-63页

作者： Ikenna Obiora Alaekwe Uche Eunice ekpunobi Vincent Ishmel Egbulefu Ajiwe Chinedu Chris Aguoma Jamilu Ahmad Department of Chemistry Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

The work investigated the secondary metabolites present in different parts of the Pandiaka heudelotii plant harvested from Ezira, Orumba south local government area of Anambra state, southeastern Nigeria as well as their antimicrobial activity. The objectives were to extract, determine the phytochemicals present, evaluate the antimicrobial potential and determine the zones of inhibition of the root, stem and leaf extracts of the plant. The emergence of antibiotics has decreased the spread and severity of a wide range of diseases. Plant extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtelis, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition of extracts was compared with that of standard drugs like Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fulcin and Fluconazole. The result revealed the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth with some test organisms. The microbial activity of the plant parts may be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The ethyl acetate extracts of Pandiaka heudelotii stood out with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 5 - 10 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 10 - 20 mg/ml against some test organisms. The plant can thus be worked upon to discover biologically active natural products that may serve as a prelude to the development of new pharmaceutical research undertakings.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Secondary Metabolites Antibiotics Pandiaka heudelotii Bacteria

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Lassa Fever Case Report: Challenges in Making Early Diagnosis

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 228-234页

作者： Peter ekpunobi Chime Ethel Nkechi Chime Edmund Ndibuagu Fintan Chinweike Ekochin Sussan Arinze-Onyia Bibiana Oti Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Introduction: Lassa fever is a disease of public health importance because of the associated morbidity and high case fatality rate among hospitalized patients. Even after recovery, there may be residual problems such as sensorineural hearing loss. The initial presentation of Lassa fever may be with non-specific symptoms similar to what is seen in the more common febrile illnesses such as malaria or typhoid fever. In such a setting therefore, timely diagnosis of Lassa fever may be difficult. Case Report: We report a case of Lassa fever that presented to our institution. She was a middle aged woman who had non-specific symptoms of febrile illness and who died in less than 48 hours of admission. She had a subtle bleeding on the lip just before death which was what raised the suspicion for Lassa fever. Laboratory confirmation of Lassa fever was made retrospectively. Conclusion: When the presenting symptoms are non-specific, a high index of suspicion is required for timely recognition of Lassa fever. Early diagnosis is important for prompt therapeutic intervention as well as for limiting the spread of the disease. This is the second case of Lassa fever presenting to our hospital, but the first published case of Lassa fever from our hospital.

关键词： Lassa Fever Lassa Virus Lassa Fever Diagnosis Lassa Fever Symptoms and Signs

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